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Nitrate Modulates Lateral Root Formation by Regulating the Auxin Response and Transport in Rice.

ABSTRACT: Nitrate (NO3-) plays a pivotal role in stimulating lateral root (LR) formation and growth in plants. However, the role of NO3- in modulating rice LR formation and the signalling pathways involved in this process remain unclear. Phenotypic and genetic analyses of rice were used to explore the role of strigolactones (SLs) and auxin in NO3--modulated LR formation in rice. Compared with ammonium (NH4+), NO3- stimulated LR initiation due to higher short-term root IAA levels. However, this stimulation vanished after 7 d, and the LR density was reduced, in parallel with the auxin levels. Application of the exogenous auxin α-naphthylacetic acid to NH4+-treated rice plants promoted LR initiation to levels similar to those under NO3- at 7 d; conversely, the application of the SL analogue GR24 to NH4+-treated rice inhibited LR initiation to levels similar to those under NO3- supply by reducing the root auxin levels at 10 d. D10 and D14 mutations caused loss of sensitivity of the LR formation response to NO3-. The application of NO3- and GR24 downregulated the transcription of PIN-FORMED 2(PIN2), an auxin efflux carrier in roots. LR number and density in pin2 mutant lines were insensitive to NO3- treatment. These results indicate that NO3- modulates LR formation by affecting the auxin response and transport in rice, with the involvement of SLs.

SUBMITTER: Wang B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8229813 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nitric Oxide Affects Rice Root Growth by Regulating Auxin Transport Under Nitrate Supply.

Project description:Nitrogen (N) is a major essential nutrient for plant growth, and rice is an important food crop globally. Although ammonium (NH4+) is the main N source for rice, nitrate (NO3-) is also absorbed and utilized. Rice responds to NO3- supply by changing root morphology. However, the mechanisms of rice root growth and formation under NO3- supply are unclear. Nitric oxide (NO) and auxin are important regulators of root growth and development under NO3- supply. How the interactions between NO and auxin in regulating root growth in response to NO3- are unknown. In this study, the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and NO in roots, and the responses of lateral roots (LRs) and seminal roots (SRs) to NH4+ and NO3-, were investigated using wild-type (WT) rice, as well as osnia2 and ospin1b mutants. NO3- supply promoted LR formation and SR elongation. The effects of NO donor and NO inhibitor/scavenger supply on NO levels and the root morphology of WT and nia2 mutants under NH4+ or NO3- suggest that NO3--induced NO is generated by the nitrate reductase (NR) pathway rather than the NO synthase (NOS)-like pathway. IAA levels, [3H] IAA transport, and PIN gene expression in roots were enhanced under NO3- relative to NH4+ supply. These results suggest that NO3- regulates auxin transport in roots. Application of SNP under NH4+ supply, or of cPTIO under NO3- supply, resulted in auxin levels in roots similar to those under NO3- and NH4+ supply, respectively. Compared to WT, the roots of the ospin1b mutant had lower auxin levels, fewer LRs, and shorter SRs. Thus, NO affects root growth by regulating auxin transport in response to NO3-. Overall, our findings suggest that NO3- influences LR formation and SR elongation by regulating auxin transport via a mechanism involving NO.

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Corrigendum: Nitric Oxide Affects Rice Root Growth by Regulating Auxin Transport Under Nitrate Supply.

Project description:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00659.].

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Strigolactones and auxin cooperate to regulate lateral root development in response to nitrate

Project description:In maize, nitrate regulates root development thanks to the coordinated action of many players. In this study, the involvement of SLs and auxin as putative downstream components of the nitrate regulation of lateral root development was investigated. To this aim, the endogenous SL content of maize root in response to nitrate availability was assessed by means of LC-MS/MS and measurements of lateral root density in the presence of analogues or inhibitors of auxin and strigolactones were performed. Furthermore, un untargeted RNA-seq based approach was used to better characterize the participation of auxin and strigolacotones to the transcriptional signature of maize root response to nitrate. Our results suggested that N deprivation toughly induces zealactone and carlactonoic acid biosynthesis in maize root, to a higher extent if compared to P-deprived roots. Moreover, data on lateral root density led to hypothesise the existence of both auxin-dependent and auxin-independent effects of nitrate on LR development. In addition, the inhibition of SL biosynthesis seems to participate to the auxin-dependent induction of LR, but the involvement of further downstream unknown components cannot be ruled out.

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