Roseabol A, a New Peptaibol from the Fungus Clonostachys rosea.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kim CK
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8231123 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Clonostachys rosea (strain YKD0085). The functional annotation of C. rosea provides important information related to its ability to produce secondary metabolites. The genome sequence presented here builds the basis for further genome mining.
| S-EPMC4919396 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Clonostachys rosea is a mycoparasitic fungus used for biological control of plant diseases. Its genome contains 31 genes putatively encoding for polyketide synthases (PKSs), 75% of which are arranged in biosynthetic gene clusters. Gene expression analysis during C. rosea interactions with the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum showed common and species-specific induction of PKS genes. Our data showed a culture media dependent correlation between PKS gene expression and degree of antagonism in C. rosea. The pks22 and pks29 genes were highly induced during fungal-fungal interactions but not during pigmentation, and gene deletion studies revealed that PKS29 was required for full antagonism against B. cinerea, and for biocontrol of fusarium foot rot on barley. Metabolite analysis revealed that Δpks29 strains has a 50% reduced production (P = 0.001) of an unknown polyketide with molecular formula C15H28O3, while Δpks22 strains lost the ability to produce four previously unknown polyketides named Clonorosein A-D. Clonorosein A and B were purified, their structures determined, and showed strong antifungal activity against B. cinerea and F. graminearum. These results show that PKS22 is required for production of antifungal polyketide Clonorosein A-D, and demonstrate the role of PKS29 in antagonism and biocontrol of fungal plant diseases.
| S-EPMC6177402 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Necrotrophic mycoparasitism is an intricate process involving recognition, physical mycelial contact, and killing of host fungi (mycohosts). During such interactions, mycoparasites undergo a complex developmental process involving massive regulatory changes of gene expression to produce a range of chemical compounds and proteins that contribute to the parasitism of the mycohosts. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are vital components of posttranscriptional gene regulation, although their role in gene expression regulation during mycoparasitisms remain understudied. Here, we investigated the role of sRNA-mediated gene regulation in mycoparasitism by performing sRNA and degradome tag sequencing of the mycoparasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea interacting with the plant-pathogenic mycohosts Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum at two time points. The majority of differentially expressed sRNAs were downregulated during the interactions with the mycohosts compared to a C. rosea self-interaction control, thus allowing desuppression (upregulation) of mycohost-responsive genes. Degradome analysis showed a positive correlation between high degradome counts and antisense sRNA mapping and led to the identification of 201 sRNA-mediated potential gene targets for 282 differentially expressed sRNAs. Analysis of sRNA potential gene targets revealed that the regulation of genes coding for membrane proteins was a common response against both mycohosts. The regulation of genes involved in oxidative stress tolerance and cellular metabolic and biosynthetic processes was exclusive against F. graminearum, highlighting common and mycohost-specific gene regulation of C. rosea. By combining these results with transcriptome data collected during a previous study, we expand the understanding of the role of sRNA in regulating interspecific fungal interactions and mycoparasitism. IMPORTANCE Small RNAs (sRNAs) are emerging as key players in pathogenic and mutualistic fungus-plant interactions; however, their role in fungus-fungus interactions remains elusive. In this study, we employed the necrotrophic mycoparasite Clonostachys rosea and the plant-pathogenic mycohosts Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum and investigated the sRNA-mediated gene regulation in mycoparasitic interactions. The combined approach of sRNA and degradome tag sequencing identified 201 sRNA-mediated putative gene targets for 282 differentially expressed sRNAs, highlighting the role of sRNA-mediated regulation of mycoparasitism in C. rosea. We also identified 36 known and 13 novel microRNAs (miRNAs) and their potential gene targets at the endogenous level and at a cross-species level in B. cinerea and F. graminearum, indicating a role of cross-species RNA interference (RNAi) in mycoparasitism, representing a novel mechanism in biocontrol interactions. Furthermore, we showed that C. rosea adapts its transcriptional response, and thereby its interaction mechanisms, based on the interaction stages and identity of the mycohost.
| S-EPMC9275246 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe ascomycete fungus Clonostachys rosea (order Hypocreales) can control several important plant diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi and nematodes. Subtilisin-like serine proteases are considered to play an important role in pathogenesis in entomopathogenic, mycoparasitic, and nematophagous fungi used for biological control. In this study, we analysed the evolutionary histories of protease gene families, and investigated sequence divergence and regulation of serine protease genes in C. rosea.ResultsProteases of selected hypocrealean fungal species were classified into families based on the MEROPS peptidase database. The highest number of protease genes (590) was found in Fusarium solani, followed by C. rosea with 576 genes. Analysis of gene family evolution identified non-random changes in gene copy numbers in the five serine protease gene families S1A, S8A, S9X, S12 and S33. Four families, S1A, S8A, S9X, and S33, displayed gene gains in C. rosea. A gene-tree / species-tree reconciliation analysis of the S8A family revealed that the gene copy number increase in C. rosea was primarily associated with the S08.054 (proteinase K) subgroup. In addition, regulatory and predicted structural differences, including twelve sites evolving under positive selection, among eighteen C. rosea S8A serine protease paralog genes were also observed. The C. rosea S8A serine protease gene prs6 was induced during interaction with the plant pathogenic species F. graminearum.ConclusionsNon-random increases in S8A, S9X and S33 serine protease gene numbers in the mycoparasitic species C. rosea, Trichoderma atroviride and T. virens suggests an involvement in fungal-fungal interactions. Regulatory and predicted structural differences between C. rosea S8A paralogs indicate that functional diversification is driving the observed increase in gene copy numbers. The induction of prs6 expression in C. rosea during confrontation with F. graminearum suggests an involvement of the corresponding protease in fungal-fungal interactions. The results pinpoint the importance of serine proteases for ecological niche adaptation in C. rosea, including a potential role in the mycoparasitic attack on fungal prey.
| S-EPMC6240243 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, and the bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (both Hemiptera: Aphididae), are serious pests of greenhouse vegetable crops in Iraq and other regions of the globe. In this study, two morphological identical isolates (AA80 and AA82) of the entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea Schroers (Hypocreales: Bionectriaceae) from Iraq were isolated and characterized with phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The efficacy of C. rosea against M. persicae and A. fabae was previously unknown.ResultsIn the laboratory bioassays, mortality of adult M. persicae and A. fabae caused by both C. rosea isolates varied according to conidial concentrations, with complete mortality occurring at 1 × 109 conidia ml-1 10 day post treatment. For M. persicae, LC50 values of AA80 and AA80 isolates were 3.6 × 106 and 3.8 × 106 conidia ml-1. For A. fabae, LC50 values of AA80 and AA80 isolates were 4.5 × 106 and 4.35 × 106 conidia ml-1. Infection by both fungal isolates at LC50 values reduced total fecundity of the treated aphids by 20% when compared to the untreated aphids.ConclusionsThe results from laboratory bioassays showed that C. rosea has potential as a biological control agent of M. persicae and A. fabae which is crucial for ecofriendly biopesticide development. However, further field and greenhouse studies are required for mass production.
| S-EPMC9051009 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Clonostachys rosea strain:BBS-CTR 10 whole genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA1044563 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundClonostachys rosea strain IK726 is a mycoparasitic fungus capable of controlling mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species, including F. graminearum and F. culmorum, known to produce Zearalenone (ZEA) and Deoxynivalenol (DON). DON is a type B trichothecene known to interfere with protein synthesis in eukaryotes. ZEA is a estrogenic-mimicing mycotoxin that exhibits antifungal growth. C. rosea produces the enzyme zearalenone hydrolase (ZHD101), which degrades ZEA. However, the molecular basis of resistance to DON in C. rosea is not understood. We have exploited a genome-wide transcriptomic approach to identify genes induced by DON and ZEA in order to investigate the molecular basis of mycotoxin resistance C. rosea.ResultsWe generated DON- and ZEA-induced cDNA libraries based on suppression subtractive hybridization. A total of 443 and 446 sequenced clones (corresponding to 58 and 65 genes) from the DON- and ZEA-induced library, respectively, were analysed. DON-induced transcripts represented genes encoding metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450, cytochrome c oxidase and stress response proteins. In contrast, transcripts encoding the ZEA-detoxifying enzyme ZHD101 and those encoding a number of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter transcripts were highly frequent in the ZEA-induced library. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis predicted that all transcripts with similarity to ABC transporters could be ascribed to only 2 ABC transporters genes, and phylogenetic analysis of the predicted ABC transporters suggested that they belong to group G (pleiotropic drug transporters) of the fungal ABC transporter gene family. This is the first report suggesting involvement of ABC transporters in ZEA tolerance. Expression patterns of a selected set of DON- and ZEA-induced genes were validated by the use of quantitative RT-PCR after exposure to the toxins. The qRT-PCR results obtained confirm the expression patterns suggested from the EST redundancy data.ConclusionThe present study identifies a number of transcripts encoding proteins that are potentially involved in conferring resistance to DON and ZEA in the mycoparasitic fungus C. rosea. Whilst metabolic readjustment is potentially the key to withstanding DON, the fungus produces ZHD101 to detoxify ZEA and ABC transporters to transport ZEA or its degradation products out from the fungal cell.
| S-EPMC3902428 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Clonostachys rosea is a necrotrophic mycoparasitic fungus, used for biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms resulting in successful biocontrol is important for knowledge-based improvements of the application and use of biocontrol in agricultural production systems. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that C. rosea responded with both common and specific gene expression during interactions with the fungal prey species Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum. Genes predicted to encode proteins involved in membrane transport, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and carbohydrate-active enzymes were induced during the mycoparasitic attack. Predicted major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters constituted 54% of the induced genes, and detailed phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses showed that a majority of these genes belonged to MFS gene families evolving under selection for increased paralog numbers, with predicted functions in drug resistance and transport of carbohydrates and small organic compounds. Sequence analysis of MFS transporters from family 2.A.1.3.65 identified rapidly evolving loop regions forming the entry to the transport tunnel, indicating changes in substrate specificity as a target for selection. Deletion of the MFS transporter gene mfs464 resulted in mutants with increased growth inhibitory activity against F. graminearum, providing evidence for a function in interspecific fungal interactions. In summary, we show that the mycoparasite C. rosea can distinguish between fungal prey species and modulate its transcriptomic responses accordingly. Gene expression data emphasize the importance of secondary metabolites in mycoparasitic interactions.
| S-EPMC5999205 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Eukaryote-derived methioninase, catalyzing the one-step degradation of methionine (Met) to methanethiol (MTL), has received much attention for its low immunogenic potential and use as a therapeutic agent against Met-dependent tumors. Although biological and chemical degradation pathways for Met-MTL conversion are proposed, the concrete molecular mechanism for Met-MTL conversion in eukaryotes is still unclear. Previous studies demonstrated that ?-keto-methylthiobutyric acid (KMBA), the intermediate for Met-MTL conversion, was located extracellularly and the demethiolase STR3 possessed no activities towards Met, which rule out the possibility of intracellular Met-MTL conversion pathway inside eukaryotes. We report here that degradation of Met resulted in intracellular accumulation of KMBA in Clonostachys rosea. Addition of Met to culture media led to the production of MTL and downregulation of STR3, while incubation of Met with surrogate substrate ?-ketoglutaric acid enhanced the synthesis of MTL and triggered the upregulation of STR3. Subsequent biochemical analysis with recombinant STR3 showed that STR3 directly converted both Met and its transamination product KMBA to MTL. These results indicated that STR3 as rate-limiting enzyme degrades Met and KMBA into MTL. Our findings suggest STR3 is a potential target for therapeutic agents against Met-dependent tumors and aging.
| S-EPMC4763297 | biostudies-literature