Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

6 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

The Dynamics of Infectious Diseases Associated With Injection Drug Use in Lawrence and Lowell, Massachusetts.

ABSTRACT:

Background

There are a wide variety of infectious complications of injection drug use. Understanding the trajectory of these complications might inform the development of an early warning system for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreaks that occur regularly among people who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods

A distributed lag Poisson regression model in the Bayesian setting was used to examine temporal patterns in the incidence of injection-associated infectious diseases and their association with HIV cases in Lawrence and Lowell, Massachusetts between 2005 and 2018.

Results

Current-month HIV counts are associated with fatal overdoses approximately 8 months prior, cases of infective endocarditis 10 months prior, and cases of skin and soft tissue infections and incision and drainage procedures associated with these infections 12 months prior.

Conclusions

Collecting data on these other complications associated with injection drug use by public health departments may be important to consider because these complications may serve as input to a sentinel system to trigger early intervention and avert potential outbreaks of HIV.

SUBMITTER: Gonsalves GS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8231383 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Early OxyContin Marketing Linked To Long-Term Spread Of Infectious Diseases Associated With Injection Drug Use.

Project description:The initial marketing of the opioid analgesic OxyContin in 1996 increased fatal drug overdoses over the course of the opioid epidemic in the US. However, the long-term impacts of this marketing on complications of injection drug use, a key feature of the ongoing crisis, are undetermined. This study evaluated the effects of exposure to initial OxyContin marketing on the long-term trajectories of injection drug use-related outcomes in the US. We used a difference-in-differences analysis to compare outcomes in states with high versus low exposure to initial marketing before and after the 2010 reformulation of OxyContin, which facilitated the use of illicit drugs and the spread of infectious disease. Exposure to initial OxyContin marketing statistically significantly increased rates of fatal synthetic opioid-related overdoses; acute hepatitis A, B, and C viral infections; and infective endocarditis-related deaths. The greatest burden of adverse long-term outcomes has been in states that experienced the highest exposure to early OxyContin marketing. Our findings indicate that OxyContin marketing decisions from the mid-1990s increased viral and bacterial complications of injection drug use and illicit opioid-related overdose deaths twenty-five years later.

| S-EPMC10521060 | biostudies-literature

Infectious Complications in Injection Drug Use.

Project description:IntroductionThe prevalence of opioid use disorder has increased steadily over the last decade (from 2.2 million in 2010 to 10.2 million in 2018) and with it, a surge in infectious complications associated with injection drug use (IDU). Trainees in internal medicine routinely diagnose, manage, and treat patients experiencing these infections in the hospital setting as well as screen for and immunize against other comorbid infections in the ambulatory setting.MethodsThis 90-minute, case-based, interactive workshop was led by two facilitators, an infectious diseases specialist and a senior internal medicine resident. To evaluate its effectiveness, we used a pre- and postsession survey administered at the beginning and end of the workshop. Learners were asked to rate comfort level in recognizing, managing, and counseling about various IDU-related infections, as well as to answer specific, content-level questions.ResultThirty of 42 participants who attended the workshop completed the evaluation. There was a statistically significant change in participants' comfort level with diagnosing and managing IDU-associated infections as well as ambulatory standards of care for people who inject drugs (PWID) from pre- to postworkshop.DiscussionOur workshop focused on the management and prevention of infections among PWID in both the inpatient and ambulatory settings. Learners demonstrated increased comfort in managing these conditions.

| S-EPMC8015638 | biostudies-literature

Population dynamics of epidemic and endemic states of drug-resistance emergence in infectious diseases.

Project description:The emergence and spread of drug-resistance during treatment of many infectious diseases continue to degrade our ability to control and mitigate infection outcomes using therapeutic measures. While the coverage and efficacy of treatment remain key factors in the population dynamics of resistance, the timing for the start of the treatment in infectious individuals can significantly influence such dynamics. We developed a between-host disease transmission model to investigate the short-term (epidemic) and long-term (endemic) states of infections caused by two competing pathogen subtypes, namely the wild-type and resistant-type, when the probability of developing resistance is a function of delay in start of the treatment. We characterize the behaviour of disease equilibria and obtain a condition to minimize the fraction of population infectious at the endemic state in terms of probability of developing resistance and its transmission fitness. For the short-term epidemic dynamics, we illustrate that depending on the likelihood of resistance development at the time of treatment initiation, the same epidemic size may be achieved with different delays in start of the treatment, which may correspond to significantly different treatment coverages. Our results demonstrate that early initiation of treatment may not necessarily be the optimal strategy for curtailing the incidence of resistance or the overall disease burden. The risk of developing drug-resistance in-host remains an important factor in the management of resistance in the population.

| S-EPMC5228518 | biostudies-literature

Drug repurposing screens and synergistic drug-combinations for infectious diseases.

Project description:Infectious diseases account for nearly one fifth of the worldwide death toll every year. The continuous increase of drug-resistant pathogens is a big challenge for treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, outbreaks of infections and new pathogens are potential threats to public health. Lack of effective treatments for drug-resistant bacteria and recent outbreaks of Ebola and Zika viral infections have become a global public health concern. The number of newly approved antibiotics has decreased significantly in the last two decades compared with previous decades. In parallel with this, is an increase in the number of drug-resistant bacteria. For these threats and challenges to be countered, new strategies and technology platforms are critically needed. Drug repurposing has emerged as an alternative approach for rapid identification of effective therapeutics to treat the infectious diseases. For treatment of severe infections, synergistic drug combinations using approved drugs identified from drug repurposing screens is a useful option which may overcome the problem of weak activity of individual drugs. Collaborative efforts including government, academic researchers and private drug industry can facilitate the translational research to produce more effective new therapeutic agents such as narrow spectrum antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria for these global challenges.Linked articlesThis article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.

| S-EPMC5758396 | biostudies-literature

Against Medical Advice Discharges in Injection and Non-injection Drug Use-associated Infective Endocarditis: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Project description:BackgroundAmong those with injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis (IDU-IE), against medical advice (AMA) discharge is common and linked to adverse outcomes. Understanding trends, risk factors, and timing is needed to reduce IDU-IE AMA discharges.MethodsWe identified individuals ages 18-64 with International Classification of Diseases, 9thRevision, diagnosis codes for infective endocarditis (IE) in the National Inpatient Sample, a representative sample of United States hospitalizations from January 2010 to September 2015. We plotted unadjusted quarter-year trends for AMA discharges and used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with AMA discharge among IE hospitalizations, comparing IDU-IE with non-IDU-IE.ResultsWe identified 7259 IDU-IE and 23 633 non-IDU-IE hospitalizations. Of these hospitalizations, 14.2% of IDU-IE and 1.9% of non-IDU-IE resulted in AMA discharges. More than 30% of AMA discharges for both groups occurred before hospital day 3. In adjusted models, IDU status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.43-4.48)] was associated with increased odds of AMA discharge. Among IDU-IE, women (AOR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.41) and Hispanics (AOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03-1.69) had increased odds of AMA discharge, which differed from non-IDU-IE. Over nearly 6 years, odds of AMA discharge increased 12% per year for IDU-IE (AOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.18) and 6% per year for non-IDU-IE (AOR, 1.06; 95% CI. 1.00-1.13).ConclusionsAMA discharges have risen among individuals with IDU-IE and non-IDE-IE. Among those who inject drugs, AMA discharges were more common and increases sharper. Efforts that address the rising fraction, disparities, and timing of IDU-IE AMA discharges are needed.

| S-EPMC8563193 | biostudies-literature

Structural genomics and drug discovery for infectious diseases.

Project description:The application of structural genomics methods and approaches to proteins from organisms causing infectious diseases is making available the three dimensional structures of many proteins that are potential drug targets and laying the groundwork for structure aided drug discovery efforts. There are a number of structural genomics projects with a focus on pathogens that have been initiated worldwide. The Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) was recently established to apply state-of-the-art high throughput structural biology technologies to the characterization of proteins from the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) category A-C pathogens and organisms causing emerging, or re-emerging infectious diseases. The target selection process emphasizes potential biomedical benefits. Selected proteins include known drug targets and their homologs, essential enzymes, virulence factors and vaccine candidates. The Center also provides a structure determination service for the infectious disease scientific community. The ultimate goal is to generate a library of structures that are available to the scientific community and can serve as a starting point for further research and structure aided drug discovery for infectious diseases. To achieve this goal, the CSGID will determine protein crystal structures of 400 proteins and protein-ligand complexes using proven, rapid, highly integrated, and cost-effective methods for such determination, primarily by X-ray crystallography. High throughput crystallographic structure determination is greatly aided by frequent, convenient access to high-performance beamlines at third-generation synchrotron X-ray sources.

| S-EPMC2789569 | biostudies-literature

Deubiquitinating enzymes as promising drug targets for infectious diseases.

Project description:Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remove ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifications from proteins and they have been known to contribute to processes relevant in microbial infection, such as immune responses pathways. Numerous viral and bacterial DUBs have been identified, and activities of several host DUBs are known to be modulated during the infection process, either by a pathogen or by a host. Recently there have been attempts to take advantage of this feature and design therapeutic inhibitors of DUBs that can be used to limit the spread of infection. This review is focused on exploring the potential of DUBs in the treatment of infectious diseases.

| S-EPMC5485257 | biostudies-literature

Multitarget drug discovery for tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.

Project description:We report the discovery of a series of new drug leads that have potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as against other bacteria, fungi, and a malaria parasite. The compounds are analogues of the new tuberculosis (TB) drug SQ109 (1), which has been reported to act by inhibiting a transporter called MmpL3, involved in cell wall biosynthesis. We show that 1 and the new compounds also target enzymes involved in menaquinone biosynthesis and electron transport, inhibiting respiration and ATP biosynthesis, and are uncouplers, collapsing the pH gradient and membrane potential used to power transporters. The result of such multitarget inhibition is potent inhibition of TB cell growth, as well as very low rates of spontaneous drug resistance. Several targets are absent in humans but are present in other bacteria, as well as in malaria parasites, whose growth is also inhibited.

| S-EPMC4084622 | biostudies-literature

Hospital Costs of Injection Drug Use in Florida.

Project description:People who inject drugs (PWID) experience significant injection-related infections (IRIs) at significant healthcare system cost. This study used and validated an algorithm based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, to estimate hospitalized PWID populations, assess the total statewide morbidity for IRIs among PWID, and calculate associated costs of care.

| S-EPMC8489420 | biostudies-literature

Injection drug use as a "second hit" in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC3373070 | biostudies-literature