Dataset Information

Gut Microbiota Prevents Sugar Alcohol-Induced Diarrhea.

ABSTRACT: While poorly-absorbed sugar alcohols such as sorbitol are widely used as sweeteners, they may induce diarrhea in some individuals. However, the factors which determine an individual's susceptibility to sugar alcohol-induced diarrhea remain unknown. Here, we show that specific gut bacteria are involved in the suppression of sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria increased in response to sorbitol consumption. We found that Escherichia coli of the family Enterobacteriaceae degraded sorbitol and suppressed sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Finally, we showed that the metabolism of sorbitol by the E. coli sugar phosphotransferase system helped suppress sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Therefore, gut microbiota prevented sugar alcohol-induced diarrhea by degrading sorbitol in the gut. The identification of the gut bacteria which respond to and degrade sugar alcohols in the intestine has implications for microbiome science, processed food science, and public health.

SUBMITTER: Hattori K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8231616 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Gut Microbiota Prevents Sugar Alcohol-Induced Diarrhea.

Hattori Kouya K Akiyama Masahiro M Seki Natsumi N Yakabe Kyosuke K Hase Koji K Kim Yun-Gi YG

Nutrients 20210612 6

While poorly-absorbed sugar alcohols such as sorbitol are widely used as sweeteners, they may induce diarrhea in some individuals. However, the factors which determine an individual's susceptibility to sugar alcohol-induced diarrhea remain unknown. Here, we show that specific gut bacteria are involved in the suppression of sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria increased in response to sorbitol consumption. We found that <i>Escherichia ...[more]

PMID: 34204751

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Project description:BackgroundDrunkenness and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are critical public health issues associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to chronic overconsumption of alcohol. Traditional remedies, such as bear bile powder, have been historically acclaimed for their hepatoprotective properties. This study assessed the efficacy of a biotransformed bear bile powder known as golden bile powder (GBP) in alleviating alcohol-induced drunkenness and ALD.MethodsA murine model was engineered to simulate alcohol drunkenness and acute hepatic injury through the administration of a 50% ethanol solution. Intervention with GBP and its effects on alcohol-related symptoms were scrutinized, by employing an integrative approach that encompasses serum metabolomics, network medicine, and gut microbiota profiling to elucidate the protective mechanisms of GBP.ResultsGBP administration significantly delayed the onset of drunkenness and decreased the duration of ethanol-induced inebriation in mice. Enhanced liver cell recovery was indicated by increased hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase levels and superoxide dismutase activity, along with significant decreases in the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). These biochemical alterations suggest diminished hepatic damage and enhanced lipid homeostasis. Microbiota analysis via 16S rDNA sequencing revealed significant changes in gut microbial diversity and composition following alcohol exposure, and these changes were effectively reversed by GBP treatment. Metabolomic analyses demonstrated that GBP normalized the alcohol-induced perturbations in phospholipids, fatty acids, and bile acids. Correlation assessments linked distinct microbial genera to serum bile acid profiles, indicating that the protective efficacy of GBP may be attributable to modulatory effects on metabolism and the gut microbiota composition. Network medicine insights suggest the prominence of two active agents in GBP as critical for addressing drunkenness and ALD.ConclusionGBP is a potent intervention for alcohol-induced pathology and offers hepatoprotective benefits, at least in part, through the modulation of the gut microbiota and related metabolic cascades.

Project description:Diarrhea poses a significant threat to the health and well-being of weaned piglets, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality and economic loss in the pig industry. However, the structural characteristics of the gut microbiota and the key genera associated with early diarrhea in piglets within large-scale production systems are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the microbial community structure and the specific genera alteration between the healthy piglets and diarrhea piglets, and to identify the biomarkers of gut microbiota associated with diarrhea in piglets. A total of 250 fecal samples, including 130 healthy piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire) in the Control group and 120 from diarrhea piglets in Diarrhea group, were collected from three large-scale farms as discovery cohorts and were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, 150 fecal samples from another large-scale pig farm were collected for the validation trail. The Chao1 and ACE indices were obviously lower (P < 0.01) in the diarrhea piglets compared to the healthy ones. Principal coordinate analysis showed significant differences in the distance matrix of gut microbiota between the healthy and diarrhea piglets (Bray-Curtis: P = 0.001, Jaccard: P = 0.001). Eighty-five genera were differentially enriched (P < 0.001) between healthy and diarrhea piglets. Notably, Treponema, Sphaerochaeta, Escherichia-Shigella, Slackia, and Staphylococcus were identified as potential biomarkers of diarrhea susceptibility; Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Prevotella_9, Olsenella, Dorea, and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group were found to be beneficial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. These differentially enriched genera of healthy and diarrhea piglets were further confirmed in the validation cohort. In conclusion, this study identified the diarrhea-associated and beneficial genera in the faces of piglet, providing a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and intervention of diarrhea in weaned piglets.

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Dataset Information

Gut Microbiota Prevents Sugar Alcohol-Induced Diarrhea.

Publications

Gut Microbiota Prevents Sugar Alcohol-Induced Diarrhea.

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