Effects of Different Application Times of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Mineral Precipitation in Demineralized Dentin.
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SUBMITTER: Srisomboon S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8232282 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:This study investigated the influence of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on the shear bond strength (SBS) to artificial carious dentin and GIC restorations with various SDF application protocols. Artificial caries were prepared on human dentin discs using bacteria model. These samples were randomly allocated to five groups (n = 10/group) according to the following treatment: (1) control group (CD): no treatment (2) CSR: dentin conditioner, SDF, and rinsing (3) CS: dentin conditioner and SDF (4) SRC: SDF, rinsing and dentin conditioner, and (5) SC: SDF and dentin conditioner. The treated-dentin surface was bonded with GIC and subjected to SBS test. Mean SBS was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Surface morphology and elemental contents after surface treatment were examined (n = 3/group) by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). There was no significant difference in the mean SBS among CD (2.45 ± 0.99 MPa), CSR (1.76 ± 0.65 MPa), and SRC (2.64 ± 0.95 MPa). Meanwhile, the mean SBS of CS (0.35 ± 0.21 MPa) was significantly lower than the control and SRC group. SEM/EDX demonstrated deeper silver penetration in CSR and CS groups when compared to SRC and SC groups. SDF-modified GIC restorations resulted in significantly lower bond strength in CS and SC groups. The findings suggested treating the carious dentin surface with CSR and SRC protocol. SDF-treated carious dentin should be rinsed off prior to restore with GIC.
| S-EPMC10468524 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride and grape seed extract on the microstructure and mechanical properties of carious dentin following exposure to acidic challenge. Ninety-eight molars with occlusal caries were used. In the control group the specimens were kept in distilled water. In the GSE group, the specimens were immersed in 6.5% grape seed extract solution for 30 minutes. In the SDF group, the specimens were immersed in 30% SDF solution for 4 minutes. In the GSE+SDF group, the specimens were immersed in 6.5% grape seed extract solution for 30 minutes and then exposed to 30% SDF solution for 4 minutes. All the groups underwent pH cycling model for 8 days. Microhardness measurements were taken at the baseline before surface treatments and after pH cycling. Elastic modulus was measured, after pH cycling. In the control group, the final hardness was significantly lower than the initial hardness (P = 0.001). In the SDF group, the final hardness was significantly higher than the initial hardness (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the initial and final hardness values in the GSE and GSE + SDF groups (p = 0.92, p = 0.07). The H1-H0 in the SDF group was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05). Moreover, elastic modulus of the experimental groups except GSE+SDF group was significantly higher than control. The highest mean elastic modulus was detected in the SDF group (P<0.001). The use of SDF and GSE prior to the acid challenge improved mechanical properties. Microstructural investigation, using scanning electron microscope showed dentin structure protection against acid challenges with SDF treatment and collagen matrix stabilization with GSE treatment. However combined use of these agents was not beneficious.
| S-EPMC7498094 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Different regimens of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) have been used to manage early childhood caries. So far, there is limited information regarding the concentrations and frequency of applications for effective caries control in primary teeth. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of 2 commercially available SDF solutions at preprepared concentrations of 38% and 12% when applied annually or biannually over 18 mo in arresting dentine caries in primary teeth. This randomized double-blinded clinical trial recruited kindergarten children aged 3 to 4 y who had at least 1 tooth with dentine caries. The children were randomly allocated to receive 4 treatment protocols: group 1, annual application of 12% SDF; group 2, biannual application of 12% SDF; group 3, annual application of 38% SDF; and group 4, biannual application of 38% SDF. Clinical examinations at 6-mo intervals were conducted to assess whether active carious lesions became arrested. Information on the children's background and oral hygiene habits was collected through a parental questionnaire at baseline and follow-up examinations. A total of 888 children with 4,220 dentine carious tooth surfaces received treatment at baseline. After 18 mo, 831 children (94%) were examined. The caries arrest rates were 50%, 55%, 64%, and 74% for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P < 0.001). Lesions treated with SDF biannual application had a higher chance of becoming arrested compared with those receiving SDF annual application (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.71; P = 0.025). The interaction between concentration and lesion site was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Compared with 12% SDF, the use of 38% SDF increased a chance of becoming arrested (P < 0.05), except lesions on occlusal surfaces. Based on the 18-mo results, SDF is more effective in arresting dentin caries in the primary teeth of preschool children at 38% concentration than 12% concentration and when applied biannually rather than annually. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians and dental public health professionals when deciding which concentrations and frequency of application of silver diamine fluoride solution should be adopted for arresting dentine caries. With consideration of caries arrest treatment with silver diamine fluoride, which is painless, simple, and low cost, this information could lead to more appropriate therapeutic decisions for caries control in young children or those who lack access to affordable conventional dental care.
| S-EPMC5615850 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aim This study aimed to evaluate the potential discolouration and carious lesion arresting effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide (SDF/KI) in the treatment of carious primary teeth.Materials and method A total of 30 carious primary canines were randomly assigned to treatment groups where Group I was treated with SDF while Group II was treated with SDF/KI. Caries arrest was assessed based on consistency and stability of lesion size while the discolouration of treated lesions was assessed digitally using a VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer.Results Both treatments demonstrated 100% efficacy in arresting active caries lesions. Regarding discolouration, the total colour difference represented by delta E (ΔE) was 16.45 ± 5.69 for Group I compared to 9.54 ± 3.09 for Group II immediately post-operative, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.003). Both groups showed similar values at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the treatment, with no statistically significant difference. No incidence of serious adverse effects related to either treatment and the majority of parents/guardians were satisfied with both treatments compromising their child's aesthetic appearance.Conclusions Both SDF and SDF/KI are effective in arresting carious lesions in primary teeth but in terms of the discolouration potential, the use of KI significantly reduced the discolouration caused by SDF immediately post-operatively. Unfortunately, marked discolouration was recorded in the subsequent follow-up visits, compromising the aesthetic outcome.
| S-EPMC9734755 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in caries treatment in children has increased despite the disadvantage of causing tooth discoloration. Nanosilver fluoride (NSF) is a possible alternative. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effect of NSF and SDF and their impact on the activity of dentin caries in primary teeth.MethodsSynthesis and characterization of the physical and biological properties of NSF were conducted. Fifty children aged 4-6 years with dentin caries (active caries corresponding to ICDAS code 5) in deciduous teeth were randomly assigned to treatment by NSF or SDF. Baseline assessment of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and lactobacilli counts as CFU/mL in caries lesions was done, followed by the application of the agents. After one month, microbiological samples were recollected, and lesion activity was reassessed. Groups were compared using Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests, while intragroup comparisons were done using Wilcoxon and McNemar tests. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of different variables on the outcomes.ResultsThere were 130 teeth in 50 children; mean ± SD age = 4.75 ± 0.76 years, 63% were posterior teeth. At the one-month follow-up appointment, both groups showed a significant decrease from baseline bacterial counts. There was a significant difference in the reduction of S. mutans between NSF and SDF (21.3% and 10.5%, respectively, p = 0.002), while not in lactobacilli (13.9% and 6.0%, respectively, p = 0.094). In both groups, there was a significant reduction in the number of active caries from baseline (p < 0.0001) with no significant difference between groups (percentage inactive = 64.4% and 63.4%, p = 0.903). Multilevel regression revealed non-significant differences in S. mutans and lactobacilli counts (AOR 1.281, p = 0.737 and 1.888, p = 0.341, respectively), and in the number of inactive lesions (AOR 1.355, p = 0.731) between groups.ConclusionThe short-term antibacterial efficacy of NSF was similar to that of SDF. In both groups there was a significant reduction of S. mutans and lactobacilli counts in active dentin caries, and two-thirds of the lesions became inactive with no differences between the two interventions. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term efficacy of NSF and its suitability for clinical use in caries management.Trial registrationThis trial was prospectively registered on the clinicaltrials.gov registry with ID: NCT05221749 on 03/02/2022.
| S-EPMC9805097 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) is the most prevalent chronic health problem in young children, and it can be arrested using professionally applied fluoride such as Sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish and Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF). This trial compared two interventions to arrest ECC lesions: 38% SDF combined with 5% NaF varnish versus 38% SDF and assessed whether the arrest rate was affected by baseline lesion severity measured by ICDAS.MethodsChildren aged ≤ 4 years from 4 nurseries in a rural area in Alexandria, Egypt joined the study in March 2022. They were included if they had at least one active carious lesion with ICDAS codes ≥ 3. They were randomized to receive either 38% SDF with 5% NaF varnish or 38% SDF alone. In both groups, the agents were applied at baseline and after 6 months on the caries lesions. NaF was additionally applied on all teeth in the oral cavity, and it was also applied after three months. The primary outcome was lesion arrest status after six months. Parents' satisfaction with their children's appearance was the secondary outcome. Pearson Chi-Square test was used for bivariate comparison and multi-level multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of the intervention on caries arrest controlling for confounders. The interaction between the intervention and baseline lesion severity (categorized into moderate and severe lesions) was assessed and the p value was calculated.ResultsThe study included 1606 lesions in 220 children, median (IQR) age = 48(9) months. The percentages of arrested lesions after the application of SDF + NaF and SDF only were 77.7% and 73.2% (p = 0.035). In multivariable analysis, SDF + NaF had significantly greater caries arrest effect than SDF alone (AOR = 2.12, p = 0.03) with significant difference (p = 0.03) between moderate (AOR = 4.10, p = 0.005) and advanced (AOR = 1.92, p = 0.08) lesions. Most parents were satisfied with their children's appearance with no significant difference between groups (SDF + NaF = 84.5%, SDF = 78.18%, p = 0.23).ConclusionSDF + NaF had a higher arrest rate than SDF alone and this difference was significant in moderate but not advanced lesions. The findings have implications for the non-invasive management of ECC.Trial registrationThis trial was registered in the clinicaltrials.gov registry (#NCT05642494).
| S-EPMC10656986 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The caries arrest that can be achieved by using silver diamine fluoride (SDF) offers a minimally invasive and inexpensive alternative to traditional restorative caries treatment. The authors evaluated how the dentinal staining that is associated with SDF influences the acceptance of this treatment among parents of young children in the New York City metropolitan area. METHODS:The authors invited the parents of children who had experienced dental caries and who had appointments at the New York University Pediatric Dentistry Clinic and at several private clinics in New Jersey to participate in a Web-based survey designed to assess parents' demographics, perceptions of photographs of SDF-treated carious teeth, and acceptability of treatment in different behavior management scenarios. RESULTS:Ninety-eight mothers and 22 fathers from diverse backgrounds participated. Most parents (67.5%) judged SDF staining on the posterior teeth to be esthetically tolerable, but only 29.7% of parents made this same judgment about anterior teeth (P < .001). In the absence of their child having behavioral barriers to conventional restorations, 53.6% of parents reported that they were likely to choose SDF to treat their child's posterior teeth, but only 26.9% of parents were likely to choose SDF to treat their child's anterior teeth. As the number of children's behavioral barriers increased, so did the parents' level of acceptance. In extreme cases, in which parents had to decide whether their children should undergo general anesthesia during treatment, parents' acceptance rate of SDF as a treatment method increased to 68.5% on posterior teeth and to 60.3% on anterior teeth. Parents' acceptance of the treatment also varied according to their socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS:Staining on posterior teeth was more acceptable than staining on anterior teeth. Although staining on anterior teeth was undesirable, most parents preferred this option to advanced behavioral techniques such as sedation or general anesthesia. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS:Clinicians need to understand parental sensitivities regarding the staining effect of SDF to plan adequately for the use of SDF as a method of caries management in pediatric patients.
| S-EPMC6771934 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis systematic review of the literature was carried out to assess parental acceptance for silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application and esthetic outcome on their children primary dentition and evaluate factors that might influence their acceptance.MethodsOur research protocol included a search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and a data extraction plan. The search engines we used were PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Reviewers independently reviewed, determined and carried out quality assessment for included studies using CONSORT (for clinical-trials), and STROBE (for Observational studies). In addition, evidence and recommendation's strength was conducted using Shekelle et al. system. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between parental acceptance for SDF treatment and teeth type, location and child's cooperation.ResultsEight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There were statistically significant differences between parental acceptance for SDF usage on posterior teeth compared to anterior teeth (P < 0.001, OR: 0.23 and 95% CI: 0.15-0.34) and for SDF usage on anterior teeth of uncooperative compared to cooperative children (P < 0.001, OR: 0.27 and 95% CI: 0.17-0.44). Additionally, parent's acceptance rate for SDF application increased after follow-up visits and education.ConclusionParental acceptance for SDF treatment was significantly related to tooth location, child cooperation and pre-operative instruction.
| S-EPMC7439720 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis umbrella review comprehensively appraised evidence for silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to arrest and prevent root and coronal caries by summarizing systematic reviews. Adverse events were explored.MethodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO register and Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for systematic reviews investigating SDF for caries prevention or arrest (1970-2018) without language restrictions. Systematic reviews were selected, data extracted, and risk of bias assessed using ROBIS by two independent reviewers, in duplicate. Corrected covered area was calculated to quantify studies' overlap across reviews.ResultsEleven systematic reviews were included; four focussing on SDF for root caries in adults and seven on coronal caries in children. These cited 30 studies (4 root caries; 26 coronal caries) appearing 63 times. Five systematic reviews were of "low", one "unclear" and five "high" risk of bias. Overlap of studies was very high (50% root caries; 17% coronal caries). High overlap and heterogeneity, mainly comparators and outcome measures, precluded meta-analysis. Results were grouped by aim and outcomes to present an overview of direction and magnitude of effect. SDF had a positive effect on prevention and arrest of coronal and root caries, consistently outperforming comparators (fluoride varnish, Atraumatic Restorative Treatment, placebo). For root caries prevention, the prevented fraction (PF) was 25-71% higher for SDF compared to placebo (two systematic reviews with three studies) and PF = 100-725% for root caries arrest (one systematic review with two studies). For coronal caries prevention, PF = 70-78% (two systematic reviews with two studies) and PF = 55-96% for coronal caries arrest (one systematic review with two studies) with arrest rates of 65-91% (four systematic reviews with six studies). Eight systematic reviews reported adverse events, seven of which reported arrested lesions black staining.ConclusionSystematic reviews consistently supported SDF's effectiveness for arresting coronal caries in the primary dentition and arresting and preventing root caries in older adults for all comparators. There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on SDF for prevention in primary teeth and prevention and arrest in permanent teeth in children. No serious adverse events were reported.
| S-EPMC6626340 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry guidelines recommend treatment of primary teeth with 38 percent silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a noninvasive option to arrest active dental caries lesions. A significant outcome of SDF treatment are lesions that clinically harden and become more resistant to further decay. Many practicing dentists believe that this increased hardening is due to the reaction of silver and fluoride with carious dentin. The purpose of this study was to focus on the structural and chemical effects of silver diamine fluoride treatment on the native tooth. Methods: In SDF-treated cavitated dentin lesions in teeth subsequently extracted for orthodontic reasons, the authors observed continuous, filamentous silver densities formed in situ from 50 to 2,100 μm in length and 0.25 to 7.0 μm in diameter using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray microcomputer tomography and field emission scanning electron microscopy. These "microwires" fill voids in the lesion caused by disease and permeate through surrounding dentinal tubules. Results: Spectroscopy confirmed that the chemical composition of the observed microwires is predominantly silver. Conclusions: These observations suggest mechanistic explanations for the structural reinforcement of carious dentin in addition to remineralization. It is hypothesized that silver diamine fluoride may achieve its antimicrobial functions by biochemical interactions and through its inherent ability to integrate into the native tooth structure.
| S-EPMC7295027 | biostudies-literature