In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Patterns of Arabinoxylan from Rice Bran on Fecal Microbiota from Normal-Weight and Overweight/Obese Subjects.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Gu I
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8232586 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundVariability in the health effects of dietary fiber might arise from inter-individual differences in the gut microbiota's ability to ferment these substrates into beneficial metabolites. Our understanding of what drives this individuality is vastly incomplete and will require an ecological perspective as microbiomes function as complex inter-connected communities. Here, we performed a parallel two-arm, exploratory randomized controlled trial in 31 adults with overweight and class-I obesity to characterize the effects of long-chain, complex arabinoxylan (n = 15) at high supplementation doses (female: 25 g/day; male: 35 g/day) on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid production as compared to microcrystalline cellulose (n = 16, non-fermentable control), and integrated the findings using an ecological framework.ResultsArabinoxylan resulted in a global shift in fecal bacterial community composition, reduced ?-diversity, and the promotion of specific taxa, including operational taxonomic units related to Bifidobacterium longum, Blautia obeum, and Prevotella copri. Arabinoxylan further increased fecal propionate concentrations (p = 0.012, Friedman's test), an effect that showed two distinct groupings of temporal responses in participants. The two groups showed differences in compositional shifts of the microbiota (p ? 0.025, PERMANOVA), and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses revealed that the propionate response was predictable through shifts and, to a lesser degree, baseline composition of the microbiota. Principal components (PCs) derived from community data were better predictors in MLR models as compared to single taxa, indicating that arabinoxylan fermentation is the result of multi-species interactions within microbiomes.ConclusionThis study showed that long-chain arabinoxylan modulates both microbiota composition and the output of health-relevant SCFAs, providing information for a more targeted application of this fiber. Variation in propionate production was linked to both compositional shifts and baseline composition, with PCs derived from shifts of the global microbial community showing the strongest associations. These findings constitute a proof-of-concept for the merit of an ecological framework that considers features of the wider gut microbial community for the prediction of metabolic outcomes of dietary fiber fermentation. This provides a basis to personalize the use of dietary fiber in nutritional application and to stratify human populations by relevant gut microbiota features to account for the inconsistent health effects in human intervention studies.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT02322112 , registered on July 3, 2015. Video Abstract.
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Project description:This study investigated the effects of a modified rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) as a dietary supplement on the gut microbiota of healthy adults. Ten volunteers supplemented their diet with 1 g of RBAC for six weeks and 3 g of RBAC for another six weeks, with a three-week washout period. Faecal samples were collected every 3 weeks over 21 weeks. Microbiota from faecal samples were profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. Assessment of alpha and beta microbiota diversity was performed using the QIIME2 platform. The results revealed that alpha and beta diversity were not associated with the experimental phase, interventional period, RBAC dosage, or time. However, the statistical significance of the participant was detected in alpha (p < 0.002) and beta (weighted unifrac, p = 0.001) diversity. Explanatory factors, including diet and lifestyle, were significantly associated with alpha (p < 0.05) and beta (p < 0.01) diversity. The individual beta diversity of six participants significantly changed (p < 0.05) during the interventional period. Seven participants showed statistically significant taxonomic changes (ANCOM W ≥ 5). These results classified four participants as responders to RBAC supplementation, with a further two participants as likely responders. In conclusion, the gut microbiome is highly individualised and modulated by RBAC as a dietary supplement, dependent on lifestyle and dietary intake.
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Project description:We measured the effect of an aerobic exercise session on postprandial glucose control in adolescents with habitually low-physical activity. The goal was to determine if the acute or residual response of exercise was altered in people who are overweight/obese (OW/Ob). Eleven normal weight, body mass index (NW, BMI =?48?±?13 percentile) and 12 OW/Ob (BMI =?91?± 5 percentile) participants completed 3 trials. In the no exercise (No Ex) trial, participants rested quietly before and after consuming a test meal. In the other 2 trials, a 45-minute aerobic exercise session was performed either 17-hour (Prior Day Ex) or 40 minutes (Same Day Ex) before the test meal. On all trials, the OW/Ob group had higher fasting glucose (~6%) and insulin (~66%), and lower insulin sensitivity (~9%) than the NW group. The Same Day Ex and Prior Day Ex trials resulted in reduced area under the curve for glucose (6% on both trials, P <?.01) and insulin (15% and 13%, respectively, P <?.03), and increased insulin sensitivity (8% and 6%, respectively, P <?.01). The magnitudes of those effects did not differ between the NW and OW/Ob groups. Plasma fatty acids declined and carbohydrate oxidation increased after the meal, but did not differ among trials or groups. The results demonstrate that moderate intensity aerobic exercise increases insulin sensitivity in NW and OW/Ob adolescents and that the beneficial effects of exercise last up to 17?hours. The acute impact of exercise on metabolic health in adolescents is not impaired in overweight/obese participants.
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Project description:Background and objectivesHigher body mass index (BMI) is paradoxically associated with lower mortality in persons with CKD, but whether cardiometabolic abnormalities modulate this association is unclear.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsParticipants with CKD from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (n=4374) were analyzed. The harmonized criteria for metabolic syndrome were used to define metabolic health, and participants were categorized into one of six mutually exclusive categories defined by combined measures of metabolic health (metabolically healthy, <3 criteria for metabolic syndrome; metabolically unhealthy, ?3 criteria) and weight status (normal weight, BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2); overweight, BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2); obese, BMI ?30 kg/m(2)). Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of death as a function of each category.ResultsA total of 683 deaths were observed over a mean 4.5 years of follow-up. In analyses adjusted for age, race, sex, and geographic region of residence, compared with metabolically healthy normal weight persons, the HRs of mortality in metabolically healthy overweight and obese persons were 0.68 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.53 to 0.87) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.98), respectively, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in survival among metabolically unhealthy overweight or obese individuals. After further adjustment for lifestyle, clinical and laboratory factors including markers of kidney function, the HR of mortality remained lower in metabolically healthy overweight individuals compared with metabolically healthy normal weight individuals (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.96).ConclusionsMetabolic abnormalities may attenuate the magnitude and strength of survival benefits associated with higher BMI in individuals with CKD.
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