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Increasing the robustness and crack resistivity of high-performance carbon fiber composites for space applications.

ABSTRACT: The endeavors to develop manufacturing methods that can enhance polymer and composite structures in spacecraft have led to much research and innovation over many decades. However, the thermal stability, intrinsic material stress, and anisotropic substrate properties pose significant challenges and inhibit the use of previously proposed solutions under extreme space environment. Here, we overcome these issues by developing a custom-designed, plasma-enhanced cross-linked poly(p-xylylene):diamond-like carbon superlattice material that enables enhanced mechanical coupling with the soft polymeric and composite materials, which in turn can be applied to large 3D engineering structures. The superlattice structure developed forms an integral part with the substrate and results in a space qualifiable carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer featuring 10-20 times greater resistance to cracking without affecting the stiffness of dimensionally stable structures. This innovation paves the way for the next generation of advanced ultra-stable composites for upcoming optical and radar instrument space programs and advanced engineering applications.

SUBMITTER: Delkowski M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8233203 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nanoscale crack initiation and propagation in carbon fiber/epoxy composites using synchrotron: 3D image data.

Project description:Crack initiation and propagation in carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) was observed in situ under the application of an opening load using nanoscopic synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography (nanoscopic SR X-CT) at a high spatial resolution of ∼50 nm. Two datasets of reconstructed and segmented images were produced in typical regions, namely in the thin and thick epoxy regions where the resin thickness between the adjacent carbon fibers was small and large, respectively. This novel study presents the first non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) visualization of resin deformation behavior around crack tips, and provides a valuable and unique insight for the future design of CFRPs.

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Effects of Water Content and Temperature on Bulk Resistivity of Hybrid Cement/Carbon Nanofiber Composites.

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Hybrid Composites Based on Carbon Fiber/Carbon Nanofilament Reinforcement.

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Mussel-Inspired Design of a Carbon Fiber-Cellulosic Polymer Interface toward Engineered Biobased Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites.

Project description:Tuning interactions at the interfaces in carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced polymer composites necessitates the implementation of CF surface modification strategies that often require destructive environmentally unfriendly chemistries. In this study, interfacial interactions in cellulose-based composites are tailored by means of a mussel-inspired adhesive polydopamine (PDA) coating, being inherently benign for the environment and for the structure of CFs. The step-by-step growth of PDA was followed by increasing treatment time leading to a hydrophilic PDA-coated surface, presumably via surface-based polymerization mechanisms attributed to strong π-π stacking interactions. Although PDA deposition led to an initial increase in the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) (5 h), it decreased at a longer reaction time (24 h), the formation of weakly attached PDA particles on the coated surface can possibly lie behind the latter phenomenon. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of the prepared short CF-reinforced composite were improved (tensile strength increased ∼12% compared to the unmodified surface) with decreasing IFSS owing to the particular morphological design, resulting in longer fiber segments. Our study underlines the importance of the morphological design at the interface and considers PDA as a promising bioinspired material to tailor interfacial interactions.

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Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity of Melt-Mixed Polypropylene Composites Containing Mixtures of Carbon-Based Fillers.

Project description:Melt-mixed composites based on polypropylene (PP) with various carbon-based fillers were investigated with regard to their thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity. The composites were filled with up to three fillers by selecting combinations of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP), carbon fibers (CF), carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon black (CB), and graphite (G) at a constant filler content of 7.5 vol%. The thermal conductivity of PP (0.26 W/(m·K)) improved most using graphite nanoplatelets, whereas electrical resistivity was the lowest when using multiwalled CNT. Synergistic effects could be observed for different filler combinations. The PP composite, which contains a mixture of GNP, CNT, and highly structured CB, simultaneously had high thermal conductivity (0.5 W/(m·K)) and the lowest electrical volume resistivity (4 Ohm·cm).

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Project description: Not available

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Effect of Composition Ratios on the Performance of Graphene/Carbon Nanotube/Manganese Oxide Composites toward Supercapacitor Applications.

Project description:Herein, we describe the preparation and characterization of graphene/carbon nanotube (CNT)/MnO v composites and the effects of chemical composition and phase transformation on the properties of the corresponding electrode film. In general, the effect of graphene-to-CNT ratio (G/C ratio) and the manganese (Mn) content on the morphology, chemical state, crystallization properties, and microstructure of the composite material was examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and selected area electron diffraction. The bonding mechanism between MnO v and graphite-based materials, that is, graphene and CNTs, is discussed. The influence of the composition of the composites on the performance of the electrode was investigated using charge-discharge curves. The faradically active MnO v also functioned as a considerable cobinder and allowed for a reduced amount of polymeric binder, which enhanced the conductivity and capacitance of the electrode. The optimized electrode composition was obtained based on our present graphene and CNT specifications. In summary, the results discussed in this article provide significant background information for future applications of graphene/CNT/MnO v composite electrodes.

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