Improvement of quality and flavor of salted egg yolks by ultrasonic assisted cooking.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wang X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8233379 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Phosvitin (Pv) is the principal phosphoprotein in chicken egg yolk and the most highly phosphorylated protein in nature. Pv is a good natural food antioxidant and emulsifier. However, the current extraction methods present disadvantages of complicated operation and are time-consuming. In this paper, Pv was extracted from the egg yolk by ultrasonic thermal-assisted extraction (UTAE). The effects of heating time, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time on the extraction of Pv were investigated by a single factor. The purity of Pv, ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P), and activity were used as evaluation indexes. An efficient extraction of Pv was achieved when the sample was heated for 15 min at 80 °C and then processed for 10 min of ultrasonic treatment with an ultrasonic power of 600 W. Under optimal conditions, the purity and activity of Pv were 80% and 98%, respectively, whereas the ratio of N/P was 3.1. The obtained Pv was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fluorescence analyses, fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (Nano LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis. The results showed there is no significant difference in the properties of Pv obtained by UTAE and Pv standard. The developed extraction approach is a simple, industrial compatible method without the use of any organic solvents.
| S-EPMC6724036 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study was aimed to assess the effects of bromelain on the eating quality of smoked salted duck. Whole ducks were marinated with different doses of bromelain (300 U/g, 600 U/g, 900 U/g, 1,200 U/g and 1,500 U/g), while the group without bromelain was considered as control (CK). After the production of smoked salted duck was completed, the pH, color, texture, electronic tongue detection, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and mass spectrometry analysis were determined. The results showed that, compared to CK, the pH, TBARS and hardness values in 900, 1,200 and 1,500 U/g groups were reduced. The cohesiveness and the springiness were increased while the values of b* were decreased in all bromelain treatments (p < .05). The SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis indicated that myosin and actin were further hydrolyzed into small-molecule proteins by bromelain. Electronic tongue detection showed that the umami, the saltiness and the richness of smoked salted duck were enhanced, while the bitterness was reduced at the dose of 900 U/g. Thus, bromelain improved the eating quality of smoked salted duck in particular at the level of 900 U/g.
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Project description:The primary goals of rice breeding programs are grain quality and yield potential improvement. With the high demand for rice varieties of premium cooking and eating quality, we developed low-amylose content breeding lines crossed with Samgwang and Milkyqueen through the marker-assisted backcross (MABc) breeding program. Trait markers of the SSIIIa gene referring to low-amylose content were identified through an SNP mapping activity, and the markers were applied to select favorable lines for a foreground selection. To rapidly recover the genetic background of Samgwang (recurrent parent genome, RPG), 386 genome-wide markers were used to select BC1F1 and BC2F1 individuals. Seven BC2F1 lines with targeted traits were selected, and the genetic background recovery range varied within 97.4-99.1% of RPG. The amylose content of the selected BC2F2 grains ranged from 12.4-16.8%. We demonstrated the MABc using a trait and genome-wide markers, allowing us to efficiently select lines of a target trait and reduce the breeding cycle effectively. In addition, the BC2F2 lines confirmed by molecular markers in this study can be utilized as parental lines for subsequent breeding programs of high-quality rice for cooking and eating.
| S-EPMC8073074 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Manteca yellow dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have many quality traits that appeal to consumers, including fast cooking times, creamy texture, and sweet, buttery flavor. They are native to Chile and consumed in regions of South America and Africa but are largely unfamiliar to United States consumers. While cooking time, flavor, and texture have not been prioritized in United States dry bean breeding programs, genetic variability exists such that these traits could be addressed through breeding. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed from a cross between Ervilha (Manteca) and PI527538 (Njano), yellow dry beans with contrasting cooking time and sensory attributes. The population and parents were grown for 2 years in Michigan and evaluated for cooking time and sensory attribute intensities, including total flavor, beany, vegetative, earthy, starchy, sweet, bitter, seed-coat perception, and cotyledon texture. Cooking time ranged 19-34 min and exhibited high broad-sense heritability (0.68). Sensory attribute intensities also exhibited variation among RILs, although broad-sense heritability was low, with beany and total flavor exhibiting the highest (0.33 and 0.27). A linkage map of 870 single nucleotide polymorphisms markers across 11 chromosomes was developed for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, which revealed QTL for water uptake (3), cooking time (6), sensory attribute intensities (28), color (13), seed-coat postharvest non-darkening (1), seed weight (5), and seed yield (2) identified from data across 2 years. Co-localization was identified for starchy, sweet, and seed-coat perception on Pv01; for total flavor, beany, earthy, starchy, sweet, bitter, seed-coat perception, cotyledon texture, and color on Pv03; water uptake and color on Pv04; total flavor, vegetative, sweet, and cotyledon texture on Pv07; cooking time, starchy, sweet, and color on Pv08; and water uptake, cooking time, total flavor, beany, starchy, bitter, seed-coat perception, cotyledon texture, color, and seed-coat postharvest non-darkening on Pv10. The QTL identified in this work, in particular CT8.2 and CT10.2, can be used to develop molecular markers to improve seed quality traits in future dry bean varieties. Considering yellow dry beans already excel in quality and convenience, they might be an ideal market class to signal a new focus on consumer-valued traits in the United States.
| S-EPMC8259628 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The optimization of wheat starch esterification (acetylation) with a high degree of substitution was performed through response surface methodology (RSM) via various concentrations of reagents (acetic anhydride), pHs, and temperatures under various ultrasonication frequencies (25, 40, and 25 + 40 kHz). According to RSM methodology, optimized samples were selected by achieving high degrees of substitution at various frequencies, temperatures, and pHs. Solubility, swelling, X-ray, RVA, DSC, freeze-thaw stability, texture, and SEM analysis of the optimized samples were performed at three frequencies. X-ray pattern exhibited a more significant reduction in the crystallinity percentage of esterified starch at frequency 25 + 40 kHz compared with 25 kHz, 40 kHz, and native starch. According to DSC analysis, To, Tp, Tc, and enthalpy of gelatinization (?H gel) were lower in AC at frequency 25 + 40 kHz compared with AC at frequency 25 and 40 kHz and N starches. According to morphology analysis, in acetylated starches at 25 and 40 kHz, the surfaces and small granules underwent more damage, whereas in 25 + 40 kHz, large granules were more affected than small granules. Upon acetylation, freeze-thaw stability and textural properties of the starch significantly increased and decreased, respectively. The peak and final viscosity of acetylated starch increased (25 + 40 kHz ? 25 kHz ? 40 kHz ? N starch).
| S-EPMC6694427 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We report on a newly-developed membrane stiffness-based separation of vesicles using a thermally-assisted acoustophoretic approach. By tuning the temperature, we achieved the separation of vesicles of the same size, shape, and charge but with different stiffness values. It was observed that at a specific transition point, the acoustic contrast factor of vesicles changed sign from positive to negative. This change was mainly due to the change in the acoustic compressibility of the vesicles, which is inversely proportional to stiffness. The acoustic contrast temperature, corresponding to the temperature at which the acoustic contrast factor switches sign, was determined to be unique to the composition of the vesicles. This unique temperature signature allowed us to develop a separation method of vesicles with distinct membrane stiffness with target outlet purities exceeding 95%. Our studies suggest that this method may be applied for the separation of cells affected by diseases that affect the cellular stiffness.
| S-EPMC5010174 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The present study aimed at studying the rainbow trout egg transcriptome using 9152-cDNA microarrays after natural or controlled ovulation. The analysis of egg transcriptome after natural or controlled ovulation led to the identification of 26 genes. We observed that both hormonal induction and photoperiod control of ovulation induced significant changes in the egg mRNA abundance of specific genes. We demonstrate that hormonal induction of ovulation has an impact on the egg mRNA abundance of specific genes even though the resulting effects on the developmental potential of the egg is so far unknown. In addition, we also identified 1 gene exhibiting a differential mRNA abundance in eggs of varying developmental potential. Keywords: Egg quality-dependent
2006-10-03 | GSE5928 | GEO
Project description:In avian species, maternal immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is transferred from the blood to the yolks of maturing oocytes; however, the mechanism underlying this transfer is unknown. To gain insight into the mechanisms of maternal IgY transfer into egg yolks, IgY-depleted chickens were generated by removing the bursa of Fabricius (bursectomy) during egg incubation, and their egg production and IgY transport ability into egg yolks were determined. After hatching, blood IgY concentrations of the bursectomized chickens decreased gradually until sexual maturity, whereas those of IgA remained low from an early stage of growth (from at least 2 wk of age). Chickens identified as depleted in IgY through screening of blood IgY and IgA concentrations were raised to sexual maturity. At 20 wk of age, both blood and egg yolk IgY concentrations in the IgY-depleted group were 600-fold lower than those of the control group, whereas egg production did not differ between the groups. Intravenously injected, digoxigenin-labeled IgY uptake into the egg yolk was approximately 2-fold higher in the IgY-depleted chickens than in the controls, suggesting that IgY depletion may enhance IgY uptake in maturing oocytes. DNA microarray analysis of the germinal disc, including the oocyte nucleus, revealed that the expression levels of 73 genes were upregulated more than 1.5-fold in the IgY-depleted group, although we could not identify a convincing candidate gene for the IgY receptor. In conclusion, we successfully raised IgY-depleted chickens presenting a marked reduction in egg yolk IgY. The enhanced uptake of injected IgY into the egg yolks of the IgY-depleted chickens supports the existence of a selective IgY transport mechanism in maturing oocytes and ovarian follicles in avian species.
| S-EPMC7587843 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The present study aimed at studying the rainbow trout egg transcriptome using 9152-cDNA microarrays after natural or controlled ovulation. The analysis of egg transcriptome after natural or controlled ovulation led to the identification of 26 genes. We observed that both hormonal induction and photoperiod control of ovulation induced significant changes in the egg mRNA abundance of specific genes. We demonstrate that hormonal induction of ovulation has an impact on the egg mRNA abundance of specific genes even though the resulting effects on the developmental potential of the egg is so far unknown. In addition, we also identified 1 gene exhibiting a differential mRNA abundance in eggs of varying developmental potential. Analysis of egg transcriptome after natural ovulation (4 samples), photoperiod-controlled ovulation (14 samples), and hormonally-induced ovulation (11 samples).
2010-07-01 | E-GEOD-5928 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:BackgroundA fresh, good quality egg has a firm and gelatinous albumen that anchors the yolk and restricts growth of microbiological pathogens. As the egg ages, the gel-like structure collapses, resulting in thin and runny albumen. Occasionally thin albumen is found in a fresh egg, giving the impression of a low quality product. A mapping population consisting of 1599 F2 hens from a cross between White Rock and Rhode Island Red lines was set up, to identify loci controlling albumen quality. The phenotype for albumen quality was evaluated by albumen height and in Haugh units (HU) measured on three consecutive eggs from each F2 hen at the age of 40 weeks. For the fine-mapping analysis, albumen height and HU were used simultaneously to eliminate contribution of the egg size to the phenotype.ResultsLinkage analysis in a small population of seven half-sib families (668 F2) with 162 microsatellite markers spread across 27 chromosomes revealed two genome-wide significant regions with additive effects for HU on chromosomes 7 and Z. In addition, two putative genome-wide quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions were identified on chromosomes 4 and 26. The QTL effects ranged from 2 to 4% of the phenotypic variance. The genome-wide significant QTL regions on chromosomes 7 and Z were selected for fine-mapping in the full set composed of 16 half-sib families. In addition, their existence was confirmed by an association analysis in an independent commercial Hy-Line pure line.ConclusionsWe identified four chicken genomic regions that affect albumen quality. Our results also suggest that genes that affect albumen quality act both directly and indirectly through several different mechanisms. For instance, the QTL regions on both fine-mapped chromosomes 7 and Z overlapped with a previously reported QTL for eggshell quality, indicating that eggshell membranes may play a role in albumen quality.
| S-EPMC3847062 | biostudies-literature