Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: Invasive and Noninvasive Neuromodulation.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Freezing of gait (FoG) is one of the most disabling yet poorly understood symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). FoG is an episodic gait pattern characterized by the inability to step that occurs on initiation or turning while walking, particularly with perception of tight surroundings. This phenomenon impairs balance, increases falls, and reduces the quality of life.

Materials and methods

Clinical-anatomical correlations, electrophysiology, and functional imaging have generated several mechanistic hypotheses, ranging from the most distal (abnormal central pattern generators of the spinal cord) to the most proximal (frontal executive dysfunction). Here, we review the neuroanatomy and pathophysiology of gait initiation in the context of FoG, and we discuss targets

SUBMITTER: Rahimpour S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8233405 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature