Cardiometabolic Associations between Physical Activity, Adiposity, and Lipoprotein Subclasses in Prepubertal Norwegian Children.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rajalahti T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8234367 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Aerobic fitness (AF) and lipoprotein subclasses associate to each other and to cardiovascular health. Adiposity and physical activity (PA) influence the association pattern of AF to lipoproteins almost inversely making it difficult to assess their independent and joint influence on the association pattern. This study, including 841 children (50% boys) 10.2 ± 0.3 years old with BMI 18.0 ± 3.0 kg/m2 from rural Western Norway, aimed at examining the association pattern of AF to the lipoprotein subclasses and to estimate the independent and joint influence of PA and adiposity on this pattern. We used multivariate analysis to determine the association pattern of a profile of 26 lipoprotein features to AF with and without adjustment for three measures of adiposity and a high-resolution PA descriptor of 23 intensity intervals derived from accelerometry. For data not adjusted for adiposity or PA, we observed a cardioprotective lipoprotein pattern associating to AF. This pattern withstood adjustment for PA, but the strength of association to AF was reduced by 58%, while adjustment for adiposity weakened the association of AF to the lipoproteins by 85% and with strongest changes in the associations to a cardioprotective high-density lipoprotein subclass pattern. When adjusted for both adiposity and PA, the cardioprotective lipoprotein pattern still associated to AF, but the strength of association was reduced by 90%. Our results imply that the (negative) influence of adiposity on the cardioprotective association pattern of lipoproteins to AF is considerably stronger than the (positive) contribution of PA to this pattern. However, our analysis shows that PA contributes also indirectly through a strong inverse association to adiposity. The trial was registered 7 May, 2014 in clinicaltrials.gov with trial reg. no.: NCT02132494 and the URL is https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT02132494&cntry=NO.
| S-EPMC8601570 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe lipid metabolism is one of the most important and complex processes in the body. Serum concentrations of 18 fatty acids (FAs) and 24 lipoprotein features, i.e. concentrations of lipoprotein main and subclasses and average particle size in main classes, in 195 ethnic Norwegian children from the rural Fjord region were quantified by chromatography.ObjectivesTo assess gender differences in prepubertal children and reveal predictive FA patterns for lipoprotein features.MethodsLipoprotein features were modelled from FA profiles using multivariate regression.ResultsContrary to observations for adults from the same region, gender differences in prepubertal children were generally small. However, higher concentrations of C16-C18 FAs for girls compared to boys correlated to higher concentrations of triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and larger average size of VLDL particles. Concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subclass of medium particle size were higher in boys than in girls. These findings are opposite to observations in adults from the same region, but reflect that prepubertal boys are more physically active than girls. Furthermore, children possessed only half the serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid measured in adults. Since sampling was done after 12 h of fasting, these differences may reflect higher rate of utilization of these crucial FAs in children.ConclusionGood predictive models were obtained for TGs, VLDL and chylomicrons with C14-C18 FAs as major contributors. Weak predictive associations were observed for HDL and Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) with C20-C24 FAs as contributors.
| S-EPMC4792365 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective: Adiposity induces the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, and pediatric adiposity is a better indicator for adulthood cardiometabolic diseases than pediatric metabolic syndrome. However, the observed prevalence of pediatric adiposity depends on the methods and cut-points used. Therefore, we aimed to define diagnostic criteria for adiposity which enable more valid identification of prepubertal children at increased cardiometabolic risk. Methods: The participants were 470 prepubertal children (249 boys) aged 6-8 years. The measures of adiposity included body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body fat percentage (BF%) assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Criteria for adiposity were determined by increased cardiometabolic risk. Cardiometabolic risk factors which correlated with BF% assessed by DXA in the upper but not lower half of BF% (serum insulin and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transferase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and uric acid) were included in the cardiometabolic risk score (CMS). We computed receiver operating characteristics curves for the measures of adiposity using the ≥90th percentile of CMS as a measure of increased cardiometabolic risk, and local regression curves were graphed to demonstrate the associations of the measures of adiposity with CMS. Results: In girls, WHtR of 0.445 (area under curve 0.778, its 95% confidence interval 0.65-0.91, sensitivity and specificity 0.73) and BF% of 19.5% assessed by BIA (0.801, 0.70-0.90, 0.73) were the best overall criteria for increased cardiometabolic risk. In boys, BMI-SDS of 0.48 (0.833, 0.75-0.92, 0.76) was the best overall criterion for increased cardiometabolic risk. While local regression curves in girls showed that WHtR of 0.445 corresponds well to a point where CMS began to increase, in boys local regression curves suggest that CMS began to increase even at a lower level of BMI-SDS than 0.48. Moreover, the diagnostic ability of the measures of adiposity to exclude increased cardiometabolic risk was poorer than the ability to detect it. Conclusions: In general, the measures of adiposity have sufficient diagnostic accuracy to be utilized as the screening tool for increased cardiometabolic risk. The observed cut-points for adiposity were lower than the traditional cut-points for adiposity.
| S-EPMC6606693 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of a 9-month physical activity intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity among prepubertal children.MethodsPrepubertal children (8- to 9-year-olds, N = 220, 103 girls) were randomly assigned to a 9-month physical activity intervention or a control group. The intervention provided 70 minutes (5 days/week) of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max percentile) and dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry measured cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity, respectively. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed to assess baseline and follow-up cardiorespiratory fitness, percentage fat mass (%FM), percentage central fat mass (%CFM), and estimated visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area.ResultsThe intervention group increased in cardiorespiratory fitness (5.4th percentile; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 8.9) and decreased in %FM (-0.7%; 95% CI, -1.1 to -0.4) and %CFM (-1.3%; 95% CI, -1.9 to -0.7). Reductions in %FM were evident for both nonoverweight (-0.62%; 95% CI, -1.07 to -0.17) and overweight or obese (-0.86%; 95% CI,-1.46 to -0.25) intervention participants. Conversely, the control group displayed no change in cardiorespiratory fitness while exhibiting increases in %FM (0.4%; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.7), %CFM (0.6; 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.1), and VAT area (3.0 cm(2); 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.4). Nonoverweight control participants increased in %FM (0.52%; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.91), and their overweight and obese counterparts increased in VAT (4.76 cm(2); 95% CI, 1.90 to 7.63).ConclusionsThe physical activity intervention improved cardiorespiratory fitness, reduced %FM, and prevented accumulation of %CFM among prepubertal children with varying adiposity levels. These findings provide support for daily physical activity recommendations to prevent excess fat mass accumulation in childhood.
| S-EPMC3966501 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere are few prospective studies on the associations of changes in objectively measured vigorous physical activity (VPA∆ ), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA∆ ), light physical activity (LPA∆ ), and sedentary time (ST∆ ) with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors (∆ ) in children. We therefore investigated these relationships among children.MethodsThe participants were a population sample of 258 children aged 6-8 years followed for 2 years. We assessed PA and ST by a combined heart rate and movement sensor; computed continuous age- and sex-adjusted z-scores for waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; and constructed a cardiometabolic risk score (CRS) of these risk factors. Data were analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, the explanatory and outcome variables at baseline, and puberty.ResultsVPA∆ associated inversely with CRS∆ (β = -0.209, P = 0.001), body fat percentage (BF%)∆ (β = -0.244, P = 0.001), insulin∆ (β = -0.220, P = 0.001), and triglycerides∆ (β = -0.164, P = 0.012) and directly with HDL cholesterol∆ (β = 0.159, P = 0.023). MVPA∆ associated inversely with CRS∆ (β = -0.178, P = 0.012), BF%∆ (β = -0.298, P = <0.001), and insulin∆ (β = -0.213, P = 0.006) and directly with HDL cholesterol∆ (β = 0.184, P = 0.022). LPA∆ only associated negatively with CRS∆ (β = -0.163, P = 0.032). ST∆ associated directly with CRS∆ (β = 0.218, P = 0.003), BF%∆ (β = 0.212, P = 0.016), and insulin∆ (β = 0.159, P = 0.049).ConclusionsIncreased VPA and MVPA and decreased ST were associated with reduced overall cardiometabolic risk and major individual risk factors. Change in LPA had weaker associations with changes in these cardiometabolic risk factors. Our findings suggest that increasing at least moderate-intensity PA and decreasing ST decrease cardiometabolic risk in children.
| S-EPMC6485341 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Whether irisin concentrations are associated with physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) remains unknown. The role of irisin on cardiometabolic health among children has been contradictory and scarce. This study aimed to examine associations of PA and ST with irisin concentrations and relationships between irisin concentrations and cardiometabolic parameters among children. Additionally, we assessed the interaction between PA or ST and irisin concentrations on cardiometabolic parameters. Basing on a cross-sectional survey of 3,651 general children aged 7-12 years, 575 with different self-reported PA (moderate-vigorous intensity PA ≥ 60 min/day or <150 min/week) and ST (gender-, age-specific ST ≥ 75% or <25% percentile) levels were selected. PA and ST were assessed by the validated international physical activity questionnaires. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile levels were measured with standard methods by biochemistry analyzer. Plasma irisin concentrations were measured by ELISA. The associations of PA and ST with circulating irisin concentrations were examined by linear regression. Linear regression analysis was also used to estimate associations of circulating irisin concentrations with cardiometabolic variables. Interactions between PA or ST and irisin concentrations on cardiometabolic parameters were calculated using multiple linear regression models with dichotomized factors (low PA and high PA; low ST and high ST). No significant association was observed between circulating irisin concentrations and habitual PA or ST. Irisin concentrations were negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.220), BMI z-score (β = -0.098), waist circumference (β = -0.621), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = -0.561), and triglyceride (β = -0.019) in low PA subgroup, and negatively related to fasting blood glucose (β = -0.040) among high PA subgroup. Moreover, irisin concentrations were negatively associated with BMI (β = -0.157) and fasting blood glucose (β = -0.026) only in high ST subgroup (all P < 0.05). We also observed a significant interaction between PA and irisin concentrations on BMI (P interaction = 0.0350), BMI z-score (P interaction = 0.0173), and DBP (P interaction = 0.0068). In summary, irisin concentrations were not associated with habitual PA or ST in children. The negative associations of irisin concentrations with BMI, BMI z-score, and DBP were found only among children being inactive, implying that irisin may contribute to an improvement in health, especially among children with unhealthy lifestyles.
| S-EPMC6703142 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, we investigate the associations of objectively measured waking (sedentary, light physical activity [LPA] and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) and sleep duration and quality characteristics with cardiometabolic risk among older women. Participants from the Healthy Women Study 2010-11 follow-up visit (n = 136, age = 73 ± 2 years, white = 91.9%) concurrently wore an ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer and Actiwatch-2 for seven days. A composite cardiometabolic risk score was calculated by transforming metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and summing z-scores. Multivariable regression models were fitted to relate waking and sleep estimates with the MetS z-score after adjustment for covariates. Compositional data analysis was used to predict the MetS z-score when fixed durations of time were reallocated from one characteristic to another. MVPA (per 10 min/day increase; ? = -7.80, P < 0.01), LPA (per 30 min/day increase; ? = -0.29, P = 0.04), and sleep efficiency (? = -0.10, P = 0.04) were inversely associated with MetS z-score, while sedentary time (per 30 min/day increase; ? = 0.34, P = 0.01) was positively associated with MetS z-score. Reallocation of 5 min from MVPA to sleep, sedentary, or LPA resulted in the greatest predicted change in MetS z-score. On average, the reallocation of 5 min from MVPA to other characteristics predicted an 11% increase in triglycerides, 6% decrease in HDL-C, and 5% increase in waist circumference. Lastly, reallocating 30 min of sedentary time to LPA was associated with a modestly lower predicted MetS z-score. This study suggests that MVPA is the most important contributor of MetS and that maintaining MVPA and increasing LPA may be beneficial for reducing cardiometabolic risk among older women.
| S-EPMC7093830 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposePrevious studies have shown that microvascular dysfunction (MD) is associated with a number of cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity. Few studies have assessed microvascular reactivity in children, and in most of these, results were confounded by the effects of puberty. Our aim was to establish whether MD is already present in obese prepubertal children.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 52 obese, 18 overweight, and 28 eutrophic children, with a mean ± standard deviation age of 7.44 ± 1.22 years. We evaluated cardiovascular risk factors and nutritive microvascular function by using nailfold dynamic videocapillaroscopy and determined functional capillary density (FCD), red blood cell velocity at resting conditions (RBCV) and at peak (RBCVmax), and time to reach peak velocity during the post-occlusive reactive hyperemic response following 1 minute ischemia.ResultsOn univariate analysis, differences in microvascular reactivity were not observed among the groups. Obese and overweight children had significantly higher scores than eutrophic children for the following parameters: body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, mean arterial pressure, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, levels of insulin, leptin, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, uric acid, and C-reactive protein. Multivariate analysis demonstrated the association between metabolic, anthropometric, and microvascular variables, stratified according to the degree of adiposity and body fat distribution.ConclusionsUnivariate analysis did not show any difference in microvascular reactivity between groups but, by testing these variables by multivariate means, we noticed a common and direct variation between cardiovascular/metabolic risk factors and microvascular reactivity occurring early in life.
| S-EPMC5686770 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We examined the independent associations of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) with cardiometabolic indicators in Mexican children (4-6?years of age). We conducted a cross-sectional study (n = 400) using the measures of MVPA and ST (7-day accelerometry) and the following indicators: % body fat, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) z-score, glycated haemoglobin, blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, leptin, adiponectin and resting blood pressure. We examined the independent associations of MVPA and ST with cardiometabolic indicators through confounder-adjusted and mutually adjusted (including both MVPA and ST) linear regression models. Confounder-adjusted models showed that MVPA was associated with higher BMI z-scores and lower adiponectin levels in girls and lower body fat among boys. ST was associated with higher body fat, in the full sample, and lower LDL cholesterol among boys. After mutually adjusting for MVPA and ST, MVPA (10-minute increase) remained significantly associated with BMI z-score in girls (? = 0.187, 95% CI: 0.019, 0.356) and ST (60-minute increase) remained significantly associated with higher body fat (? = 1.11%, 95% CI: 0.019, 2.203) among boys and higher glycated haemoglobin (? = 0.047% points, 95% CI: 0.000, 0.094) in the full sample. In preschool-aged children, the objective measures of ST and MVPA were associated with small differences in cardiometabolic health indicators. ST was unfavourably associated with some cardiometabolic indicators even after adjusting for MVPA, and thus appeared to have a more significant role than MVPA, especially in boys. Future longitudinal studies should confirm these results.
| S-EPMC7375025 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although physical activity and screen time parenting practices influence children's behaviors, little work has examined how these practices work in combination. The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of physical activity and screen time parenting practices, and examine differences in preschool children's physical activity, sedentary behavior, and adiposity among the identified patterns. Data were collected in 2009-2012 from 319 parent-child dyads enrolled in a randomized trial testing a parent-focused obesity prevention intervention. At baseline, physical activity and screen time parenting practices were assessed using a validated self-report survey. Children's physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using accelerometers and child anthropometrics were objectively measured. Latent profile analyses identified patterns of physical activity and screen time parenting practices. Differences in child outcomes were tested among the identified classes. Three parent classes were identified: Rewarders (n = 165), Activity Supportive (n = 98), and Screen Time Permissive (n = 56). Rewarder parents were characterized by the highest scores on using physical activity and screen time to reward or control children's behavior. Activity Supportive parents generally had the highest scores on practices to promote physical activity, while Screen Time Permissive parents had the highest scores on practices facilitating screen time. There were no differences in the mean child physical activity, sedentary behavior or BMI z-score among the three classes. Findings revealed distinct classes of parents that could provide modifiable targets for family-based physical activity promotion, but more work is needed examining the influence of these patterns longitudinally and in different populations.
| S-EPMC7058893 | biostudies-literature