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The Effects of Gold Kiwifruit Intake Timing with or without Pericarp on Postprandial Blood Glucose Level.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine how gold kiwifruit pericarp (pericarp is defined as the skin of the fruit) consumption and the timing thereof affect the postprandial blood glucose profile. The study was conducted on twelve healthy volunteers (six men and six women). According to our results, the simultaneous intake of gold kiwifruit with bread and the prior intake of gold kiwifruit evidently suppressed the postprandial blood glucose elevation compared with exclusive bread intake. There was no significant difference in postprandial blood glucose changes between the ingestion of gold kiwifruit pericarp and pulp and that of gold kiwifruit pulp only. The highest postprandial blood glucose elevation was suppressed by 27.6% and the area under the blood glucose elevation curve by 29.3%, even with the exclusive ingestion of gold kiwifruit pulp. We predicted that the ingestion of both the pericarp and pulp of gold kiwifruit would reduce the postprandial blood glucose elevation to a greater extent than that of gold kiwifruit pulp only; however, there was no significant difference between the two. These results indicate that gold kiwifruit consumption significantly suppresses the postprandial blood glucose elevation regardless of pericarp presence or absence and the timing of ingestion.

SUBMITTER: Inoue Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8235107 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundMycoprotein is a high-fibre food previously shown to reduce postprandial glucose concentrations when ingested within a mixed-meal. We applied a dual stable isotope tracer approach to determine whether this is due to a reduced rate of appearance of glucose, in participants of ranging BMI.MethodsTwenty-four adults (F = 8, BMI 30 ± 6 kg·m-2) attended 2 trials in a double-blind, randomised, cross-over design. Participants ingested two energy and macronutrient matched milk-based drinks (enriched with 1000 mg [U-13C6] glucose in a subset of 12 participants), containing 50 g glucose and either 0 (CON) or 20 g (MYC) mycoprotein. A primed continuous intravenous infusion of D-[6,6-2H2] glucose determined plasma glucose kinetics over 6 h. Postprandial time-course, and AUC, of glucose and insulin concentration, rate of disappearance (RdT) and appearance of exogenous (RaEx), endogenous (EGP), and total (RaT) plasma glucose were assessed using two- and one-way ANOVA.ResultsDrink ingestion increased blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations (P < 0.05) and were comparable between conditions (P > 0.05). Both RaT and RdT were higher with MYC compared with CON over 6 h (mean 6 h glucose appearance and disappearance increased by 5 and 9%, respectively, P < 0.05). RaEx was not affected by MYC ingestion over 6 h (P > 0.05). The mean contribution of EGP to total glucose appearance was 15% greater with MYC, with a trend towards significance (P = 0.05). There was no relationship between BMI and the response to MYC ingestion for any of the variables (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe ingestion of mycoprotein within a mixed-meal impacted postprandial glucose kinetics, but not blood glucose or serum insulin concentrations, in individuals of ranging BMI.Clinical trial registry number and websiteThis trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04084639 and can be accessed at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04084639 .

Project description:BackgroundPostprandial oxidative stress markers in blood are generated transiently from various tissues and cells following high-fat and/or high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meals, and may be suppressed by certain phytonutrients, such as polyphenols and carotenoids. However, the transient presence of phytonutrients in circulation suggests that timing of consumption, relative to the meal, could be important. This systematic review investigates the effect of timing of phytonutrient intake on blood markers of postprandial oxidative processes.MethodEMBASE, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science were searched up to December 2020. Eligible studies met the criteria: 1) healthy human adults; 2) phytonutrient(s) consumed in solid form within 24 h of a HFHC meal; 3) postprandial measurements of oxidative stress or antioxidants in blood; and 4) controlled study design. Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated to compare studies.ResultsNine studies, involving 256 participants, were included. Phytonutrients were consumed either at the same time, 1 h before, or the day (>12 h) before a HFHC meal. Significant decreases in blood markers - plasma lipid hydroperoxides, plasma malondialdehyde, serum sNox2-dp, serum 8-iso-PGF2α, platelet p47phox phosphorylation, and Keap-1 and p47phox protein levels in mononuclear cells (MNCs) - were observed where the phytonutrient was consumed together with the challenge meal (n = 4). Lack of any effect on oxidative stress markers was observed where phytonutrients were consumed with (n = 1), 1 h before (n = 1), and the day before (n = 2) the HFHC meal.ConclusionPhytonutrients consumed with a HFHC meal significantly suppressed some markers of oxidative stress in blood. Although there were only a limited number of studies, it appears that suppression appeared effective at the time of peak phytonutrient concentration in plasma. However, further studies are required to confirm the observations and systematically optimise the effect of timing.

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The Effects of Gold Kiwifruit Intake Timing with or without Pericarp on Postprandial Blood Glucose Level.

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