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Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Dogs and cats.

ABSTRACT: In this opinion the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to dog and cat health have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected via an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play of antimicrobial resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus schleiferi, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridioides difficile, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium has been provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified S. pseudintermedius, E. coli and P. aeruginosa with > 90% certainty as the most relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, as well as their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions.

SUBMITTER: EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW)

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8237238 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Poultry.

Project description:In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to poultry health have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play is provided for: Avibacterium (Haemophilus) paragallinarum, Bordetella avium, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus cecorum, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Escherichia coli, Gallibacterium spp., Mycoplasma synoviae, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Pasteurella multocida, Riemerella anatipestifer and Staphylococcus aureus. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus cecorum with ≥ 66% certainty as being the most relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, and their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the Animal Health Law Framework, will be assessed in separate scientific opinions.

| S-EPMC8703241 | biostudies-literature

Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: cattle.

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| S-EPMC8662806 | biostudies-literature

Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: rabbits.

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| S-EPMC8696556 | biostudies-literature

Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Swine.

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| S-EPMC8703240 | biostudies-literature

Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Horses.

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| S-EPMC8703245 | biostudies-literature

Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: sheep and goats.

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| S-EPMC8649876 | biostudies-literature

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| S-EPMC8808658 | biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundCarbapenems are a class of antimicrobials reserved for resistant infections or systemically ill people, yet the extent and context in which they are prescribed in the small animals is understudied.Hypothesis/objectiveTo describe cases in dogs and cats treated with carbapenems to establish baseline data regarding the types of infections, outcomes, and resistance profiles of target infections. We hypothesize that prescribing practices for carbapenems at a veterinary tertiary care hospital would not comply with the recommended use guidelines in human medicine.MethodsRetrospective study of veterinary medical records from all dogs and cats prescribed carbapenems between May 1, 2016, and April 30, 2017.ResultsA total of 81 infections (71 in dogs and 10 in cats) representing 68 animals (58 dogs and 10 cats) involving carbapenem use were identified. Cultures were performed in 65/81 (80%) infections, and antimicrobial use was de-escalated or discontinued in 10/81 (12%) infections. The average duration of treatment was 27.5 days and ranged from 1 to 196 days. Resistance to more than 3 antimicrobial classes was present in 57/115 (50%) isolates. Resistance to carbapenems was found in 2/64 (3%) of the bacterial isolates with reported carbapenem susceptibility.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe majority of carbapenem use at a veterinary tertiary care hospital was prescribed in conjunction with culture and sensitivity determination, with de-escalation performed in a minority of cases, and treatment durations longer than typically recommended in human medicine.

| S-EPMC6639476 | biostudies-literature

Acquisition and carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms in dogs and cats presented to small animal practices and clinics in Switzerland.

Project description:BackgroundThe emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) present a threat to human and animal health.ObjectivesTo assess acquisition, prevalence of and risk factors for MDRO carriage in dogs and cats presented to veterinary clinics or practices in Switzerland.AnimalsPrivately owned dogs (n = 183) and cats (n = 88) presented to 4 veterinary hospitals and 1 practice.MethodsProspective, longitudinal, observational study. Oronasal and rectal swabs were collected at presentation and 69% of animals were sampled again at discharge. Methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci and macrococci, cephalosporinase-, and carbapenemase-producing (CP) Enterobacterales were isolated. Genetic relatedness of isolates was assessed by repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing. Risk factors for MDRO acquisition and carriage were analyzed based on questionnaire-derived and hospitalization data.ResultsAdmission prevalence of MDRO carriage in pets was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.4-20.4). The discharge prevalence and acquisition rates were 32.1% (95% CI, 25.5-39.3) and 28.3% (95% CI, 22-35.4), respectively. Predominant hospital-acquired isolates were extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E coli; 17.3%) and β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%). At 1 institution, a cluster of 24 highly genetically related CP (blaoxa181 and blaoxa48 ) was identified. Multivariate analysis identified hospitalization at clinic 1 (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% CI, 1.6-16.8) and days of hospitalization (OR 3-5 days, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.8-10.9; OR > 5 days, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.3-28.8) as risk factors for MDRO acquisition in dogs.ConclusionsVeterinary hospitals play an important role in the selection and transmission of MDRO among veterinary patients.

| S-EPMC7995377 | biostudies-literature

Cationic Silver Nanoclusters as Potent Antimicrobials against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.

Project description:Bacterial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious healthcare issue caused by the long-term subtherapeutic clinical treatment of infectious diseases. Nanoscale engineering of metal nanoparticles has great potential to address this issue by tuning the nano-bio interface to target bacteria. Herein, we report the use of branched polyethylenimine-functionalized silver nanoclusters (bPEI-Ag NCs) to selectively kill MDR pathogenic bacteria by combining the antimicrobial activity of silver with the selective toxicity of bPEI toward bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of bPEI-Ag NCs was determined against 12 uropathogenic MDR strains and found to be 10- to 15-fold lower than that of PEI and 2- to 3-fold lower than that of AgNO3 alone. Cell viability and hemolysis assays demonstrated the biocompatibility of bPEI-Ag NCs with human fibroblasts and red blood cells, with selective toxicity against MDR bacteria.

| S-EPMC6312629 | biostudies-literature

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