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SARS-CoV-2 first contact: Spike-ACE2 interactions in COVID-19.

ABSTRACT: The full-length human ACE2 in complex with B⁰ AT1 is anchored to two S in open pre-fusion state which allows establishing pre-invasion interactions with the ACE2 N-terminal domain.

SUBMITTER: Nesci S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8239675 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances MAP4K3/GLK-induced ACE2 stability in COVID-19

Project description:ACE2 on epithelial cells is the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. Single-cell RNA-sequencing data derived from two COVID-19 cohorts revealed that MAP4K3/GLK-positive epithelial cells were increased in patients. SARS-CoV-2-induced GLK overexpression in epithelial cells correlated with COVID-19 severity and vesicle secretion. GLK overexpression induced the epithelial cell-derived exosomes containing ACE2; the GLK-induced exosomes transported ACE2 proteins to recipient cells, facilitating pseudovirus infection. Consistently, ACE2 proteins were increased in the serum exosomes from another COVID-19 cohort. Remarkably, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein stimulated GLK, and GLK stabilized ACE2 in epithelial cells. Mechanistically, GLK phosphorylated ACE2 at two serine residues (Ser776, Ser783), leading to dissociation of ACE2 from its E3 ligase UBR4. Reduction of UBR4-induced Lys48-linked ubiquitination at three lysine residues (Lys26, Lys112, Lys114) of ACE2 prevented its degradation. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus or live virus infection in humanized ACE2 mice induced GLK and ACE2 protein levels, as well as ACE2-containing exosomes. Collectively, ACE2 stabilization by SARS-CoV-2-induced MAP4K3/GLK may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19.

| S-SCDT-EMM-2022-15904 | biostudies-other

mouse ACE2 receptor bound to SARS-CoV-2 variant Beta Spike