Trends in Respiratory Virus Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore, 2020.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wan WY
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8239970 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Trends in Respiratory Virus Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore, 2020.
Wan Wei Yee WY Thoon Koh Cheng KC Loo Liat Hui LH Chan Kian Sing KS Oon Lynette L E LLE Ramasamy Adaikalavan A Maiwald Matthias M
JAMA network open 20210601 6
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Project description:Background: The Covid-19 pandemic compelled the implementation of measures to curb the SARS CoV-2 spread, such as social distancing, wearing FFP2 masks, and frequent hand hygiene. One anticipated ramification of these measures was the containment of other pathogens. This prospective, longitudinal study aimed to investigate the spread of 22 common seasonal non-SARS-CoV-2 pathogens, such as RSV and influenza, among children with an acute respiratory infection during a pandemic. Methods: Three hundred ninety children (0-24 months) admitted to Vienna's largest pediatric center with acute respiratory infection (November 2020-April 2021) were included in this study. The researchers tested nasal swabs for 22 respiratory pathogens by Multiplex PCR, documented clinical features and treatment, and evaluated data for a potential connection with the lockdown measures then in force. Results: The 448 smears revealed the most common pathogens to be rhino-/enterovirus (41.4%), adenovirus (2.2%), and coronavirus NL63 (13.6%). While the first two were active throughout the entire season, coronaviruses peaked in the first trimester of 2021 in conjunction with the lift of the lockdown period (OR 4.371, 95%CI 2.34-8.136, P < 0.001). RSV, metapneumovirus, and influenza were absent. Conclusion: This prospective, longitudinal study shows that Covid-19 measures suppressed the seasonal activity of influenza, RSV, and metapneumovirus among very young children, but not of rhino-/enterovirus and adenovirus. The 0-24 month-olds are considered the lowest risk group and were only indirectly affected by the public health measures. Lockdowns were negatively associated with coronaviruses infections.
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Project description:Under the strict quarantine policy imposed to combat the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic in Japan, the prevalence of respiratory infections by viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been largely unknown. However, such information on viral circulation is important in order to develop better management policies that are based on scientific data. Here, we retrospectively investigated respiratory virus infections in individuals who visited a community hospital with respiratory symptoms between June of 2020 and September of 2021 with the use of the BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2.1. Virus was detected in 65 out of a total of 328 subjects, with SARS-CoV-2 (67.7%), rhino/enterovirus (18.5%), and parainfluenza virus 3 (7.7%) accounting for most of the infections. No influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections were detected. The monthly cases of rhino/enterovirus infection were highest from winter to spring, with this temporal pattern differing from that of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 was detected more frequently (P < 0.001) in subjects with cough (31/104 cases, 29.8%) than in those without cough (13/224 cases, 5.8%), suggesting that cough might contribute to the prediction of COVID-19. Our findings also suggest that testing for rhino/enterovirus and parainfluenza virus 3, in addition to SARS-CoV-2, may be important for the rigorous diagnosis of respiratory virus infections. IMPORTANCE Influenza virus, RSV, adenovirus, and rhino/enterovirus were the major respiratory viruses before COVID-19 pandemic. Circulating respiratory viruses may have been affected by our strong quarantine policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. We checked the circulating respiratory viruses from our outpatients by using a multiplex PCR kit that had recently been released. SARS-CoV-2 was the most frequently detected virus, and it was followed by rhino/enterovirus and parainfluenza virus 3. No influenza virus or RSV infections were detected during our study period, suggesting that influenza virus and RSV became almost extinct. COVID-19 cases frequently experienced cough, and this frequency was statistically significantly higher than that observed in the cases without SARS-CoV-2 detection. The cough can be an indicator of COVID-19.
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Project description:Background/purposeThe outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to unprecedented impact on mental health globally. Recent empirical data however, indicated that suicide rates in many countries remained unchanged or even decreased. Existing studies assessed the overall rates and did not stratify by age-subgroups.MethodsWe used an interrupted time-series analysis to model the age-stratified (<25, 25-44, 45-64, ≥65) trends in monthly suicide rates before (January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2019) and after (January 1st 2020 to December 31st 2020) the outbreak of COVID-19 in Taiwan.ResultsWe found a slight decrease in overall suicide rates after the outbreak (annual average rates were 16.4 and 15.5 per 100,000 population, respectively, p = 0.05). Age-stratified analysis indicated that suicide rates increased in younger (<25) and decreased in the middle age group (25-64 years). In older age groups (≥65), an immediate rate decrease was observed followed by a sustained upward trend during the onset of the pandemic.ConclusionAlthough an overall decrease in annual suicide rates was found after the outbreak, the age-specific subgroup analysis reveals a more nuanced picture. Stratified analysis is crucial to identify vulnerable subgroups in the midst of the pandemic.
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Project description:ObjectiveTo determine if non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) impacted on respiratory virus detections in Queensland, Australia, during the COVID-19 pandemic year of 2020.MethodsWe analysed weekly counts of influenza, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus available from a Queensland laboratory network for the year 2020. These were compared with averaged counts from 2015 to 2019.ResultsOverall, 686,199 tests were performed. The timing of NPI implementation was associated with a sharp and sustained decline in influenza, where during the typical annual influenza season (weeks 23-40) no cases were detected from 163,296 tests compared with an average of 26.1% (11,844/45,396) of tests positive in 2015-2019. Similar results were observed for human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza. Respiratory syncytial virus detections also declined but increased in weeks 48-52 (5.6%; 562/10,078) to exceed the 2015-2019 average (2.9%; 150/5,018). Rhinovirus detections increased after schools reopened, peaking in weeks 23-27 (57.4%; 36,228/63,115), exceeding the 2017-2019 detections during that period (21.9%; 8,365/38,072).ConclusionsNPIs implemented to control COVID-19 were associated with altered frequency and proportions of respiratory virus detections. Implications for public health: NPIs derived from influenza pandemic plans were associated with profound decreases in influenza detections during 2020.
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Project description:Hospitalizations involving fungal infections increased 8.5% each year in the United States during 2019-2021. During 2020-2021, patients hospitalized with COVID-19-associated fungal infections had higher (48.5%) in-hospital mortality rates than those with non-COVID-19-associated fungal infections (12.3%). Improved fungal disease surveillance is needed, particularly during respiratory virus pandemics.
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| S-BSST1055 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background/aimsStudies on the effectiveness of public health measures to prevent respiratory virus transmission in real-world settings are lacking. We investigated the effectiveness of universal mask use and adherence to other personal preventive measures on the changing viral respiratory infection patterns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsData were extracted from the South Korean National Respiratory Virus Sentinel Surveillance System. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a cross-sectional survey on adherence to personal preventive measures was conducted. Additionally, the number of subway passengers was analyzed to estimate physical distancing compliance.ResultsDuring the pandemic, adherence to personal preventive measures significantly increased, particularly indoors and on public transportation. Respiratory virus trends were compared based on laboratory surveillance data of 47,675 patients with acute respiratory infections (2016 to 2020). The 2019 to 2020 influenza epidemic ended within 3 weeks, from the epidemic peak to the epidemic end, quickly ending the inf luenza season; with a 1.8- to 2.5-fold faster decline than in previous seasons. Previously, the overall respiratory virus positivity rate remained high after the influenza seasons had ended (47.7% to 69.9%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, this positive rate, 26.5%, was significantly lower than those in previous years. Hospital-based surveillance showed a decreased number of hospitalized patients with acute viral respiratory illnesses.ConclusionThis study suggests that high compliance to the use of personal preventive measures in public might reduce the incidence of all respiratory virus infections and its hospitalization rates, with no additional quarantine, isolation, or contact screening.
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