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Impact of Previous Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Immune Response After a Single Dose of BNT162b2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine.

ABSTRACT: Immune response after a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine was markedly increased in subjects with previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, reaching similar immunoglobulin titers to those elicited by the full 2 doses in naive cases, and increased modestly after the second dose. These data may inform the priority of the boosting dose.

SUBMITTER: Velasco M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8244747 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of Previous Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Immune Response After a Single Dose of BNT162b2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine.

Velasco María M Galán Maria Isabel MI Casas Maria Luisa ML Pérez-Fernández Elia E Martínez-Ponce Diana D González-Piñeiro Beatriz B Castilla Virgilio V Guijarro Carlos C

Open forum infectious diseases 20210604 7

Immune response after a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine was markedly increased in subjects with previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, reaching similar immunoglobulin titers to those elicited by the full 2 doses in naive cases, and increased modestly after the second dose. These data may inform the priority of the boosting dose. ...[more]

PMID: 34258322

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Project description:BackgroundLonger-term immune response data after 3 doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine remain limited, particularly among older adults and after Omicron breakthrough infection.MethodsWe quantified wild-type- and Omicron-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 displacement activities, and live virus neutralization up to 6 months after third dose in 116 adults aged 24-98 years who remained COVID-19 naive or experienced their first severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during this time.ResultsAmong the 78 participants who remained COVID-19 naive throughout follow up, wild-type- and Omicron-BA.1-specific IgG concentrations were comparable between younger and older adults, although BA.1-specific responses were consistently significantly lower than wild-type-specific responses in both groups. Wild-type- and BA.1-specific IgG concentrations declined at similar rates in COVID-19-naive younger and older adults, with median half-lives ranging from 69 to 78 days. Antiviral antibody functions declined substantially over time in COVID-19-naive individuals, particularly in older adults: by 6 months, BA.1-specific neutralization was undetectable in 96% of older adults, versus 56% of younger adults. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, experienced by 38 participants, boosted IgG levels and neutralization above those induced by vaccination alone. Nevertheless, BA.1-specific neutralization remained significantly lower than wild-type, with BA.5-specific neutralization lower still. Higher Omicron BA.1-specific neutralization 1 month after third dose was an independent correlate of lower SARS-CoV-2 infection risk.ConclusionsResults underscore the immune benefits of the third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose in adults of all ages and identify vaccine-induced Omicron-specific neutralization as a correlate of protective immunity. Systemic antibody responses and functions however, particularly Omicron-specific neutralization, decline rapidly in COVID-19-naive individuals, particularly in older adults, supporting the need for additional booster doses.

Dataset Information

Impact of Previous Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Immune Response After a Single Dose of BNT162b2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine.

Publications

Impact of Previous Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Immune Response After a Single Dose of BNT162b2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine.

Similar Datasets

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