Comparative study of growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal and fecal bacterial community between yaks and cattle-yaks raised by stall-feeding.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Dai Q
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8245608 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet supplementation with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on ruminal parameters, nutrient digestibility, and the inflammatory response in cattle fed grain-based diets. Three Holstein steers (body weight of 497±3 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The animals were kept in individual pens and fed a diet containing 5% sugarcane bagasse and 95% concentrate (906.5 g/kg ground corn). Diet treatments were Control (without additive), Yeast (1.5 g/kg DM live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, NCYC 996) and MOS (1.5 g/kg DM MOS, ?-glucans and mannan). Dry matter intake, ruminal, intestinal, and total digestibility of nutrients were not affected by the treatments. The ruminal concentration of isobutyric acid increased in animals fed on diets supplemented with Yeast and MOS, whereas isovaleric acid increased with Yeast and decreased with MOS supplementation. Dietary supplementation with Yeast and MOS increased pH and decreased ammonia concentration in the rumen. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in the rumen and duodenal fluid were not influenced by the additives. However, both Yeast and MOS decreased the plasma levels of LPS and serum amyloid A (SAA). In conclusion, when high-concentrate diets fed to beef cattle are supplemented with either Yeast or MOS, ruminal pH is increased, LPS translocation into the blood stream is decreased, and blood SAA concentration is decreased. These factors reduce the inflammation caused by consumption of grain-based diets, and either supplement could be used to improve the rumen environment in beef cattle susceptible to ruminal subacute acidosis.
| S-EPMC6241129 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThis study was conducted to assess the effect of mixed isoacid (MI) supplementation on fermentation characteristics, nutrient apparent digestibility, growth performance, and rumen bacterial community in yaks.MethodsA 72-h in vitro fermentation experiment was performed on an ANKOM RF gas production system. MI was added to five treatments at doses of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% on the dry matter (DM) basis of substrates using a total of 26 bottles (4 bottles per treatment and 2 bottles as the blank). Cumulative gas production was measured at 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. Fermentation characteristics including pH, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbial proteins (MCP), and the disappearance rate of dry matter (DMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) were measured after a 72-h in vitro fermentation to determine an optimal MI dose. Fourteen Maiwa male yaks (180-220 kg, 3-4 years old of age) were randomly assigned to the control group (without MI, n = 7) and the supplemented MI group (n = 7, supplemented with 0.3% MI on DM basis) for the 85-d animal experiment. Growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen bacterial diversity were measured.ResultsSupplementation with 0.3% MI achieved the greatest propionate and butyrate content, NDFD and ADFD compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, 0.3% was used for the animal experiment. Supplementation with 0.3% MI significantly increased the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF (P < 0.05), and the average daily weight gain of yaks (P < 0.05) without affecting the ruminal concentration of NH3-N, MCP, and VFAs. 0.3% MI induced rumen bacteria to form significantly different communities when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). g__norank_f__Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group, g__norank_f__Muribaculaceae, g__Veillonellaceae_UCG-001, g__Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39 and g__Flexilinea were identified as the biomarker taxa in responding to supplementation with 0.3% MI. Meanwhile, the abundance of g__Flexilinea and g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39 were significantly positively correlated with the NDF digestibility (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, supplementation with 0.3% MI improved the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, feed fiber digestibility, and growth performance in yaks, which was associated with changes of the abundance of g__Flexilinea and g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39.
| S-EPMC10311502 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Beef cattle are key contributors to meat production and represent critical drivers of the global agricultural economy. In Brazil, beef cattle are reared in tropical pastures and finished in feedlot systems. The introduction of cattle into a feedlot includes a period where they adapt to high-concentrate diets. This adaptation period is critical to the success of incoming cattle, as they must adjust to both a new diet and environment. Incoming animals are typically reared on a variety of diets, ranging from poor quality grasses to grazing systems supplemented with concentrate feedstuffs. These disparate pre-adaptation diets present a challenge, and here, we sought to understand this process by evaluating the adaptation of Nellore calves raised on either grazing on poor quality grasses (restriction diet) or grazing systems supplemented with concentrate (concentrate diet). Given that nutrient provisioning from the diet is the sole responsibility of the ruminal microbial community, we measured the impact of this dietary shift on feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation pattern, ruminal bacterial community composition (BCC), and total tract digestibility. Six cannulated Nellore bulls were randomly assigned to two 3 × 3 Latin squares, and received a control, restriction, or concentrate diet. All cohorts were then fed the same adaptation diet to mimic a standard feedlot. Ruminal BCC was determined using Illumina-based 16S rRNA amplicon community sequencing. We found that concentrate-fed cattle had greater dry matter intake (P < 0.01) than restricted animals. Likewise, cattle fed concentrate had greater (P = 0.02) propionate concentration during the adaptation phase than control animals and a lower Shannon's diversity (P = 0.02), relative to the restricted animals. We also found that these animals had lower (P = 0.04) relative abundances of Fibrobacter succinogenes when compared to control animals during the pre-adaptation phase and lower abundances of bacteria within the Succinivibrio during the finishing phase, when compared to the control animals (P = 0.05). Finally, we found that animals previously exposed to concentrate were able to better adapt to high-concentrate diets when compared to restricted animals. Our study presents the first investigation of the impact of pre-adaptation diet on ruminal BCC and metabolism of bulls during the adaptation period. We suggest that these results may be useful for planning adaptation protocols of bulls entering the feedlot system and thereby improve animal production.
| S-EPMC7412545 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMannan oligosaccharides (MOS) are a promising feed additive in animal husbandry due to mainly improving animal health status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of MOS on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and twelve hematological parameters in sheep.MethodsNinety-six healthy Hu rams with similar body weights were chosen and divided into four treatment groups (twenty-four rams in each group), in which four different doses of MOS were tested: 0%, 0.8%, 1.6% and 2.4% of the basal diet (on an as-fed basis).ResultsThe results showed that supplementation dietary MOS did not affect feed intake, body weight, average daily weight gain, or ruminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration; the ratio of individual fatty acids to total SCFAs, the C2/C3 ratio, and the hematological parameters in the sheep were also unaltered (P > 0.05). Conversely, supplementation dietary MOS increased the dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash apparent digestibility (P < 0.05), and decreased the ruminal ammonia concentration in the sheep (P < 0.05), especially at a dose of 1.6%.ConclusionsThis indicates that supplementation dietary MOS improved nutrient utilization by the sheep and nitrogen metabolism in the rumen; however, the effects are too slight to interfere with the basal metabolism in the sheep.
| S-EPMC8254473 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We examined the effects of two direct-fed microbials (DFM) containing multiple microbial species and their fermentation products on energy status, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, and metabolome of beef steers. Nine ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (mean ± SD body weight: 243 ± 12.4 kg) were assigned to three treatments arranged in a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were 1) control (CON; basal diet), 2) Commence (PROB; basal diet plus 19 g/d of Commence), and 3) RX3 (SYNB; basal diet plus 28 g/d of RX3). Commence and RX3 are both multispecies DFM products. From day 16 to 20 of each period, feed and fecal samples were collected daily to determine the apparent total tract digestibilities of nutrients using indigestible neutral detergent fiber method. On day 21 of each period, blood samples were collected for analysis of plasma glucose and nonesterified fatty acid. Ruminal contents were collected at approximately 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 h after feeding on day 21 for analysis of volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactate, ammonia-N concentrations, bacterial community, and metabolome profile. Total tract digestibilities of nutrients did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Compared with CON, steers fed either supplemental PROB or SYNB had greater (P = 0.04) plasma glucose concentrations. Compared with CON, total ruminal VFA, propionate, isovalerate, and valerate concentrations increased (P ≤ 0.05) or tended to increase (P ≤ 0.10) with either supplemental PROB or SYNB, but were not different (P > 0.05) between PROB and SYNB. Compared with CON, PROB reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 but increased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9, Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001, Succiniclasticum, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-002. Supplemental SYNB decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 but increased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 7, Succinivibrio, Succiniclasticum, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014. Compared with CON, metabolome analysis revealed that some amino acids were increased (P ≤ 0.05) in steers fed PROB. This study demonstrated that, compared with CON, supplementation of either PROB or SYNB altered the ruminal bacterial community and metabolome differently; however, their effects on the ruminal VFA profile and energy status of the steers were not different from each other.
| S-EPMC7461626 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The change in the feeding system can greatly improve the growth performance of the yak (Bos grunniens), an important livestock species in the plateau region. Here, we comprehensively compared the effects of different feeding systems on the growth performance and ruminal development of yaks, and investigated the effects of ruminal microorganisms and metabolites using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) technologies. We found that compared to traditional grazing feeding, house feeding significantly improved the growth performance (such as average daily gain and net meat weight) and rumen development of the yaks. At the genus level, the abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 Gut group, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 showed significant differences and was closely related to rumen development in the two distinct feeding systems. Also, metabolomics revealed that the change in the feeding system significantly affected the concentration and metabolic pathways of the related rumen metabolites. The metabolites with significant differences were significantly enriched in purine metabolism (xanthine, adenine, inosine, etc.), tyrosine metabolism (L-tyrosine, dopaquinone, etc.), phenylalanine metabolism (dihydro-3-caumaric acid, hippuric acid, etc.), and cAMP signaling pathway [acetylcholine, (-)-epinephrine, etc.]. This study scientifically support the house fattening feeding system for yaks. Also, our results provide new insights into the composition and function of microbial communities that promote ruminal development and in general growth of the yaks.
| S-EPMC8265505 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal constituents of sheep in response to the addition of increasing levels of babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) to the diet. Twenty crossbred sheep (29.17 ± 2.23 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design. Lambs were confined for 21 days, with 16 days for diet adaptation and 5 days for data collection, in which they were fed an isonitrogenous diet (16.5 ± 0.2 CP, DM basis) containing 70% of concentrate and 30% (DM basis) of Tifton 85 hay. Increasing levels of BMF were 0, 10, 20, and 30% (DM basis). There was a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on the DM intake, nutrients intake, and digestibility of CP and NFC. The digestibility of DM, OM, TC, and NDF decreased linearly, while EE digestibility increased linearly with increasing levels of BMF. The high NDF content presented in the chemical composition of the babassu mesocarp flour ranked the same as fibrous food, which can limit the inclusion in the diet of high production animals. So, babassu mesocarp flour is an alternative for energy source in lambs feed and can be added at levels up to 10%.
| S-EPMC5124479 | biostudies-other
Project description:Human-grade (HG) pet foods are commercially available, but they have not been well studied. Our objective was to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of HG pet foods and evaluate their effects on fecal characteristics, microbiota, and metabolites, serum metabolites, and hematology of dogs. Twelve dogs (mean age = 5.5 ± 1.0; BW = 11.6 ± 1.6 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design (n = 12/treatment). The diets included 1) Chicken and Brown Rice Recipe (extruded; Blue Buffalo); 2) Roasted Meals Tender Chicken Recipe (fresh; Freshpet); 3) Beef and Russet Potato Recipe (HG beef; JustFoodForDogs); and 4) Chicken and White Rice Recipe (HG chicken; JustFoodForDogs). Each period consisted of 28 d, with a 6-d diet transition phase, 16 d of consuming 100% of the diet, a 5-d phase for fecal collection, and 1 d for blood collection. All data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4. Dogs fed the extruded diet required a higher (P < 0.05) daily food intake (dry matter basis, DMB) to maintain BW. The ATTD of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), energy, and acid-hydrolyzed fat (AHF) were greater (P < 0.05) in dogs fed the HG diets than those fed the fresh diet, and greater (P < 0.05) in dogs fed the fresh diet than those fed the extruded diet. Crude protein ATTD was lower (P < 0.05) for dogs fed the extruded diet than those fed all other diets. Dogs fed the extruded diet had greater (P < 0.05) fecal output (as-is; DMB) than dogs fed fresh (1.5-1.7 times greater) or HG foods (2.0-2.9 times greater). There were no differences in fecal pH, scores, and metabolites, but microbiota were affected by diet. Dogs fed HG beef had higher (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and lower (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Firmicutes than dogs fed the fresh or HG chicken diets. The Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes phyla were unchanged (P > 0.05), but diet modified the relative abundance of nearly 20 bacterial genera. Similar to previous reports, these data demonstrate that the fecal microbiota of dogs fed HG or fresh diets is markedly different than those consuming extruded diets, likely due to ingredient, nutrient, and processing differences. Serum metabolites and hematology were not greatly affected by diet. In conclusion, the HG pet foods tested resulted in significantly reduced fecal output, were highly digestible, maintained fecal characteristics, serum chemistry, and hematology, and modified the fecal microbiota of dogs.
| S-EPMC8611730 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aimed to assess the effects of feeding with different forage sources and starter concentrations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and the microbial community in weaned Holstein calves. A total of 54 Holstein calves (body weight (BW) = 77.50 ± 5.07 kg; age = 70 ± 2.54 days) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups (n = 18/group) that were offered diets with different forages: (1) peanut vine (PV), (2) oat hay (OH), or (3) an alfalfa hay + oat hay combination (alfalfa hay:oat hay =1:1, AO). Starter and forage intakes were recorded daily, while BW and growth parameters were assessed at 15-day intervals. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was determined. Ruminal fluid samples were collected and used to detect relevant indicators. A difference was observed for the forage × age interaction for all feed, nutrient intake, BW, ADG, and body structure parameters (P < 0.05). The final BW, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and average daily gain of the PV calves were higher than those of calves from the other groups (P < 0.05). The ruminal propionate concentration evidently increased in calves of the AO group (P < 0.05). The abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Shuttleworthia showed distinct responses to feeding with different forages (P < 0.05) at the genus level. The relative abundance of Shuttleworthia was negatively related to rumen pH and acid detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.05) and strongly positively related to propionate concentration (P < 0.01). A positive correlation was found between Ruminococcus_1 abundance and butyrate concentration and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Prevotella_7 were negatively related to butyrate concentration (P < 0.05). In conclusion, there was an interaction between the factors (forage × age). The peanut vine used as a forage source promoted a higher starter concentrate intake compared to other diets and increased with the calves' age. The growth performance and rumen bacterial community of the calves were further improved. These results indicate that peanut vine can be used as the main source of forage in the diets of weaned calves.
| S-EPMC9315432 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective was to quantify the effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist (β-AA) ractopamine hydrochloride (Actogain, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) on nitrogen excretion and nutrient digestibility in feedlot cattle. In experiment 1, 12 Simmental × Angus steers were blocked by bodyweight (531 ± 16 kg) and used in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments included: 1) a control without β-AA (CON) or 2) 400 mg/steer/d ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) for 35 d before slaughter. Diets contained (DM basis) 55% dry-rolled corn, 20% corn silage, 15% modified wet distillers grains with soluble, and 10% supplement. For each block, total collection of feed, orts, feces, and urine were conducted for two 5 d sampling periods during week 2 and 4 of RAC supplementation. No interaction (P > 0.21) between treatment and collection period was observed for any parameter evaluated. Dietary treatment had no effect (P = 0.51) on DMI, but RAC had decreased fecal DM output (P = 0.04) compared with CON. Thus, RAC had greater apparent total tract DM digestibility (77.2 vs. 73.5%; P < 0.01), N digestibility (72.4 vs. 69.4%; P = 0.01), and NDF digestibility (65.6 vs. 60.2%; P < 0.01) than CON. Although treatment did not affect nitrogen intake (P = 0.52), RAC tended to reduce total nitrogen excretion (113.3 vs. 126.7 g/d; P = 0.10) compared with CON due to a tendency for decreased fecal nitrogen output (53.9 vs. 61.3 g/d; P = 0.10). However, dietary treatment had no effect (P = 0.53) on urinary nitrogen output or percentage of urinary nitrogen excreted as urea (P = 0.28). Experiment 2 was an in vitro experiment conducted to validate the effects of RAC on nutrient digestibility using Simmental × Angus heifers (451 ± 50 kg). Rumen fluid was collected individually by stomach tube from CON- (n = 9) and RAC-fed (n = 10) heifers to inoculate bottles containing a CON or RAC-containing substrate in a split-plot design. No interaction between rumen fluid source and in vitro substrate was observed. Greater IVDMD (P = 0.01) was observed in rumen fluid from RAC-fed heifers compared with rumen fluid from CON-fed heifers. The inclusion of RAC in the in vitro substrate increased IVDMD (P < 0.01). Overall, feeding RAC increased microbial digestion of the dry-rolled corn-based finishing diet to increase total tract dry mater digestion by 5% and reduce nitrogen excretion by 10.6% in the 35 d period prior to slaughter.
| S-EPMC8628867 | biostudies-literature