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Spatiotemporal and seasonal dynamics in the microbial communities of a landfill-leachate contaminated aquifer.

ABSTRACT: The microbiome of an aquifer contaminated by landfill leachate and undergoing intrinsic remediation was characterised using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. The archaeal/bacterial V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq, and multivariate statistics were applied to make inferences. Results indicate that the aquifer recharge and aquifer sediment samples harbour different microbial communities compared to the groundwater samples. While Proteobacteria dominated both the recharge and groundwater samples, Acidobacteria dominated the aquifer sediment. The most abundant genera detected from the contaminated aquifer were Polynucleobacter, Rhodoferax, Pedobacter, Brevundimonas, Pseudomonas, Undibacterium, Sulfurifustis, Janthinobacterium, Rhodanobacter, Methylobacter and Aquabacterium. The result also shows that the microbial communities of the groundwater varied spatially, seasonally and interannually, although the interannual variation was significant for only one of the wells. Variation partitioning analysis indicates that water chemistry and well distance are intercorrelated and they jointly accounted for most of the variation in microbial composition. This implies that the species composition and water chemistry characteristics have a similar spatial structuring, presumably caused by the landfill leachate plume. The study improves our understanding of the dynamics in subsurface microbial communities in space and time.

SUBMITTER: Abiriga D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8247425 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Knowledge about the relationship between microbial community structure and hydrogeochemistry (e.g., pollution, redox and degradation processes) in landfill leachate-polluted aquifers is required to develop tools for predicting and monitoring natural attenuation. In this study analyses of pollutant and redox chemistry were conducted in parallel with culture-independent profiling of microbial communities present in a well-defined aquifer (Banisveld, The Netherlands). Degradation of organic contaminants occurred under iron-reducing conditions in the plume of pollution, while upstream of the landfill and above the plume denitrification was the dominant redox process. Beneath the plume iron reduction occurred. Numerical comparison of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of Bacteria and Archaea in 29 groundwater samples revealed a clear difference between the microbial community structures inside and outside the contaminant plume. A similar relationship was not evident in sediment samples. DGGE data were supported by sequencing cloned 16S rDNA. Upstream of the landfill members of the beta subclass of the class Proteobacteria (beta-proteobacteria) dominated. This group was not encountered beneath the landfill, where gram-positive bacteria dominated. Further downstream the contribution of gram-positive bacteria to the clone library decreased, while the contribution of delta-proteobacteria strongly increased and beta-proteobacteria reappeared. The beta-proteobacteria (Acidovorax, Rhodoferax) differed considerably from those found upstream (Gallionella, Azoarcus). Direct comparisons of cloned 16S rDNA with bands in DGGE profiles revealed that the data from each analysis were comparable. A relationship was observed between the dominant redox processes and the bacteria identified. In the iron-reducing plume members of the family Geobacteraceae made a strong contribution to the microbial communities. Because the only known aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading, iron-reducing bacteria are Geobacter spp., their occurrence in landfill leachate-contaminated aquifers deserves more detailed consideration.

Dataset Information

Spatiotemporal and seasonal dynamics in the microbial communities of a landfill-leachate contaminated aquifer.

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