A Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Signature in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhang Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8249947 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy of the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma are common HNSCC subtypes. Patients with metastatic HNSCC have a poor prognosis. Therefore, identifying molecular markers for the development and progression of HNSCC is essential for improving early diagnosis and predicting patient outcomes. Methods: Gene expression RNA-Seq data and patient clinical traits were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-HNSC) and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) screening was performed using the TCGA-HNSC dataset. Intersection analysis between the DEGs and a list of core matrisome genes obtained from the Matrisome Project was used to identify differentially expressed matrisome genes. A prognostic model was established using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Immune landscape analysis was performed based on the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, prognostic value, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and gene mutation analyses. Immunohistochemical results regarding prognostic protein levels were obtained from the Human Protein Atlas. Single-gene RNA-sequencing data were obtained from GSE150321 and GSE172577 datasets. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to confirm cell proliferation and migration. Results: A total of 1,779 DEGs, including 939 upregulated and 840 downregulated genes, between tumor and normal samples were identified using the TCGA-HNSC microarray data. Intersection analysis revealed 52 differentially expressed matrisome-related genes. After performing univariate and multivariate Cox regression and LASSO analyses, a novel prognostic model based on six matrisome genes (FN1, LAMB4, LAMB3, DMP1, CHAD, and MMRN1) for HNSCC was established. This risk model can successfully predict HNSCC survival. The high-risk group had worse prognoses and higher enrichment of pathways related to cancer development than the low-risk group. Silencing LAMB4 in HNSCC cell lines promoted cell proliferation and migration. Conclusion: This study provides a novel prognostic model for HNSCC. Thus, FN1, LAMB4, LAMB3, DMP1, CHAD, and MMRN1 may be the promising biomarkers for clinical practice.
| S-EPMC9445128 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDeciphering the immune characteristics within tumors and identifying the immune signals related to the prognostic factor are helpful for the treatment and management of tumor patients. However, systematic analysis of immune signatures in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains largely unstudied.MethodsA total of 718 immune-related genes were extracted from RNA sequencing data from 519 HNSCC patients in the TCGA database, and survival analysis with integrated bioinformatics analyses was performed to build the final predictive prognosis model.ResultsThe 178 survival-associated genes (P < 0.05) participated in important immune functions, including immune cell activation and migration. Multivariate regression analysis using 93 genes (P < 0.01), together with survival-associated clinicopathological parameters, identified 35 independent prognostic factors. The most significant 8 independent factors were CD3E, CD40LG, TNFRSF4, CD3G, CD5, ITGA2B, ABCB1, and TNFRSF13b. The final prognostic model achieved outstanding predictive efficiency with the highest AUC of 0.963.ConclusionOur prognostic model based on the immune signature could effectively predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients, providing novel predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for HNSCC patients.
| S-EPMC7593737 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an extremely heterogeneous malignant cancer with poor prognosis. Pyroptosis is defined as a novel inflammation-dependent programmed cell death. However, the pyroptosis-associated gene expression in HNSCC and their relationship with prognosis are still indistinct.Material and methodsWe acquired the mRNA expression information of HNSCC patients from publicly available TCGA and GEO databases. We compared the tumor issues and adjacent normal tissues in terms of the gene expression for the purpose of identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Based on these genes, we established a risk signature by the LASSO Cox regression in the TCGA cohort and validated the results in a GEO cohort. We also verified the levels of relevant mRNA expression in the model by RT-qPCR analysis. Eventually, functional enrichment approach was carried out to explore the potential mechanisms.ResultsOur team found a total of 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the HNSCC and healthy samples, and 4 DEGs displayed a remarkable association with the overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). A 4-gene signature was constructed, presenting beneficial forecast power in both TCGA and GEO cohorts. Our team categorized patients into a group with high risk and another group with low risk as per the average risk value of the 4-gene feature. The individuals in the low risk group displayed a notably greater OS compared with the high risk one (P < 0.01). The Cox regression study demonstrated the independent forecast capability of the risk score. The receiver operating characteristic approach facilitated the verification of the forecast function of the gene signature. Posterior to verification, 4 genes were aberrantly expressed in the HNSCC and healthy samples. Functional study displayed that these groups presented diverse immunity conditions.ConclusionPyroptosis-associated genes are pivotal for the prognosis of HNSCC and can serve as potential therapeutic targets.
| S-EPMC8575318 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThis study aimed to construct a prognostic signature consisting of immune-related RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to predict the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) effectively.MethodsThe transcriptome and clinical data of HNSCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. First, we ascertained the immunological differences in HNSCC, through single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, stromal and immune cells in malignant tumor tissues using expression data (ESTIMATE), and cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) deconvolution algorithm. Then we used univariate proportional hazards (Cox) regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis to screen immune-related RBPs and acquire the risk score of each sample. Subsequently, we further investigated the difference in prognosis, immune status, and tumor mutation burden in high- and low-risk groups. Finally, the efficacy of immunotherapy was measured by the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score.ResultsWe derived 15 immune-related RBPs, including FRMD4A, ASNS, RAB11FIP1, FAM120C, CFLAR, CTTN, PLEKHO1, SELENBP1, CHCHD2, NPM3, ATP2A3, CFDP1, IGF2BP2, NQO1, and DENND2D. There were significant differences in the prognoses of patients in the high- and low-risk groups in the training set (p < 0.001) and the validation set (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there were statistical differences between the high-risk group and low-risk group in immune cell infiltration and pathway and tumor mutation load (p < 0.001). In the end, we found that patients in the low-risk group were more sensitive to immunotherapy (p < 0.001), and then we screened 14 small-molecule chemotherapeutics with higher sensitivity to the high-risk group (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe study constructed a prognostic signature of HNSCC, which might guide clinical immunotherapy in the future.
| S-EPMC9016149 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The immune response within the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumorigenesis and determines the clinical outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, to date, a paucity of robust, reliable immune-related biomarkers has been identified that are capable of estimating prognosis in HNSCC patients. High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed in tumors and matched adjacent tissues from five HNSCC patients, and the immune signatures expression of 730 immune-related transcripts selected from the nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel were assessed. Survival analyzes were performed in a training cohort, consisting of 416 HNSCC cases, retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A prognostic signature was built, using elastic net-penalized Cox regression and backward, stepwise Cox regression analyzes. The outcomes were validated by an independent cohort of 115 HNSCC patients, using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry staining. Cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) was also used to estimate the relative fractions of 22 immune-cell types and their correlations coefficients with prognostic biomarkers. Collectively, 248 immune-related genes were differentially expressed in paired tumors and normal tissues using RNA sequencing. After process screening in the training TCGA cohort, four immune-related genes (PVR, TNFRSF12A, IL21R, and SOCS1) were significantly associated with overall survival (OS). Integrating these genes with Path_N stage, a multiplex model was built and suggested better performance in determining 5 years OS (receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, area under the curve (AUC)=0.709) than others. Further protein-based validation was conducted in 115 HNSCC patients. Similarly, high expression of PVR and TNFRSF12A were associated with poor OS (Kaplan-Meier p=0.017 and 0.0032), while high expression of IL21R and SOCS1 indicated favorable OS (Kaplan-Meier p<0.0001 and =0.0018). The integrated model with Path_N stage still demonstrated efficacy in OS evaluation (Kaplan-Meier p<0.0001, ROC AUC=0.893). Besides, the four prognostic genes were significantly correlated with activated CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, follicular helper T cells and regulatory T cells, implying the possible involvement of these genes in the immunoregulation and development of HNSCC. The well-established model encompassing both immune-related biomarkers and clinicopathological factor might serve as a promising tool for the prognostic prediction of HNSCC.
| S-EPMC7390201 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma's tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression, but its clinical significance remains unclear. Therefore, the TIME needs to be better understood in order to improve the response of diagnosis and therapy. Methods: The gene expression and clinical data of 569 HNSCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Immune-related genes (IRGs) from the ImmPort database were used for immunotyping of HNSCC patients, and independent GEO datasets were used for subtype verification and comprehensive molecular identification. Results: The patients were divided into three subtypes (C1, C2, and C3) related to different gene expression profiles. The three subtypes showed widely different patterns in tumor genetic distortion, immune cell composition, cytokine profile, and so on, verifying that the immune-enhanced C2 subtype was associated with better prognosis. In addition, the stroma-deficient C1 subtype may be more efficient for the immune response than the C3 subtype. Furthermore, using WGCNA on the IRGs of those three subtypes, we found two C2-positive gene modules closely related to infection- and immune-associated pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database, and the two modules had 22 common pathways. Conclusion: This study improves the power for prognosis prediction and develops new therapeutic strategies to stratify HNSCC patients into clinically significant groups through TIME-related prognostic signature.
| S-EPMC9130752 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Cuproptosis has been recognized as a novel regulatory cell death, which has been confirmed to promote the occurrence and development of tumors. However, whether cuproptosis-related lncRNA has an impact on the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is still unclear. Methods: In total, 501 HNSCC tumor samples and 44 normal were downloaded from the TCGA database. Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were obtained by co-expressed analysis. We got prognostic lncRNA that was associated with cuproptosis by using univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO Cox regression. Then we constructed and validated the prognostic signature of HNSCC and analyzed the immune landscape of the signature. Results: The Prognostic Signature is based on 10 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs including AC090587.1, AC004943.2, TTN-AS1, AL162458.1, AC106820.5, AC012313.5, AL132800.1, WDFY3-AS2, CDKN2A-DT, and AL136419.3. The results of overall survival, risk score distribution, and survival status in the low-risk group were better than those in the high-risk group. In addition, all immune checkpoint genes involved were significantly different between the two risk groups (p < 0.05). The risk score was positively correlated with Eosinophils. M0 and M2 phenotype macrophages, mast cells activated, NK cells activated, and negatively related with B cells naive, mast cells resting, plasma cells, CD8T cells, T cells follicular helper, T cells regulatory (Tregs). Consensus clustering was identified in molecular subtypes of HNSC. More high-risk samples concentrated in Cluster1, which had a higher Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) alternation than Cluster2. Conclusion: Our study elucidated the correlation between cuproptosis-related lncRNA with prognosis and immune landscape of HNSCC, which may provide references for further research on the exploration of the mechanism and functions of the prognosis for HNSCC.
| S-EPMC9356288 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a significant role in the development, establishment, and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This article aims to develop an immune-related lncRNA (irlncRNA) model, regardless of expression levels, for risk assessment and prognosis prediction in HNSCC patients. Methods: We obtained clinical data and corresponding full transcriptome expression of HNSCC patients from TCGA, downloaded GTF files to distinguish lncRNAs from Ensembl, discerned irlncRNAs based on co-expression analysis, distinguished differentially expressed irlncRNAs (DEirlncRNAs), and paired these DEirlncRNAs. Univariate Cox regression analysis, LASSO regression analysis, and stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis were then performed to screen lncRNA pairs, calculate the risk coefficient, and establish a prognosis model. Finally, the predictive power of this model was validated through the AUC and the ROC curves, and the AIC values of each point on the five-year ROC curve were calculated to select the maximum inflection point, which was applied as a cut-off point to divide patients into low- or high-risk groups. Based on this methodology, we were able to more effectively differentiate between these groups in terms of survival, clinico-pathological characteristics, tumor immune infiltrating status, chemotherapeutics sensitivity, and immunosuppressive molecules. Results: A 13-irlncRNA-pair signature was built, and the ROC analysis demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of this signature for survival prediction. The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the high-risk group had a significantly shorter survival rate than the low-risk group, and the chi-squared test certified that the signature was highly related to survival status, clinical stage, T stage, and N stage. Additionally, the signature was further proven to be an independent prognostic risk factor via the Cox regression analyses, and immune infiltrating analyses showed that the high-risk group had significant negative relationships with various immune infiltrations. Finally, the chemotherapeutics sensitivity and the expression level of molecular markers were also significantly different between high- and low-risk groups. Conclusion: The signature established by paring irlncRNAs, with regard to specific expression levels, can be utilized for survival prediction and to guide clinical therapy in HNSCC.
| S-EPMC8313825 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most destructive of tumors, leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. Abnormal immune microenvironment is closely associated with tumor progression. This study aimed to construct a robust immune prognostic model for HNSCC. The RNA-seq transcriptome data and clinical information of HNSCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The key pathways and transcriptional factors (TFs) that are correlated with significantly altered immune related genes were identified. A robust immune prognostic model was constructed and further validated using a discovery-validation cohort design. An immune prognostic signature-based nomogram model was also developed. We have identified 400 significantly changed immune related genes in HNSCC. In addition, functional analysis of the altered immune related genes revealed many biological functions and pathways that might affect the tumor immune microenvironment. FOXP3, SNAI2, and STAT1 were identified as the hub TFs for regulating immunological changes in HNSCC. Moreover, an immune related gene-based prognostic signature significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of HNSCC was constructed in the discovery cohort, and successfully validated in the validation cohort. Finally, a nomogram model based on immune prognostic signature was built and exhibited good performance for predicting the OS of HNSCC. In conclusion, the immune prognostic model is robust for predicting the prognosis of HNSCC and may evolve as a promising tool for risk evaluation and therapeutic selection.
| S-EPMC7667274 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundImmune-related genes (IRGs) were linked to the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to identify the effects of an immune-related gene signature (IRGS) that can predict the of HNSCC prognosis.MethodsThe expression data of 770 HNSCC patients from the TCGA database and the GEO database were used. To explore a predictive model, the Cox proportional hazards model was applied. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, as well as univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the independent predictive value of IRGS. To explore biological functions of IRGS, enrichment analyses and pathway annotation for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different immune groups were applied, as well as the immune infiltration.ResultsA prognostic signature comprising 27 IRGs was generated. IRGS significantly stratified HNSCC patients into high and low immune risk groups in regard to overall survival in the training cohort (HR = 3.69, 95% CI 2.73-4.98, P < 0.001). Likewise, IRGS could be linked to the prognosis of HNSCC in patients of the validation cohort (HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.21-2.81, P < 0.01). Even after adjusting for TNM stage, IRGS was maintained as an independent predictor in the multivariate analysis (HR = 3.62, 95% CI 2.58-5.09, P < 0.001), and in the validation cohort (HR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.12-2.67, P = 0.014). The IFN-α response, the IFN-γ response, IL-2/STAT5 signaling, and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling were all negatively correlated with the immune risk (P < 0.01). Immune infiltration of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group (P < 0.01). Most notably, the infiltration of CD8 T cells, memory-activated CD4 T cells, and regulatory T cells was strongly upregulated in the low immune risk groups, while memory resting CD4 T cell infiltration was downregulated (P < 0.01).ConclusionOur analysis provides a comprehensive prognosis of the immune microenvironments and outcomes for different individuals. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical application of this signature.
| S-EPMC6969412 | biostudies-literature