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Rerouting and Improving Dauc-8-en-11-ol Synthase from Streptomyces venezuelae to a High Yielding Biocatalyst.

ABSTRACT: The dauc-8-en-11-ol synthase from Streptomyces venezuelae was investigated for its catalytic activity towards alternative terpene precursors, specifically designed to enable new cyclisation pathways. Exchange of aromatic amino acid residues at the enzyme surface by site-directed mutagenesis led to a 4-fold increase of the yield in preparative scale incubations, which likely results from an increased enzyme stability instead of improved enzyme kinetics.

SUBMITTER: Lauterbach L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8252471 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The fused TrpEG from Streptomyces venezuelae is an anthranilate synthase, not a 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate [corrected] (ADIC) synthase.

Project description:The chloramphenicol producer Streptomyces venezuelae contains an enzyme, SvTrpEG, that has a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity to the phenazine biosynthetic enzyme PhzE of certain species of Pseudomonas. PhzE has the sequence signature of an anthranilate synthase, but recent evidence indicates that it catalyzes the production of 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate [corrected] (ADIC), an intermediate in the two-step anthranilate synthase reaction, not anthranilate. In order to determine if SvTrpEG is likewise an ADIC synthase, we have cloned the gene for SvTrpEG, expressed the recombinant enzyme in Escherichia coli, and purified the enzyme. Analysis of the SvTrpEG-catalyzed reaction mixture using UV-visible spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography shows that the product of the reaction is anthranilate, not ADIC. Our results therefore reveal that, despite its sequence similarity to PhzE, SvTrpEG is an anthranilate synthase, not an ADIC synthase.

| S-EPMC3371231 | biostudies-literature

Identification and characterization of a novel sesquiterpene synthase, 4-amorphen-11-ol synthase, from Artemisia maritima.

Project description:Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone exhibiting effective antimalarial activity, is produced by only Artemisia annua plant. A key step in artemisinin biosynthesis is the cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to amorpha-4,11-diene catalyzed by amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (AaADS). Intriguingly, several non-artemisinin-producing Artemisia plants also express genes highly homologous to AaADS. Our previous functional analysis of these homologous enzymes revealed that they catalyzed the synthesis of rare natural sesquiterpenoids. In this study, we analyzed the function of another putative sesquiterpene synthase highly homologous to AaADS from A. maritima. Unlike AaADS, in vivo enzymatic assay showed that this enzyme cyclized FPP to 4-amorphen-11-ol, a precursor of several gastroprotective agents. The discovery of 4-amorphen-11-ol synthase (AmAOS) and the successful de novo production of 4-amorphen-11-ol in engineered yeast demonstrated herein provides insights into the methods used to enhance its production for future application.

| S-EPMC6879386 | biostudies-literature

Redesigning the Molecular Choreography to Prevent Hydroxylation in Germacradien-11-ol Synthase Catalysis.

Project description:Natural sesquiterpene synthases have evolved to make complex terpenoids by quenching reactive carbocations either by proton transfer or by hydroxylation (water capture), depending on their active site. Germacradien-11-ol synthase (Gd11olS) from Streptomyces coelicolor catalyzes the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) into the hydroxylated sesquiterpene germacradien-11-ol. Here, we combine experiment and simulation to guide the redesign of its active site pocket to avoid hydroxylation of the product. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate two regions between which water molecules can flow that are responsible for hydroxylation. Point mutations of selected residues result in variants that predominantly form a complex nonhydroxylated product, which we identify as isolepidozene. Our results indicate how these mutations subtly change the molecular choreography in the Gd11olS active site and thereby pave the way for the engineering of terpene synthases to make complex terpenoid products.

| S-EPMC7886051 | biostudies-literature

Tryptophan Synthase: Biocatalyst Extraordinaire.

Project description:Tryptophan synthase (TrpS) has emerged as a paragon of noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) synthesis and is an ideal biocatalyst for synthetic and biological applications. TrpS catalyzes an irreversible, C-C bond-forming reaction between indole and serine to make l-tryptophan; native TrpS complexes possess fairly broad specificity for indole analogues, but are difficult to engineer to extend substrate scope or to confer other useful properties due to allosteric constraints and their heterodimeric structure. Directed evolution freed the catalytically relevant TrpS β-subunit (TrpB) from allosteric regulation by its TrpA partner and has enabled dramatic expansion of the enzyme's substrate scope. This review examines the long and storied career of TrpS from the perspective of its application in ncAA synthesis and biocatalytic cascades.

| S-EPMC7935429 | biostudies-literature

Diterpene Biosynthesis in Catenulispora acidiphila: On the Mechanism of Catenul-14-en-6-ol Synthase.

Project description:A new diterpene synthase from the actinomycete Catenulispora acidiphila was identified and the structures of its products were elucidated, including the absolute configurations by an enantioselective deuteration approach. The mechanism of the cationic terpene cyclisation cascade was deeply studied through the use of isotopically labelled substrates and of substrate analogues with partially blocked reactivity, resulting in derailment products that gave further insights into the intermediates along the cascade. Their chemistry was studied, leading to the biomimetic synthesis of a diterpenoid analogue of a brominated sesquiterpene known from the red seaweed Laurencia microcladia.

| S-EPMC7839432 | biostudies-literature

(1S,3R,8R,11S)-2,2-Dichloro-3,7,7,10-tetra-methyl-tricyclo-[6.4.0.0]dodec-9-en-11-ol.

Project description:The title compound, C(16)H(24)Cl(2)O, was synthesized from β-himachalene (3,5,5,9-tetra-methyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8-hexa-hydro-1H-benzocyclo-heptene), which was isolated from essential oil of the Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica). The two fused rings exhibit different conformations: the six-membered ring has a screw-boat conformation, while the seven-membered ring displays a boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the two rings is 56.56 (18)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules aggregate into supra-molecular chains along the c axis mediated by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

| S-EPMC3052100 | biostudies-literature

The Sesquiterpene Synthase PtTPS5 Produces (1S,5S,7R,10R)-Guaia-4(15)-en-11-ol and (1S,7R,10R)-Guaia-4-en-11-ol in Oomycete-Infected Poplar Roots.

Project description:Pathogen infection often leads to the enhanced formation of specialized plant metabolites that act as defensive barriers against microbial attackers. In this study, we investigated the formation of potential defense compounds in roots of the Western balsam poplar (Populus trichocarpa) upon infection with the generalist root pathogen Phytophthora cactorum (Oomycetes). P. cactorum infection led to an induced accumulation of terpenes, aromatic compounds, and fatty acids in poplar roots. Transcriptome analysis of uninfected and P. cactorum-infected roots revealed a terpene synthase gene PtTPS5 that was significantly induced upon pathogen infection. PtTPS5 had been previously reported as a sesquiterpene synthase producing two unidentified sesquiterpene alcohols as major products and hedycaryol as a minor product. Using heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, enzyme assays with deuterium-labeled substrates, and NMR analysis of reaction products, we could identify the major PtTPS5 products as (1S,5S,7R,10R)-guaia-4(15)-en-11-ol and (1S,7R,10R)-guaia-4-en-11-ol, with the former being a novel compound. The transcript accumulation of PtTPS5 in uninfected and P. cactorum-infected poplar roots matched the accumulation of (1S,5S,7R,10R)-guaia-4(15)-en-11-ol, (1S,7R,10R)-guaia-4-en-11-ol, and hedycaryol in this tissue, suggesting that PtTPS5 likely contributes to the pathogen-induced formation of these compounds in planta.

| S-EPMC7866031 | biostudies-literature

Ribosome profiling of Streptomyces griseus NBRC13350 and Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC15439

Project description:We performed ribosome profiling which is the deep-sequencing of mRNA fragments protected by translating ribosome for two Streptomyces species through different growth phases to provide the translatome data

2020-03-03 | GSE138278 | GEO

Identifying Lsr2 binding sites in Streptomyces venezuelae

Project description:The goal of this work was to determine where Lsr2 binds within the S. venezuelae chromosome, and to differentiate between direct versus indirect effects by comparing our ChIP-seq results with RNA-seq results

2018-06-09 | GSE115538 | GEO

New insights into chloramphenicol biosynthesis in Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 10712.

Project description:Comparative genome analysis revealed seven uncharacterized genes, sven0909 to sven0915, adjacent to the previously identified chloramphenicol biosynthetic gene cluster (sven0916-sven0928) of Streptomyces venezuelae strain ATCC 10712 that was absent in a closely related Streptomyces strain that does not produce chloramphenicol. Transcriptional analysis suggested that three of these genes might be involved in chloramphenicol production, a prediction confirmed by the construction of deletion mutants. These three genes encode a cluster-associated transcriptional activator (Sven0913), a phosphopantetheinyl transferase (Sven0914), and a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter (Sven0915). Bioinformatic analysis also revealed the presence of a previously undetected gene, sven0925, embedded within the chloramphenicol biosynthetic gene cluster that appears to encode an acyl carrier protein, bringing the number of new genes likely to be involved in chloramphenicol production to four. Microarray experiments and synteny comparisons also suggest that sven0929 is part of the biosynthetic gene cluster. This has allowed us to propose an updated and revised version of the chloramphenicol biosynthetic pathway.

| S-EPMC4249514 | biostudies-literature

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