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Taxonomic relevance of petiole anatomical and micro-morphological characteristics of Clematis L. (Ranunculaceae) taxa from South Korea.

ABSTRACT: We assessed the micro-morphological and anatomical structures of the petioles of 19 Clematis taxa from South Korea. The petiole surface features were observed with the help of stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the anatomical features are studied via microtomy and light microscopy. The results of this study showed that the presence/absence and abundance of trichomes, petiole cross-section outlines, upper surface wings and grooves, and the number of vascular bundles were useful for species discrimination in Clematis. Among the studied taxa, C. hexapetala was the only species with a glabrous petiole surface. Two types of trichomes were observed in the other 18 taxa: long, non-glandular and flagelliform trichomes and short, glandular capitate trichomes. We found four to six major vascular bundles and a maximum of eight interfascicular vascular bundles (C. heracleifolia and C. urticifolia) in the 19 taxa. A cluster analysis based on UPGMA identified six clusters with 18 nodes. Although the number of taxa investigated was limited, taxa from the sections Tubulosae, Viorna, and Astragene clustered with each other in the UPGMA phenogram due to the overall similarity of petiole features. Based on this observation, we can conclude that most of the petiole features are limited to the species level, and thus, the data obtained could be used as descriptive and/or diagnostic features for particular taxa, which may be useful for the investigation of problematic taxa in the genus.

SUBMITTER: Park BK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8253109 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The Ranunculus auricomus complex is an interesting model system for studying the evolution and diversity of apomictic polyploid complexes. It comprises hundreds of agamospecies, usually referred to two distinct morphotypes (traditionally named "R. auricomus" and "R. cassubicus") which are connected by several intermediate forms. Here we try to elucidate the evolution of apomictic "cassubicus" morphotypes and we test criteria for different classification concepts by combining the information of molecular phylogenetic, morphological, karyological and population genetic data (AFLPs, amplified fragment length polymorphism). Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the nrDNA ITS and plastid data (matK, trnk, psbJ-psbA) suggest a deep split between the diploid sexual species R. notabilis ("auricomus" morphotype) from the closely related allopatric taxa R. cassubicifolius and R. carpaticola ("cassubicus"). The apomictic "cassubicus" morphotypes are not monophyletic, as one, R. hungaricus, groups with R. notabilis, which may be due to hybrid origin. Morphometric studies and ploidy level determinations via Feulgen densitometry show a transition from 4x R. hungaricus to the 6x apomictic hybrid derivatives of R. cassubicifolius and R. carpaticola. In two accessions, AFLPs and flow cytometric data suggest local gene flow among different apomictic polyploid morphotypes. Frequent facultative sexuality of apomicts may increase genetic diversity by continuous formation of new cytotypes, local hybridization and introgression, which obstructs the fixation of distinct agamospecies. We conclude that "R. cassubicus" and "R. auricomus" cannot be regarded as species but should be treated as either informal groups, or as (notho)taxa at the sectional level. To reflect the different evolutionary processes involved, we propose a separate classification of the sexual species, R. notabilis and the closely related species pair R. cassubicifolius and R. carpaticola. Based on these well-defined biological species, the apomictic biotypes can be classified as nothotaxa.

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Taxonomic relevance of petiole anatomical and micro-morphological characteristics of Clematis L. (Ranunculaceae) taxa from South Korea.

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