Dataset Information

Mediterranean Diet, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Brain Atrophy in Old Age.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To determine if following a Mediterranean-like diet (MeDi) relates to cognitive functions and in vivo biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we analyzed cross-sectional data from the German Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study METHOD: The sample (n=512, mean age: 69.5±5.9 years) included 169 cognitively normal participants and subjects at higher AD risk (53 AD relatives, 209 SCD and 81 MCI). We defined MeDi adherence based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Brain volume outcomes were generated via voxel-based morphometry on T1-MRI and cognitive performance with an extensive neuropsychological battery. AD-related biomarkers (Aβ42/40 ratio, pTau181) in cerebrospinal fluid were assessed in n=226 individuals. We analyzed the associations between MeDi and the outcomes with linear regression models controlling for several covariates. Additionally, we applied hypothesis-driven mediation and moderation analysis.

Results

Higher MeDi adherence related to larger mediotemporal gray matter volume (p<0.05 FWE corrected), better memory (β±SE = 0.03 ± 0.02; p=0.038), and less amyloid (Aβ42/40 ratio, β±SE = 0.003 ± 0.001; p=0.008) and pTau181 pathology (β±SE = -1.96±0.68; p=0.004). Mediotemporal volume mediated the association between MeDi and memory (40% indirect mediation). Finally, MeDi favorably moderated the associations between Aβ42/40 ratio, pTau181 and mediotemporal atrophy. Results were consistent correcting for ApoE-ε4 status.

Conclusion

Our findings corroborate the view of MeDi as a protective factor against memory decline and mediotemporal atrophy. Importantly, they suggest that these associations might be explained by a decrease of amyloidosis and tau-pathology. Longitudinal and dietary intervention studies should further examine this conjecture and its treatment implications.

SUBMITTER: Ballarini T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8253566 | biostudies-literature | 2021 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Mediterranean Diet, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Brain Atrophy in Old Age.

Ballarini Tommaso T Melo van Lent Debora D Brunner Julia J Schröder Alina A Wolfsgruber Steffen S Altenstein Slawek S Brosseron Frederic F Buerger Katharina K Dechent Peter P Dobisch Laura L Duzel Emrah E Ertl-Wagner Birgit B Fliessbach Klaus K Freiesleben Silka Dawn SD Frommann Ingo I Glanz Wenzel W Hauser Dietmar D Haynes John Dylan JD Heneka Michael T MT Janowitz Daniel D Kilimann Ingo I Laske Christoph C Maier Franziska F Metzger Coraline Danielle CD Munk Matthias M Perneczky Robert R Peters Oliver O Priller Josef J Ramirez Alfredo A Rauchmann Boris B Roy Nina N Scheffler Klaus K Schneider Anja A Spottke Annika A Spruth Eike Jakob EJ Teipel Stefan J SJ Vukovich Ruth R Wiltfang Jens J Jessen Frank F Wagner Michael M

Neurology 20210615 24

<h4>Objective</h4>To determine whether following a Mediterranean-like diet (MeDi) relates to cognitive functions and in vivo biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD), we analyzed cross-sectional data from the German DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study. METHOD: The sample (n=512, mean age: 69.5±5.9 years) included 169 cognitively normal participants and subjects at higher AD risk (53 with relatives with AD, 209 with subjective cognitive decline, and 81 with mild cognitive impa ...[more]

PMID: 33952652

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Project description:PurposeTo determine whether closer adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with altered speed of geographic atrophy (GA) enlargement.DesignPost hoc analysis of a cohort within the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2.ParticipantsThe study included 1155 eyes (850 participants; mean age, 74.9 years) with GA at 2 or more visits.MethodsGeographic atrophy area was measured from color fundus photographs at annual visits. An alternative Mediterranean Diet index (aMedi) was calculated for each participant by food frequency questionnaire. Mixed-model regression of square root GA area was performed by aMedi.Main outcome measuresChange in square root of GA area over time.ResultsOver a mean follow-up of 3.1 years, the mean GA enlargement rate was 0.282 mm/year (95% confidence interval, 0.270-0.293). Enlargement was significantly slower in those with higher aMedi at 0.256 mm/year (0.236-0.276), 0.290 (0.268-0.311), and 0.298 (0.280-0.317; P = 0.008) for aMedi tertiles 3, 2, and 1, respectively. Of the 9 aMedi components considered separately, significant differences in enlargement rate were observed for 4 (whole fruit [P = 0.0004], red meat [P = 0.0002], alcohol [P = 0.006], and monounsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio ([MUFA:SFA] [P = 0.040]) but not for fish (P = 0.14). Enlargement was slower in those with higher whole fruit, lower red meat, moderate alcohol, and higher MUFA:SFA intake. In the 768 eyes with noncentral GA, aMedi was not associated with slower progression to central involvement: hazard ratios were 1.11 (0.83-1.48) and 0.95 (0.71-1.26) for tertiles 2 and 3, respectively.ConclusionsA Mediterranean-type diet was associated with slower GA enlargement. Diet patterns like this may therefore lead to clinically meaningful delays in vision loss. Several components seemed to contribute most to this association in a pattern that differed from those most associated with decreased progression to GA. Hence, the Mediterranean diet is associated with protection against both faster progression to GA and faster enlargement of GA but for partially distinct reasons. These findings may help inform evidence-based dietary recommendations. Understanding the mechanisms responsible may provide insights into the underlying biology and lead to the development of nutritional supplements.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the associations between age, vascular health, and Alzheimer disease (AD) imaging biomarkers in an elderly sample. METHODS:We identified 430 individuals along the cognitive continuum aged >60 years with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), tau PET, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. A subset of 329 individuals had fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. We ascertained presently existing cardiovascular and metabolic conditions (CMC) from health care records and used the summation of presence/absence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and stroke as a surrogate for vascular health. We used global amyloid from Pittsburgh compound B PET, entorhinal cortex tau uptake (ERC-tau) from tau-PET, and neurodegeneration in AD signature regions from MRI and FDG-PET as surrogates for AD pathophysiology. We dichotomized participants into CMC = 0 (CMC- ) versus CMC > 0 (CMC+ ) and tested for age-adjusted group differences in AD biomarkers. Using structural equation models (SEMs), we assessed the impact of vascular health on AD biomarker cascade (amyloid leads to tau leads to neurodegeneration) after considering the direct and indirect age, sex, and apolipoprotein E effects. RESULTS:CMC+ participants had significantly greater neurodegeneration than CMC- participants but did not differ by amyloid or ERC-tau. The SEMs showed that (1) vascular health had a significant direct and indirect impact on neurodegeneration but not on amyloid; and (2) vascular health, specifically the presence of hyperlipidemia, had a significant direct impact on ERC-tau. INTERPRETATION:Vascular health had quantifiably greater impact on neurodegeneration in AD regions than on amyloid deposition. Longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between tau deposition and vascular health. Ann Neurol 2017;82:706-718.

Dataset Information

Mediterranean Diet, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Brain Atrophy in Old Age.

Objective

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Mediterranean Diet, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Brain Atrophy in Old Age.

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