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The NAC transcription factor FaRIF controls fruit ripening in strawberry.

ABSTRACT: In contrast to climacteric fruits such as tomato, the knowledge on key regulatory genes controlling the ripening of strawberry, a nonclimacteric fruit, is still limited. NAC transcription factors (TFs) mediate different developmental processes in plants. Here, we identified and characterized Ripening Inducing Factor (FaRIF), a NAC TF that is highly expressed and induced in strawberry receptacles during ripening. Functional analyses based on stable transgenic lines aimed at silencing FaRIF by RNA interference, either from a constitutive promoter or the ripe receptacle-specific EXP2 promoter, as well as overexpression lines showed that FaRIF controls critical ripening-related processes such as fruit softening and pigment and sugar accumulation. Physiological, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses of receptacles of FaRIF-silenced and overexpression lines point to FaRIF as a key regulator of strawberry fruit ripening from early developmental stages, controlling abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling, cell-wall degradation, and modification, the phenylpropanoid pathway, volatiles production, and the balance of the aerobic/anaerobic metabolism. FaRIF is therefore a target to be modified/edited to control the quality of strawberry fruits.

SUBMITTER: Martin-Pizarro C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8254488 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The NAC transcription factor FaRIF controls fruit ripening in strawberry

Project description:In contrast to climacteric fruits such as tomato, the knowledge on key regulatory genes controlling the ripening of strawberry, a non-climacteric fruit, is still limited. NAC transcription factors mediate different developmental processes in plants. Here, we identified and characterized FaRIF (Ripening Inducing Factor), a NAC transcription factor that is highly expressed and induced in strawberry receptacles during ripening. Functional analyses based on stable transgenic lines aimed at silencing FaRIF by RNA interference, either from a constitutive promoter or the ripe receptacle-specific EXP2 promoter, as well as overexpression lines showed that FaRIF controls critical ripening-related processes such as fruit softening and pigment and sugar accumulation. Physiological, metabolome and transcriptome analyses of receptacles of FaRIF-silenced and overexpression lines point to FaRIF as a key regulator of strawberry fruit ripening from early developmental stages, controlling abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling, cell wall degradation and modification, the phenylpropanoid pathway, volatiles production, and the balance of the aerobic/anaerobic metabolism. FaRIF is therefore a target to be modified/edited to control the quality of strawberry fruits.

2021-02-20 | GSE167107 | GEO

The NAC transcription factor FaRIF controls fruit ripening in strawberry

Project description:The NAC transcription factor FaRIF controls fruit ripening in strawberry

| PRJNA703007 | ENA

Deciphering the regulatory network of the NAC transcription factor FvRIF, a master regulator in controlling strawberry fruit ripening

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2023-11-08 | GSE220786 | GEO

Abscisic acid and sucrose regulate tomato and strawberry fruit ripening through the abscisic acid-stress-ripening transcription factor.

Project description:Although great progress has been made towards understanding the role of abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose in fruit ripening, the mechanisms underlying the ABA and sucrose signalling pathways remain elusive. In this study, transcription factor ABA-stress-ripening (ASR), which is involved in the transduction of ABA and sucrose signalling pathways, was isolated and analysed in the nonclimacteric fruit, strawberry and the climacteric fruit, tomato. We have identified four ASR isoforms in tomato and one in strawberry. All ASR sequences contained the ABA stress- and ripening-induced proteins and water-deficit stress-induced proteins (ABA/WDS) domain and all ASR transcripts showed increased expression during fruit development. The expression of the ASR gene was influenced not only by sucrose and ABA, but also by jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and these four factors were correlated with each other during fruit development. ASR bound the hexose transporter (HT) promoter, which contained a sugar box that activated downstream gene expression. Overexpression of the ASR gene promoted fruit softening and ripening, whereas RNA interference delayed fruit ripening, as well as affected fruit physiological changes. Change in ASR gene expression influenced the expression of several ripening-related genes such as CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, UFGT, PG, PL, EXP1/2, XET16, Cel1/2 and PME. Taken together, this study may provide new evidence on the important role of ASR in cross-signalling between ABA and sucrose to regulate tomato and strawberry fruit ripening. The findings of this study also provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying fruit development.

| S-EPMC5043491 | biostudies-literature

A NAC transcription factor, NOR-like1, is a new positive regulator of tomato fruit ripening.

Project description:Ripening of the model fruit tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is controlled by a transcription factor network including NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) domain proteins such as No-ripening (NOR), SlNAC1, and SlNAC4, but very little is known about the NAC targets or how they regulate ripening. Here, we conducted a systematic search of fruit-expressed NAC genes and showed that silencing NOR-like1 (Solyc07g063420) using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited specific aspects of ripening. Ripening initiation was delayed by 14 days when NOR-like1 function was inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9 and fruits showed obviously reduced ethylene production, retarded softening and chlorophyll loss, and reduced lycopene accumulation. RNA-sequencing profiling and gene promoter analysis suggested that genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (SlACS2, SlACS4), color formation (SlGgpps2, SlSGR1), and cell wall metabolism (SlPG2a, SlPL, SlCEL2, and SlEXP1) are direct targets of NOR-like1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR), and dual-luciferase reporter assay (DLR) confirmed that NOR-like1 bound to the promoters of these genes both in vitro and in vivo, and activated their expression. Our findings demonstrate that NOR-like1 is a new positive regulator of tomato fruit ripening, with an important role in the transcriptional regulatory network.

| S-EPMC6303401 | biostudies-literature

Deciphering the regulatory network of the NAC transcription factor FvRIF, a master regulator in controlling strawberry fruit ripening [DAP-seq]

Project description:To better understand FvRIF-mediated transcriptional regulation of fruit ripening, we performed DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) to unravel FvRIF binding sites at the genome level. For DAP-seq analysis, the recombinant FvRIF fusion protein was used to purify the sheared genomic DNA of strawberry fruits. Two independent biological replicates of DAP-seq and DNA ‘input’ negative control libraries were prepared and submitted for deep sequencing.

2023-11-08 | GSE220785 | GEO

Deciphering the regulatory network of the NAC transcription factor FvRIF, a master regulator in controlling strawberry fruit ripening [RNA-seq]

Project description:To identify genes that are transcriptionally regulated by FvRIF during fruit ripening, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) using fruits of the wild type and the mutant lines (FvRIF-cr-6 and FvRIF-cr-13) at 28 DPA. Three independent biological replicates were applied for the RNA-seq analysis.

2023-11-08 | GSE220768 | GEO

Apple Ripening Is Controlled by a NAC Transcription Factor.

Project description:Softening is a hallmark of ripening in fleshy fruits, and has both desirable and undesirable implications for texture and postharvest stability. Accordingly, the timing and extent of pre-harvest ripening and associated textural changes following harvest are key targets for improving fruit quality through breeding. Previously, we identified a large effect locus associated with harvest date and firmness in apple (Malus domestica) using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here, we present additional evidence that polymorphisms in or around a transcription factor gene, NAC18.1, may cause variation in these traits. First, we confirmed our previous findings with new phenotype and genotype data from ∼800 apple accessions. In this population, we compared a genetic marker within NAC18.1 to markers targeting three other firmness-related genes currently used by breeders (ACS1, ACO1, and PG1), and found that the NAC18.1 marker was the strongest predictor of both firmness at harvest and firmness after 3 months of cold storage. By sequencing NAC18.1 across 18 accessions, we revealed two predominant haplotypes containing the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) previously identified using GWAS, as well as dozens of additional SNPs and indels in both the coding and promoter sequences. NAC18.1 encodes a protein that is orthogolous to the NON-RIPENING (NOR) transcription factor, a regulator of ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We introduced both NAC18.1 transgene haplotypes into the tomato nor mutant and showed that both haplotypes complement the nor ripening deficiency. Taken together, these results indicate that polymorphisms in NAC18.1 may underlie substantial variation in apple firmness through modulation of a conserved ripening program.

| S-EPMC8258254 | biostudies-literature

Tomato fruit ripening factor NOR controls leaf senescence.

Project description:NAC transcription factors (TFs) are important regulators of expressional reprogramming during plant development, stress responses, and leaf senescence. NAC TFs also play important roles in fruit ripening. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), one of the best characterized NACs involved in fruit ripening is NON-RIPENING (NOR), and the non-ripening (nor) mutation has been widely used to extend fruit shelf life in elite varieties. Here, we show that NOR additionally controls leaf senescence. Expression of NOR increases with leaf age, and developmental as well as dark-induced senescence are delayed in the nor mutant, while overexpression of NOR promotes leaf senescence. Genes associated with chlorophyll degradation as well as senescence-associated genes (SAGs) show reduced and elevated expression, respectively, in nor mutants and NOR overexpressors. Overexpression of NOR also stimulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. In tomato, NOR supports senescence by directly and positively regulating the expression of several senescence-associated genes including, besides others, SlSAG15 and SlSAG113, SlSGR1, and SlYLS4. Finally, we find that another senescence control NAC TF, namely SlNAP2, acts upstream of NOR to regulate its expression. Our data support a model whereby NAC TFs have often been recruited by higher plants for both the control of leaf senescence and fruit ripening.

| S-EPMC6506771 | biostudies-literature

Sucrose Promotes Strawberry Fruit Ripening and Affects Ripening-Related Processes.

Project description:Strawberry is a typical nonclimacteric fruit, whose ripening mechanism needs to be further investigated. Sucrose has been recently proved as a signal molecule, participating in strawberry fruit ripening and related processes. While in the effects of sucrose application timing and concentration on ripening, fruit qualities remain unclear, as well as the transcriptome-wide details about the effects of sucrose on the gene expression involved in ripening-related processes. In this study, strawberry fruits at the degreening (DG), white (W), and initial-red (IR) stages were treated with different concentration of sucrose. The results showed that anthocyanin was increased while total polyphenol concentration (TPC) and total flavonoid concentration (TFC) were decreased during fruit development after sucrose treatment. Interestingly, It was showed that 100?mM sucrose application at the DG stage had the most obvious effects on fruit ripening; it made all the fruits turn into full-red (FR) around 4 days (d) earlier than the control, while it did not affect fruit quality traits and most bioactive compounds in the FR fruits. Subsequently, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of the fruits collected at 8 days after 100?mM sucrose treatment was carried out. It was suggested that 993 genes were differentially expressed comparing with the control. Transcriptome-based expression analysis revealed that sucrose induced the expression of genes involved in the AsA and anthocyanin biosynthesis, while largely suppressed the expression of genes in TCA. The results obtained in this study provided more expression profiles of ripening-related genes under the treatment of sucrose, which will contribute to a better understanding for the mechanism underlying sucrose-induced fruit ripening.

| S-EPMC6886322 | biostudies-literature

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