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Zoonotic assemblages of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from the largest zoo in Slovakia.

ABSTRACT: Only a few studies based on multilocus characterization have been conducted on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis in captive nonhuman primates (NHPs). The present article provides the first report on the occurrence of G. duodenalis in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) and barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) kept in the zoo in Košice, Slovakia. All samples were examined by flotation technique, with total prevalence of 17.4% (4/23). The microscopically positive samples were assayed by nested PCR and consecutively sequenced at β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. Positive isolates were recognized as assemblage B and sub-assemblage BIV and subtype WB8 were confirmed. The identification and genotyping of this parasite in Slovakia, may help to better understand the epidemiological situation in Europe about the circulation of G. duodenalis zoonotic assemblages in NHPs.

SUBMITTER: Mravcova K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8254674 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Zoonotic assemblages of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from the largest zoo in Slovakia.

Mravcová K K Štrkolcová G G Mucha R R Goldová M M

Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology 20201124 2

Only a few studies based on multilocus characterization have been conducted on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis in captive nonhuman primates (NHPs). The present article provides the first report on the occurrence of G. duodenalis in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) and barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) kept in the zoo in Košice, Slovakia. All samples were examined by flotation technique, with total prevalence of 17.4% (4/23). The microscopically pos ...[more]

PMID: 34295025

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Project description:Giardia duodenalis, originally regarded as a commensal organism, is the etiologic agent of giardiasis, a gastrointestinal disease of humans and animals. Giardiasis causes major public and veterinary health concerns worldwide. Transmission is either direct, through the faecal-oral route, or indirect, through ingestion of contaminated water or food. Genetic characterization of G. duodenalis isolates has revealed the existence of seven groups (assemblages A to G) which differ in their host distribution. Assemblages A and B are found in humans and in many other mammals, but the role of animals in the epidemiology of human infection is still unclear, despite the fact that the zoonotic potential of Giardia was recognised by the WHO some 30 years ago. Here, we performed an extensive genetic characterization of 978 human and 1440 animal isolates, which together comprise 3886 sequences from 4 genetic loci. The data were assembled into a molecular epidemiological database developed by a European network of public and veterinary health Institutions. Genotyping was performed at different levels of resolution (single and multiple loci on the same dataset). The zoonotic potential of both assemblages A and B is evident when studied at the level of assemblages, sub-assemblages, and even at each single locus. However, when genotypes are defined using a multi-locus sequence typing scheme, only 2 multi-locus genotypes (MLG) of assemblage A and none of assemblage B appear to have a zoonotic potential. Surprisingly, mixtures of genotypes in individual isolates were repeatedly observed. Possible explanations are the uptake of genetically different Giardia cysts by a host, or subsequent infection of an already infected host, likely without overt symptoms, with a different Giardia species, which may cause disease. Other explanations for mixed genotypes, particularly for assemblage B, are substantial allelic sequence heterogeneity and/or genetic recombination. Although the zoonotic potential of G. duodenalis is evident, evidence on the contribution and frequency is (still) lacking. This newly developed molecular database has the potential to tackle intricate epidemiological questions concerning protozoan diseases.

Dataset Information

Zoonotic assemblages of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from the largest zoo in Slovakia.

Publications

Zoonotic assemblages of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in captive non-human primates from the largest zoo in Slovakia.

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