Milk-Specific IgE Reactivity Without Symptoms in Albumin-Sensitized Cat Allergic Patients.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Karsonova AV
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8255353 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Environmental allergens may induce the generation of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) and IgG4 (sIgG4). Some studies report an association of sIgG4 to protection against allergic symptoms after exposure to the relevant allergen.We examined the relationship of dog and cat sIgE and sIgG4 levels to self-reported allergic symptoms on pet contact.Participants 18 years of age in the Detroit Childhood Allergy Study cohort were asked whether they experienced symptoms on exposure to cats and dogs. Serum was assayed for cat and dog sIgE and sIgG4. Geometric means, ratios of cat and dog sIgE, sIgG4, and ratios of sIgG4/sIgE were compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic teens with the use of Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Ratios of sIgG4/sIgE, adjusted for presence of sIgE (≥0.35 kU/mL), were analyzed with logistic regression.Data on 500 participants were analyzed. Compared with asymptomatic teens, teens symptomatic with cat exposure had higher cat sIgE, sIgG4, and lower ratio of sIgG4/sIgE. Teens symptomatic after dog exposure had higher dog sIgE levels and lower sIgG4/sIgE, but similar levels of sIgG4 compared with asymptomatic participants. Increasing cat and dog sIgG4/sIgE ratios were associated with a lower likelihood of reporting allergic symptoms (cat: adjusted odds ratio, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9; dog: adjusted odds ratio, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-1.0).sIgG4 levels to cat and dog allergens correlate with lower rates of pet-induced allergic symptoms when interpreted in the context of concomitant sIgE. However, sIgG4 appears to have little utility as an isolated marker to indicate that pet exposure will be well tolerated.
| S-EPMC5557080 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundThe values of the skin prick test (SPT) and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) measurement in predicting dog and cat allergies remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of SPT and sIgE measurement in predicting self-reported allergic symptoms during exposure to dogs and cats in Korean adults.MethodsA total of 552 participants in a pet exhibition in Korea completed questionnaires regarding exposure to dog or cat and the development of allergic symptoms during exposure. Study participants also underwent SPT using 3 different commercially available reagents, and had their blood drawn for measurement of serum total IgE and dog/cat-dander-IgE using ImmunoCAP®.ResultsMeasurement of sIgE for dog and cat dander allergens provided the highest positive and negative predictive values and sensitivity, but not specificity (58%, 87.2%, 67.9%, and 93.1% for allergic symptoms on dog exposure; 64.7%, 83.2%, 74.8%, and 88.9% for those on cat exposure, respectively), in predicting self-reported allergic symptoms on dog and cat exposure. The sIgE level consistently exhibited the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.749 and 0.719 for allergic symptoms on dog and cat exposure, respectively). Careful interpretation of SPT and sIgE measurements maximized the positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity for predicting allergic symptoms on dog exposure (71.4%, 87.3%, 75.3%, and 99.3%) and those on cat exposure (71.4%, 85.3%, 79.3%, and 98.9%).ConclusionsThe measurement of dog and cat dander sIgE levels may be useful for the exclusion of allergic symptoms related to pet exposure. Collective interpretation of SPT and sIgE tests facilitates identification of allergic symptoms on dog or cat exposure, giving a better rule-in test result.
| S-EPMC7702179 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCurrent understanding of the effects of reducing exposure to cat allergens is limited. It has also become clear that there are different forms of immune response to cat allergens.ObjectiveTo investigate changes in skin tests and cat specific IgG and IgE antibodies when students from a home with a cat move to a college dormitory.MethodsNinety-seven college students participated in a prospective study that consisted of allergy skin prick testing and serum measurement of IgE and IgG antibodies to cat at the beginning and end of one academic year in college. A subgroup returned for follow-up at the end of 2 years.ResultsAmong 97 students, 33% had IgG antibodies to Fel d 1 but no evidence of sensitization, 25% had positive skin test results and/or serum IgE antibodies, and 42% had negative skin test results and no detectable serum antibodies. Among the non-cat sensitized students with IgG antibodies, the titers decreased during 8 months (P = .002). Titers of IgG4 to Fel d 1 also decreased (P < .001). Among the sensitized students, no change in IgE antibodies to cat occurred in 8 months (P = .20), whereas Fel d 1 specific IgG antibodies decreased (P < .001). Thus, ratios of IgG to IgE decreased highly significantly (P = .007). Among the students with negative skin test results who returned for follow-up (n = 56), none developed positive skin test results or serum IgE antibodies.ConclusionUnder conditions of marked decrease in exposure, no participants developed new-onset sensitization. Among the individuals sensitized at study entry, there were major decreases in the ratio of IgG to IgE.
| S-EPMC6892430 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCharacterising the clinical and immunological impact of daily cat exposure in cat-allergic subjects with asthma who live with cats (WC) and those who do not (WoC) may provide understanding of the drivers of the allergic response.MethodsClinical and immunological characteristics (skin prick test, spirometry, symptom assessments, immunological markers) were compared between asthmatic subjects WC (n = 10) and WoC (n = 9).ResultsWC subjects had greater use of long-acting beta agonists (p < .05) and high-potency corticosteroids. No differences were observed in lung function, nasal and ocular symptoms, or asthma control between the groups. Cat dander- and Fel d 1-specific IgG4 concentrations were higher in WC than WoC subjects (both p < .05). Total IgE and cat dander-, Fel d 1- and Fel d 7-specific IgE concentrations were similar, but Fel d 4-sIgE was higher in WC subjects (p < .05) versus WoC. Basophil sensitivity to cat dander extract and Fel d 1 was lower in WC versus WoC subjects (p < .05) and correlated with higher IgG4 concentrations (r = 0.63; p = .009). Fel d 1-specific CD4+ T-cell responses polarised toward Th2A responses in WC versus WoC subjects; Fel d 1-specific IgE correlated with surface expression of CRTH2 and CD200R (both p ≤ .05).ConclusionImmunological differences observed in WC versus WoC did not reflect clinical tolerance with natural cat exposure. The ability to live with a cat despite allergy could be driven by higher preventative medication use. This study may support design of novel therapeutics for allergy management.
| S-EPMC9293312 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cat allergy is a major trigger factor for respiratory reactions (asthma and rhinitis) in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization. In this study, we used a comprehensive panel of purified cat allergen molecules (rFel d 1, nFel d 2, rFel d 3, rFel d 4, rFel d 7, and rFel d 8) that were obtained by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli or by purification as natural proteins to study possible associations with different phenotypes of cat allergy (i.e., rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, and dermatitis) by analyzing molecular IgE recognition profiles in a representative cohort of clinically well-characterized adult cat allergic subjects (n = 84). IgE levels specific to each of the allergen molecules and to natural cat allergen extract were quantified by ImmunoCAP measurements. Cumulative IgE levels specific to the cat allergen molecules correlated significantly with IgE levels specific to the cat allergen extract, indicating that the panel of allergen molecules resembled IgE epitopes of the natural allergen source. rFel d 1 represented the major cat allergen, which was recognized by 97.2% of cat allergic patients; however, rFel d 3, rFel d 4, and rFel d 7 each showed IgE reactivity in more than 50% of cat allergic patients, indicating the importance of additional allergens in cat allergy. Patients with cat-related skin symptoms showed a trend toward higher IgE levels and/or frequencies of sensitization to each of the tested allergen molecules compared with patients suffering only from rhinitis or asthma, while there were no such differences between patients with rhinitis and asthma. The IgE levels specific to allergen molecules, the IgE levels specific to cat allergen extract, and the IgE levels specific to rFel d 1 were significantly higher in patients with four different symptoms compared with patients with 1-2 symptoms. This difference was more pronounced for the sum of IgE levels specific to the allergen molecules and to cat extract than for IgE levels specific for rFel d 1 alone. Our study indicates that, in addition to rFel d 1, rFel d 3, rFel d 4, and rFel d 7 must be considered as important cat allergens. Furthermore, the cumulative sum of IgE levels specific to cat allergen molecules seems to be a biomarker for identifying patients with complex phenotypes of cat allergy. These findings are important for the diagnosis of IgE sensitization to cats and for the design of allergen-specific immunotherapies for the treatment and prevention of cat allergy.
| S-EPMC9266786 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:cow's milk allergy (CM) is among the most common food allergies in young children and is often outgrown by adulthood. Prior to developing a tolerance to CM, a majority of CM-allergic children may tolerate extensively-heated CM. This study aims to characterize the IgE- and T cell-reactivity to unheated CM and the progressively more heated CM-containing foods. METHODS:CM-containing food extracts from muffin, baked cheese, custard and raw, pasteurized CM commercial extract were tested for skin prick test reactivity, IgE binding and T cell reactivity as assessed by IL-5 and IFNγ production. RESULTS:the skin prick test (SPT) reactivity was significantly decreased to muffin extract compared to raw, pasteurized CM. Both IgE- and T-cell reactivity were readily detectable against food extracts from all forms of CM. Western blot analysis of IgE reactivity revealed variability between extracts that was protein-specific. T cell-reactivity was detected against all four extracts with no significant difference in IL-5 or IFNγ production between them. CONCLUSION:our data indicate that despite reduced clinical reactivity, extracts from heated CM-containing foods retain immunogenicity when tested in vitro, particularly at the T cell level.
| S-EPMC6679079 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundThe analysis of longitudinal birth cohorts with micro-arrayed allergen molecules has provided interesting information about the evolution of IgE sensitization in children. However, so far no cross-sectional study has been performed comparing IgE sensitization profiles in children with and without symptoms of allergy. Furthermore, no data are available regarding molecular IgE sensitization profiles in children from Russia.MethodsWe recruited two groups of age- and gender-matched children, one (Group 1: n = 103; 12.24 ± 2.23 years; male/female: 58/45) with symptoms and a second (Group 2: n = 97; 12.78 ± 2.23 years; male/female: 53/44), without symptoms of allergy according to international ISAAC questionnaire. Children were further studied regarding symptoms of allergy (rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis) according to international guidelines, and skin prick testing with a panel of aeroallergen extracts was performed before sera were analyzed in an investigator-blinded manner for IgE specific to more than 160 micro-arrayed allergen molecules using ImmunoCAP ISAC technology.ResultsIgE sensitization = or >0.3 ISU to at least one of the micro-arrayed allergen molecules was found in 100% of the symptomatic children and in 36% of the asymptomatic children. Symptomatic and asymptomatic children showed a comparable IgE sensitization profile; however, frequencies of IgE sensitization and IgE levels to the individual allergen molecules were higher in the symptomatic children. Aeroallergen sensitization was dominated by sensitization to major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, and major cat allergen, Fel d 1. Food allergen sensitization was due to cross-sensitization to PR10 pollen and food allergens whereas genuine peanut sensitization was absent.ConclusionThis is the first study analyzing molecular IgE sensitization profiles to more than 160 allergen molecules in children with and without symptoms of allergy. It detects similar molecular IgE sensitization profiles in symptomatic and asymptomatic children and identifies Bet v 1 and Fel d 1 as the predominant respiratory allergen molecules and PR10 proteins as the major food allergens and absence of genuine peanut allergy in Moscow region (Russia).
| S-EPMC7891667 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Mosquito allergy is common in tropical countries but remains under-diagnosed. This may be due to the lack of knowledge and diagnostic tools for tropical mosquito allergens. Objective:We aimed to characterize allergens from tropical mosquito species and investigate IgE reactivity in mosquito-allergic patients to the salivary gland proteins from these mosquitoes. Methods:Salivary gland extract (SGE) from 4 mosquito species, highly distributed in the tropics, including Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles dirus b, were studied. SGE-specific IgE and IgG ELISA were developed, and serum from 64 mosquito-allergic and 22 non-allergic healthy control subjects was assayed. Further investigations using IgE-immunoblots followed by mass spectrometry analysis were performed to identify and characterize allergens from each species. Results:Mosquito-allergic subjects have detectable serum IgE to SGE derived from local mosquito species, while the IgE levels to Aedes communis using commercially available ELISA were mostly minimal. IgE-immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry identified 5 novel mosquito allergens from A. albopictus (Aed al 2, Aed al 3), C. quinquefasciatus (Cul q 2.01, Cul q 3), and A. dirus b (Ano d 2). Interestingly, 4 of the 5 new allergens belong to the D7 protein family. Conclusions & clinical relevance:Five novel allergens from 3 tropical mosquito species were characterized. The majority of mosquito-allergic subjects who live in the tropics have IgE reactivity to these allergens. Our study paves the way for the development of diagnostic tests, component-resolved diagnostics, and future immunotherapy for mosquito allergy in tropical countries.
| S-EPMC7031643 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBirch pollen allergic patients frequently experience gastrointestinal upset accompanied by a local allergic inflammation in the small intestine especially during the pollen season. However, it is not known if the GI pathology is connected to the subjective symptoms of the patient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immune pathology of the duodenal mucosa and the serum IgE antibody profiles in birch pollen allergic patients in relation to their gastrointestinal symptoms, during and outside the birch pollen season.MethodsThirty-two patients with birch pollen allergy and sixteen healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Twenty allergic patients had gastrointestinal symptoms and twelve did not. All participants underwent an allergy investigation and gastroscopy with duodenal biopsy. The duodenal biopsies were retrieved during the pollen season (May-June) and off-season (November-March). The biopsies were immunostained for mast cells (IgE and tryptase), eosinophils, T cells (CD3), and dendritic cells (CD11c). Pollen-specific IgE antibodies were determined by ImmunoCAP and component microarray (ISAC).ResultsPatients in both pollen allergic groups showed similar degree of intestinal allergic inflammation during the pollen season regardless of gastrointestinal symptoms. The eosinophils, mast cells and dendritic cells were increased in the mucosa. Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms had significantly elevated IgE antibodies to birch (rBet v 1), hazelnut (rCor a 1), and apple (rMal d1) during the pollen season.ConclusionsPatients allergic to birch pollen have clear signs of an ongoing allergic inflammation in their intestinal mucosa, which is aggravated during the pollen season. The magnitude of the allergic intestinal inflammation is not associated with subjective gastrointestinal symptoms of the individual patient.
| S-EPMC4048541 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn addition to allergen-specific IgE (sIgE), allergen-specific IgG4 (sIgG4) antibodies are also involved in the immune response resulting from an allergen exposure. The aim of our study was to analyze sIgE and sIgG4 patterns in the most common allergic disorders: bronchial asthma, upper airway disorders and atopic dermatitis.MethodsIn this study a screening analysis of blood serum samples from 673 patients aged from 6 months to 17 years with different allergic entities was performed on microarrays. sIgE and sIgG4 levels to the most common allergens were estimated.ResultssIgE response to most pollen allergens is more strongly associated with respiratory diseases than with atopic dermatitis, while sIgE responses to cat and dog dander are more strongly associated with bronchial asthma than with atopic dermatitis and upper airway disorders such as rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis. A lower prevalence of sIgG4 to pollen allergens in cases of atopic dermatitis is observed compared with that in cases of asthma and upper airway disorders. Analyzing all the allergic disorders, one can see that sIgG4 response to inhalant allergens is strongly associated with sensitization to the corresponding allergen.ConclusionAllergen-specific IgE and IgG4 patterns that are relevant to concrete allergic diseases differ by sIgE and sIgG4 prevalences to defined allergens.
| S-EPMC6276220 | biostudies-literature