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GA₃ is superior to GA₄ in promoting bud endodormancy release in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) and their potential working mechanism.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Sufficient low temperature accumulation is the key strategy to break bud dormancy and promote subsequent flowering in tree peony anti-season culturing production. Exogenous gibberellins (GAs) could partially replace chilling to accelerate dormancy release, and different kinds of GAs showed inconsistent effects in various plants. To understand the effects of exogenous GA₃ and GA₄ on dormancy release and subsequent growth, the morphological changes were observed after exogenous GAs applications, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the contents of endogenous phytohormones, starch and sugar were measured, respectively.

Results

Morphological observation and photosynthesis measurements indicated that both GA₃ and GA₄ applications accelerated bud dormancy release, but GA₃ feeding induced faster bud burst, higher shoot and more flowers per plant. Full-length transcriptome of dormant bud was used as the reference genome. Totally 124 110 459, 124 015 148 and 126 239 836 reads by illumina transcriptome sequencing were obtained in mock, GA₃ and GA₄ groups, respectively. Compared with the mock, there were 879 DEGs and 2 595 DEGs in GA₃ and GA₄ group, 1 179 DEGs in GA₃ vs GA₄, and 849 DEGs were common in these comparison groups. The significant enrichment KEGG pathways of 849 DEGs highlighted plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, cell cycle, DNA replication, etc. Interestingly, the contents of endogenous GA₁, GA₃, GA₄, GA₇ and IAA significantly increased, ABA decreased after GA₃ and GA₄ treatments by LC-MS/MS. Additionally, the soluble glucose, fructose and trehalose increased after exogenous GAs applications. Compared to GA₄ treatment, GA₃ induced higher GA₁, GA₃ and IAA level, more starch degradation to generate more monosaccharide for use, and promoted cell cycle and photosynthesis. Higher expression levels of dormancy-related genes, TFL, FT, EBB1, EBB3 and CYCD, and lower of SVP by GA₃ treatment implied more efficiency of GA₃.

Conclusions

Exogenous GA₃ and GA₄ significantly accelerated bud dormancy release and subsequent growth by increasing the contents of endogenous bioactive GAs, IAA, and soluble glucose such as fructose and trehalose, and accelerated cell cycle process, accompanied by decreasing ABA contents. GA₃ was superior to GA₄ in tree peony forcing culture, which might because tree peony was more sensitive to GA₃ than GA₄, and GA₃ had a more effective ability to induce cell division and starch hydrolysis. These results provided the value data for understanding the mechanism of dormancy release in tree peony.

SUBMITTER: Yuxi Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8256580 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundTree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) is a globally famous ornamental flower, with large and colorful flowers and abundant flower types. However, a relatively short and uniform flowering period hinders the applications and production of ornamental tree peony. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanism of regulating flowering time and floral organ development in tree peony has yet to be elucidated. Because of the absence of genomic information, 454-based transcriptome sequence technology for de novo transcriptomics was used to identify the critical flowering genes using re-blooming, non-re-blooming, and wild species of tree peonies.ResultsA total of 29,275 unigenes were obtained from the bud transcriptome, with an N50 of 776 bp. The average length of unigenes was 677.18 bp, and the longest sequence was 5815 bp. Functional annotation showed that 22,823, 17,321, 13,312, 20,041, and 9940 unigenes were annotated by NCBI-NR, Swiss-Prot, COG, GO, and KEGG, respectively. Within the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) 64 flowering-related genes were identified and some important flowering genes were also characterized by bioinformatics methods, reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Then, the putative genetic network of flowering induction pathways and a floral organ development model were put forward, according to the comparisons of DEGs in any two samples and expression levels of the important flowering genes in differentiated buds, buds from different developmental stages, and with GA or vernalization treated. In tree peony, five pathways (long day, vernalization, autonomous, age, and gibberellin) regulated flowering, and the floral organ development followed an ABCE model. Moreover, it was also found that the genes PsAP1, PsCOL1, PsCRY1, PsCRY2, PsFT, PsLFY, PsLHY, PsGI, PsSOC1, and PsVIN3 probably regulated re-blooming of tree peony.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive report on the flowering-related genes in tree peony for the first time and investigated the expression levels of the critical flowering related genes in buds of different cultivars, developmental stages, differentiated primordium, and flower parts. These results could provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of flowering time regulation and floral organ development.

Project description:Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) is a traditional Chinese flower that is not resistant to high temperatures, and the frequent sunburn during summer limits its normal growth. The lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms in tree peony has greatly restricted the improvement of novel heat-tolerant varieties. Therefore, we treated tree peony cultivar "Yuhong" (P. suffruticosa "Yuhong") at normal (25°C) and high temperatures (40°C) and sequenced the transcriptomes, to investigate the molecular responsive mechanisms to heat stress. By comparing the transcriptomes, a total of 7,673 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected comprising 4,220 upregulated and 3,453 downregulated genes. Functional annotation showed that the DEGs were mainly related to the metabolic process, cells and binding, carbon metabolism, and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing. qRT-PCR revealed that three sHSP genes (PsHSP17.8, PsHSP21, and PsHSP27.4) were upregulated in the response of tree peony to heat stress. Tissue quantification of the transgenic lines (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed that all three genes were most highly expressed in the leaves. The survival rates of transgenic lines (PsHSP17.8, PsHSP21, and PsHSP27.4) restored to normal growth after high-temperature treatment were 43, 36, and 31%, respectively. In addition, the activity of superoxide dismutase, accumulation of free proline, and chlorophyll level was higher than those of the wild-type lines, while the malondialdehyde content and conductivity were lower, and the membrane lipid peroxidation reaction of the wild-type plant was more intense. Our research found several processes and pathways related to heat resistance in tree peony including metabolic process, single-organism process, phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum protein synthesis pathway. PsHSP17.8, PsHSP21, and PsHSP27.4 improved heat tolerance by increasing SOD activity and proline content. These findings can provide genetic resources for understanding the heat-resistance response of tree peony and benefit future germplasm innovation.

Project description:With the global temperature increase, diverse endogenous factors and environmental cues can lead to severe obstacles to bud endodormancy release for important economic plants, such as herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.). Knowing the underlying mechanism in bud endodormancy release is vital for widely planting herbaceous peony at low latitudes with warm winter climates. A systematic study was carried out between the southern Chinese cultivar 'Hang Baishao' with low-chilling requirement (CR) trait and the northern cultivar 'Zhuguang' with high-CR trait. Peony buds were sampled at regular intervals under natural cold during the crucial bud endodormancy release stage. Physiology and morphology of the buds were observed, and the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and relevant genes in the regulation of bud endodormancy release were also highlighted, which has been rather rare in previous bud dormancy studies of both herbaceous and tree peonies. The expression of the starch metabolism- and sucrose synthesis-related genes PlAMY PlSPS and PlSUS was lower in the high-CR 'Zhuguang' and corresponded to a lower content of soluble sugars. The expression of polyamine oxidase gene PlPAO2 correlated with a higher level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in high-CR 'Zhuguang' than in low CR 'Hang Baishao' during bud endodormancy. Expression of PlMAPKKK5, an intermediate gene in the abscisic acid (ABA) response to ROS signaling, correlated with ROS levels and ABA content. We present the hypothesis that accumulation of ROS increases ABA content and decreases GA3 content and signal transduction leading to reduced expression of PlSVP and PlSOC1. Reduced cell division and increased cellular damage which probably blocked bud endodormancy release were also observed in high-CR 'Zhuguang' through histological observation and related genes expression. This study provides a comparative analysis on physiological responses and gene expression patterns of bud dormancy of geophytes in an increasingly unsuitable environment.

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GA₃ is superior to GA₄ in promoting bud endodormancy release in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) and their potential working mechanism.

Background

Results

Conclusions

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GA3 is superior to GA4 in promoting bud endodormancy release in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) and their potential working mechanism.

Background

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OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

GA₃ is superior to GA₄ in promoting bud endodormancy release in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) and their potential working mechanism.