Maternal outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 severity among pregnant women.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Vouga M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8260739 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ImportanceWomen with disabilities have a higher risk of preterm birth, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery; however, their risk of other obstetric interventions, adverse maternal outcomes, and clinical indications for increased cesarean delivery is unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate risk of a range of obstetric interventions and adverse maternal outcomes, including severe maternal morbidities (SMM) and mortality, among women with and without disabilities.Design, setting, and participantsThe Consortium on Safe Labor was a retrospective cohort that included comprehensive medical chart review for deliveries between January 2002 and January 2008. Data were collected from 12 clinical sites, which included 19 hospitals across the United States. This secondary analysis was conducted in February to July 2021.ExposuresUsing International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes and a validated algorithm to define disability, participants were classified as having physical, intellectual, sensory, or any disability, and compared with women with no documented disability.Main outcomes and measuresThe relative risk (RR) of 23 obstetric interventions and adverse maternal outcomes, including SMM and mortality, was evaluated.ResultsOf the 223 385 women in the study, 9206 (4.1%) were Asian or Pacific Islander, 50 235 (22.5%) were Black, 39 039 (17.5%) were Hispanic, and 110 443 (49.4%) were White, with a mean (SD) age of 27.6 (6.2) years. There were 2074 (0.9%) women with disability and 221 311 (99.1%) without. Among women with disabilities, 1733 (83.5%) were physical, 91 (4.4%) were intellectual, and 250 (12.1%) were sensory. Compared with women with no disability, women with disabilities had higher risk of gestational diabetes, placenta previa, premature rupture of membranes, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and postpartum fever as well as maternal death (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 11.19; 95% CI, 2.40-52.19) and individual SMMs: severe preeclampsia/eclampsia (aRR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.80-2.56), hemorrhage (aRR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09-1.49), and fever (aRR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03-1.67), with the highest risk observed for thromboembolism (aRR, 6.08; 95% CI, 4.03-9.16), cardiovascular events (aRR, 4.02; 95% CI, 2.87-5.63), and infection (aRR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.97-3.67). Women with any disability also had higher risk of interventions, including oxytocin augmentation, operative vaginal delivery, and cesarean delivery (aRR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.25-1.42), with the cesarean indication less likely to be medically indicated (aRR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70-0.89). Risk of adverse outcomes and interventions remained consistent across disability categories.Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, women with physical, intellectual, and sensory disability during pregnancy were at higher risk of adverse outcomes, including a broad range of SMM and maternal mortality.
| S-EPMC8674748 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is a paucity of information regarding actual prevalence of COVID-19 in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 infection and clinical outcome in pregnant women and non-pregnant women.MethodsThis is a nationwide cross-sectional study in South Korea between January 2020 and February 2021 using the claim database. The primary outcome was the prevalence of COVID-19 in pregnant women, and the secondary outcome was the occurrence of severe COVID-19 illness among infected patients. Severity of COVID-19 was classified into four categories according to WHO ordinal scale.ResultsThe prevalence of COVID-19 infection was lower in pregnant women than non-pregnant women aged 20-44 (0·02% vs. 0.14%, p < 0.0001). However, among COVID-19 positive women at age 20-44, pregnant women was at higher risk of oxygen therapy after hospitalization (score 4 in WHO ordinal scale: 6.4% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.05). There were no deaths or hospitalized severe disease in pregnant women with COVID-19, although the majority of them (96·2%) were admitted to hospital. On the other hand, 42·3% of non-pregnant women at 20-44 age were admitted to hospital and 0.04% of them died and 0.1% had hospitalized severe disease.ConclusionsThe prevalence of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women was lower than non-pregnant women in Korea, resulting in relatively small cases of fatality. It has implications that public health policy, such as an effective response to COVID-19 and a powerful preemptive strategy for pregnant women, can lower risk of COVID-19 infection and better clinical outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19.
| S-EPMC8761582 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionAlthough the European Medicines Agency (EMA) encourage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in pregnant women, the scientific evidence supporting the use of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy is still limited.AimWe aimed to investigate adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy.MethodsWe retrieved Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) related to the use of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy from the EudraVigilance database for the year 2021. We analyzed AEFI related to the mother and fetus/newborn. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) was computed to compare the reporting probability of spontaneous abortion between COVID-19 vaccines.ResultsDuring the study period, among 1,315,315 ICSRs related to COVID-19 vaccines, we retrieved 3,252 (0.25%) reports related to the use in pregnancy. More than half (58.24%) of ICSRs were submitted by non-healthcare professionals. Although the majority (87.82%) of ICSRs concerned serious AEFI, their outcomes were mostly favorable. In this study, 85.0% of total ICSRs referred to pregnant women (n = 2,764), while 7.9% referred to fetuses/newborns (n = 258). We identified 16,569 AEFI. Moreover, 55.16% were AEFI not related to pregnancy (mostly headache, pyrexia, and fatigue), while 17.92% were pregnancy-, newborn-, or fetus-related AEFI. Among pregnancy-related AEFI, the most reported was spontaneous abortion. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines had a lower reporting probability of spontaneous abortion than viral vector-based vaccines (ROR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.93). Moderna and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines had a higher reporting probability of spontaneous abortion (ROR 1.2, 95% CI 1.05-1.38 and ROR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08-1.47, respectively), while a lower reporting probability was found for Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine compared with all other COVID-19 vaccines (ROR 0.73, 95% CI 0.64-0.84). In addition, 5.8% of ICSRs reported a fatal outcome.ConclusionsNo strong insight of unknown AEFI associated with COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women was observed. Considering the high risk associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, our analysis suggests that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy outweigh the possible risks. However, it is important to continue monitoring the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines in this subpopulation.
| S-EPMC9574088 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe primary goal of the presented cross-sectional observational study was to determine the clinical and demographic risk factors for adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in the Pakistani population.MethodsWe examined the individuals (n = 6331) that consulted two private diagnostic centers in Lahore, Pakistan, for COVID-19 testing between May 1, 2020, and November 30, 2020. The attending nurse collected clinical and demographic information. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as having a positive result through real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasopharyngeal swab specimens.ResultsRT-PCR testing was positive in 1094 cases. Out of which, 5.2% had severe, and 20.8% had mild symptoms. We observed a strong association of COVID-19 severity with the number and type of comorbidities. The severity of the disease intensified as the number of comorbidities increased. The most vulnerable groups for the poor outcome are patients with diabetes and hypertension. Increasing age was also associated with PCR positivity and the severity of the disease.ConclusionsMost cases of COVID-19 included in this study developed mild symptoms or were asymptomatic. Risk factors for adverse outcomes included older age and the simultaneous presence of comorbidities.
| S-EPMC8357125 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo compare hospitalized reproductive age women with COVID-19 who were pregnant, puerperal, or neither one nor the other in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics and disease progression using Brazilian epidemiological data.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the records of the Information System of the Epidemiological Surveillance of Influenza of the Health Ministry of Brazil was performed. It included the data of female patients aged 10 to 49 years hospitalized because of severe COVID-19 disease (RT-PCR+ for SARS-CoV-2), from February 17, 2020 to January 02, 2021. They were separated into 3 groups: pregnant, puerperal, and neither pregnant nor puerperal. General comparisons and then adjustments for confounding variables (propensity score matching [PSM]) were made, using demographic and clinical characteristics, disease progression (admission to the intensive care unit [ICU] and invasive or noninvasive ventilatory support), and outcome (cure or death). Deaths were analyzed in each group according to comorbidities, invasive or noninvasive ventilatory support, and admission to the ICU.ResultsAs many as 40,640 reproductive age women hospitalized for COVID-19 were identified: 3,372 were pregnant, 794 were puerperal, and 36,474 were neither pregnant nor puerperal. Groups were significantly different in terms of demographic data and comorbidities (p<0.0001). Pregnant and puerperal women were less likely to be symptomatic than the women who were neither one nor the other (72.1%, 69.7% and 88.8%, respectively). Pregnant women, however, had a higher frequency of anosmia, and ageusia than the others. After PSM, puerperal women had a worse prognosis than pregnant women with respect to admission to the ICU, invasive ventilatory support, and death, with OR (95% CI) 1.97 (1.55 - 2.50), 2.71 (1.78 - 4.13), and 2.51 (1.79 - 3.52), respectively.ConclusionPuerperal women were at a higher risk for serious outcomes (need for the ICU, need for invasive and noninvasive ventilatory support, and death) than pregnant women.
| S-EPMC8592461 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is evolving rapidly worldwide. However, little is known about the association between pregnant women with COVID-19 and the risk of adverse birth outcomes. METHOD:We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on the Maternal and Child Health Information System (MCHIMS) of Wuhan, China. All pregnant women with singleton live birth recorded by the system between January 13 and March 18, 2020, were included. The adverse birth outcomes were preterm birth, low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, premature rupture of membrane (PROM), and cesarean section delivery. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between maternal COVID-19 diagnosis and adverse birth outcomes. RESULTS:Out of 11,078 pregnant women, 65 were confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). No deaths occurred from these confirmed cases or their newborns. Compared to pregnant women without COVID-19, pregnant women with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis had an increased risk of preterm birth (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.60-7.00) and cesarean section (OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.95-6.76). There was no statistical difference in low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, and PROM between the mothers with and without COVID-19. Among these newborns that were born to mothers with confirmed COVID-19, none was tested severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive or had abnormal CT results. Only one had diarrhea and three had a fever. CONCLUSIONS:This population-based cohort study suggests that COVID-19 during the later pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, including iatrogenic preterm birth and cesarean section delivery. Our data provide little evidence for maternal-fetal vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. It is important to monitor the long-term health effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women and their children.
| S-EPMC7568966 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7611277 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo the best of our knowledge, no study has exhaustively evaluated the association between maternal morbidities and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the first wave of the pandemic in pregnant women. We investigated, in natural conceptions and assisted reproductive technique (ART) pregnancies, whether maternal morbidities were more frequent in pregnant women with COVID-19 diagnosis compared to pregnant women without COVID-19 diagnosis during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and findingsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in a national cohort of all hospitalizations for births ≥22 weeks of gestation in France from January to June 2020 using the French national hospitalization database (PMSI). Pregnant women with COVID-19 were identified if they had been recorded in the database using the ICD-10 (International Classification of Disease) code for presence of a hospitalization for COVID-19. A total of 244,645 births were included, of which 874 (0.36%) in the COVID-19 group. Maternal morbidities and adverse obstetrical outcomes among those with or without COVID-19 were analyzed with a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted on patient characteristics. Among pregnant women, older age (31.1 (±5.9) years old versus 30.5 (±5.4) years old, respectively, p < 0.001), obesity (0.7% versus 0.3%, respectively, p < 0.001), multiple pregnancy (0.7% versus 0.4%, respectively, p < 0.001), and history of hypertension (0.9% versus 0.3%, respectively, p < 0.001) were more frequent with COVID-19 diagnosis. Active smoking (0.2% versus 0.4%, respectively, p < 0.001) and primiparity (0.3% versus 0.4%, respectively, p < 0.03) were less frequent with COVID-19 diagnosis. Frequency of ART conception was not different between those with and without COVID-19 diagnosis (p = 0.28). When compared to the non-COVID-19 group, women in the COVID-19 group had a higher frequency of admission to ICU (5.9% versus 0.1%, p < 0.001), mortality (0.2% versus 0.005%, p < 0.001), preeclampsia/eclampsia (4.8% versus 2.2%, p < 0.001), gestational hypertension (2.3% versus 1.3%, p < 0.03), postpartum hemorrhage (10.0% versus 5.7%, p < 0.001), preterm birth at <37 weeks of gestation (16.7% versus 7.1%, p < 0.001), <32 weeks of gestation (2.2% versus 0.8%, p < 0.001), <28 weeks of gestation (2.4% versus 0.8%, p < 0.001), induced preterm birth (5.4% versus 1.4%, p < 0.001), spontaneous preterm birth (11.3% versus 5.7%, p < 0.001), fetal distress (33.0% versus 26.0%, p < 0.001), and cesarean section (33.0% versus 20.2%, p < 0.001). Rates of pregnancy terminations ≥22 weeks of gestation, stillbirths, gestational diabetes, placenta praevia, and placenta abruption were not significantly different between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. The number of venous thromboembolic events was too low to perform statistical analysis. A limitation of this study relies in the possibility that asymptomatic infected women were not systematically detected.ConclusionsWe observed an increased frequency of pregnant women with maternal morbidities and diagnosis of COVID-19 compared to pregnant women without COVID-19. It appears essential to be aware of this, notably in populations at known risk of developing a more severe form of infection or obstetrical morbidities and in order for obstetrical units to better inform pregnant women and provide the best care. Although causality cannot be determined from these associations, these results may be in line with recent recommendations in favor of vaccination for pregnant women.
| S-EPMC8631654 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 has been associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. It has been determined that the old population are not only at an increased risk for affliction with COVID-19 infection, but also atypical presentations, severe forms of the disease, and mortality are more common in this population. A plethora of mechanisms and risk factors contribute to the higher risk of infection in the old population. For instance, aging is associated with an increment in the expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which precipitates replication of the virus in the old population. On the other hand, immune dysregulation and changes in gut microbiota as a result of aging can contribute to the cytokine storm, one of the main indicators of disease severity. Decrement in sex steroids, especially in women, as well as growth hormone, both of which have crucial roles in immune regulation, is a key contributor to disease severity in old age. Senescence-associated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in both pneumocytes and immune cells contribute to the severity of infection in an exacerbative manner. In addition, lifestyle-associated factors such as nutrition and physical activity, which are compromised in old age, are known as important factors in COVID-19 infection. Aging-associated comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus, also put older adults at an increased risk of complications, and disease severity.
| S-EPMC8329427 | biostudies-literature
Project description:COVID-19 is highly transmissible; however, its severity varies from one individual to another. Variability among different isolates of the virus and among its receptor (ACE2) may contribute to this severity, but comorbidity plays a major role on disease prognosis. Many comorbidities have been reported to be associated with severe COVID-19 patients. We have collected data from retrospective studies which include clinical and epidemiological features of patients and categorize them into severe/mild, ICU/non-ICU and survivors/dead patients. In this review, we give an update about SARS-CoV-2 structure with emphasis on the possible reasons for the severity of the virus in patients. We also collected information and patients' data to highlight the relation between COVID-19 patients and comorbidities.
| S-EPMC8265317 | biostudies-literature