A novel mechanism driving poor-prognostic gastric cancer: overexpression of the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 16 promotes growth and metastasis of gastric cancer through regulating the Notch pathway.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Sun DP
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8263687 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:To investigate Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) expression in gastric cancer and its relationship with angiogenesis and prognosis of gastric cancer.One hundred and fifty-four patients with gastric cancer who underwent successful curative resection were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Fifty tumor-adjacent healthy gastric tissues (? 5 cm from the tumor margin) obtained during the original resection were randomly selected for comparative analysis. In situ expression of KLF8 and CD34 proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry. The intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) was determined by manually counting the immunostained CD34-positive endothelial cells in three consecutive high-magnification fields (× 200). The relationship between differential KLF8 expression and MVD was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient test. ?² test was performed to evaluate the effects of differential KLF8 expression on clinicopathologic factors. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox survival analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of differential KLF8 expression in gastric cancer.Significantly higher levels of KLF8 protein were detected in gastric cancer tissues than in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (54.5% vs 34.0%, P < 0.05). KLF8 expression was associated with tumor size (P < 0.001), local invasion (P = 0.005), regional lymph node metastasis (P = 0.029), distant metastasis (P = 0.023), and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.002), as well as the MVD (r = 0.392, P < 0.001). Patients with KLF8 positive expression had poorer overall survival (P < 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (P < 0.001) than those with negative expression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that KLF8 expression independently affected both overall and cancer-specific survival of gastric cancer patients (P = 0.035 and 0.042, respectively).KLF8 is closely associated with gastric tumor progression, angiogenesis and poor prognosis, suggesting it may represent a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
| S-EPMC3718898 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is well known for its rapid distant metastasis and local destructive behavior. Loss of Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) contributes to distant migration of PDAC. The role of KLF10 in modulating tumorigenesis and stem cell phenotypes of PDAC is unclear.MethodsAdditional depletion of KLF10 in KC (LSL: KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre) mice, a spontaneous murine PDAC model, was established to evaluate tumorigenesis. Tumor specimens of PDAC patients were immune-stained of KLF10 to correlate with local recurrence after curative resection. Conditional overexpressing KLF10 in MiaPaCa and stably depleting KLF10 in Panc-1 (Panc-1-pLKO-shKLF10) cells were established for evaluating sphere formation, stem cell markers expression and tumor growth. The signal pathways modulated by KLF10 for PDAC stem cell phenotypes were disclosed by microarray analysis and validated by western blot, qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter assay. Candidate targets to reverse PDAC tumor growth were demonstrated in murine model.ResultsKLF10, deficient in two-thirds of 105 patients with resected pancreatic PDAC, was associated with rapid local recurrence and large tumor size. Additional KLF10 depletion in KC mice accelerated progression from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia to PDAC. Increased sphere formation, expression of stem cell markers, and tumor growth were observed in Panc-1-pLKO-shKLF10 compared with vector control. Genetically or pharmacologically overexpression of KLF10 reversed the stem cell phenotypes induced by KLF10 depletion. Ingenuity pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis showed that Notch signaling molecules, including Notch receptors 3 and 4, were over-expressed in Panc-1-pLKO-shKLF10. KLF10 transcriptionally suppressed Notch-3 and -4 by competing with E74-like ETS transcription factor 3, a positive regulator, for promoter binding. Downregulation of Notch signaling, either genetically or pharmacologically, ameliorated the stem cell phenotypes of Panc-1-pLKO-shKLF10. The combination of metformin, which upregulated KLF10 expression via phosphorylating AMPK, and evodiamine, a non-toxic Notch-3 methylation stimulator, delayed tumor growth of PDAC with KLF10 deficiency in mice without prominent toxicity.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated a novel signaling pathway by which KLF10 modulates stem cell phenotypes in PDAC through transcriptionally regulating Notch signaling pathway. The elevation of KLF10 and suppression of Notch signaling may jointly reduce PDAC tumorigenesis and malignant progression.
| S-EPMC10258947 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Diacylglycerol kinase iota (DGKI) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and is associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer. This study evaluated the prognostic value of DGKI in gastric cancer (GC) using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods: RNA sequencing results and clinical data of gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma samples were obtained from the TCGA database (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov). The Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between DGKI and the clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients. Univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients and the relationship between DGKI and overall survival time, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of GC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using the TCGA dataset. Results: DGKI was overexpressed in gastric tumors and was related to poor prognosis (p = 0.003). Overexpression of DGKI in GC was significantly correlated with high grade (OR = 1.71 for G3 vs. G2), stage (OR = 2.08 for II vs. I) and T classification (OR = 4.64 for T4 vs. T1; OR = 3.99 for T3 vs. T1; OR = 3.37 for T2 vs. T1) (all p <0.05). DGKI (OR = 7.34; p = 0.000) was an independent risk factor affecting the survival of GC patients. The MAPK signaling pathway was differentially enriched with DGKI overexpression. Conclusion: DGKI overexpression may be a potential molecular marker for poor prognosis in GC. The MAPK signaling pathway may be one of the key pathways related to DGKI regulation in GC.
| S-EPMC7358307 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16), a member of the KLF family, is involved in metabolism and regulation of the endocrine system and has emerging roles in tumor progression. However, the expression of KLF16 and its role in breast cancer are elusive. Methods:We investigated the expression and prognostic value of KLFs in breast cancer using data acquired from the TCGA BRCA dataset and the Kaplan-Meier plotter dataset. The protein levels of KLF16 in breast specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). KLF16 silencing using shRNAs was performed to explore the effects of KLF16 on breast cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion. The expression of EMT markers in cells manipulated for KLF16 expression was assessed by Western blotting. Results:Using publicly available dataset and specimens from breast cancer patients, we found that the expression levels of KLF16 were significantly higher in tumor tissues and that high levels of KLF16 were associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Moreover, KLF16 expression levels had relation to several clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer, including the molecular subtype and histological grade. Importantly, knockdown of KLF16 dramatically suppressed cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Also, KLF16 deletion impaired migration, and invasion in breast cancer cells, and suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conclusion:Our results suggest that KLF16 has important oncogenic functions in breast cancer and that the expression levels of KLF16 are associated with prognosis in breast cancer patients. Our findings also suggest that KLF16 is involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion in breast cancer cells. Thus, KLF16 might be a promising prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
| S-EPMC7419641 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gastric cancer (GC) is the third cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Nevertheless, because GC screening programs are not cost-effective, most patients receive diagnosis in the advanced stages, when surgical options are limited. Peritoneal dissemination occurs in approximately one-third of patients with GC at the diagnosis and is a strong predictor of poor outcome. Despite the clinical relevance, biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of peritoneal metastasis in GC remain poorly defined. Here, we report results of a high-throughput sequencing of transcriptome expression in paired samples of non-neoplastic and neoplastic gastric samples from 31 patients with GC with or without peritoneal carcinomatosis. The RNA-seq analysis led to the discovery of a group of highly upregulated or downregulated genes, including the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) and one cut domain family member 2 (ONECUT2) that were differentially modulated in patients with peritoneal disease in comparison with patients without peritoneal involvement. Both LIFR and ONECUT2 predicted survival at univariate statistical analysis. LIFR and its major ligand LIF belong to the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family and have a central role in immune system regulation, carcinogenesis, and dissemination in several human cancers. To confirm the mechanistic role of the LIF/LIFR pathway in promoting GC progression, GC cell lines were challenged in vitro with LIF and a LIFR inhibitor. Among several GC cell lines, MKN45 cells displayed the higher expression of the receptor, and their exposure to LIF promotes a concentration-dependent proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as shown by modulation of relative expression of E-cadherin/vimentin along with JAK and STAT3 phosphorylation and acquisition of a migratory phenotype. Furthermore, exposure to LIF promoted the adhesion of MKN45 cells to the peritoneum in an ex vivo assay. These effects were reversed by the pharmacological blockade of LIFR signaling. Together, these data suggest that LIFR might have a major role in promoting disease progression and peritoneal dissemination in patients with GC and that development of LIF/LIFR inhibitors might have a role in the treatment of GC.
| S-EPMC9280277 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Peroxiredoxin IV (PRDX4) is a multifunctional protein that is involved in cell protection against oxidative injury, regulation of cell proliferation, modulation of intracellular signaling, and the pathogenesis of tumors. We previously conducted a proteomic analysis to investigate tumor-specific protein expression in gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PRDX4 could be a marker of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate PRDX4 as a prognostic marker for gastric cancer. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of PRDX4 expression in AGS cells and MKN28 cells was used for functional studies, and PRDX4 overexpression in PRDX4-depleted cells was used for knock-in studies. Based on immunohistochemistry data, TNM stage and PRDX4 were independent prognostic factors in the Cox proportional hazard model (P<0.05). In the survival analysis, the PRDX4-overexpressing group demonstrated significantly worse survival than the PRDX4-underexpression group (P<0.01). In vitro, knockdown of PRDX4 expression by shRNA caused a significant decrease in cancer invasion. Conversely, overexpression of PRDX4 in PRDX4-depleted cancer cells promoted migration and invasion. By measuring the expression of EMT-related genes, we found that E-cadherin was increased in shPRDX4 cells compared with control shMKN28 cells, and snail and slug were decreased in shPRDX4-1 cells compared with sh-control cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of these genes could be recovered in rescue experiments. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that PRDX4 is a marker of poor prognosis in gastric cancer and that PRDX4 is associated with cancer cell migration and invasion via EMT.
| S-EPMC7114939 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which KLF6-SV1 promoted lung cancer metastasis through tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Plasmid transfection was used to construct cells that upregulated or silenced gene. Tumor-bearing mouse model was established using A549 cells. SP staining was performed to detect the CD163 and CD68. Six-well plates and Transwell chamber were used for co-culture of lung cancer A549 cells and macrophages. CCK-8 and Transwell assay were applied to detected the cell viability and migration respectively. Protein and mRNA were tested by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).KLF6-SV1 overexpression promoted the expression levels of TWIST1 and CCL2, and also induce macrophage polarization to M2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro experiments showed that KLF6-SV1 might regulate the migration of lung cancer cells by regulating the expression of TWIST1 and CCL-2. M2 macrophages did not affect the expression of KLF6-SV1, TWIST1 and CCL-2. The co-culture system could up-regulate the EMT of A549 cells.Overexpression of KLF6-SV1 promoted the expression of TWIST1 and CCL2, and up-regulation of TWIST1 expression might promote the infiltration of M2 macrophages, which promoted the involvement of EMT in the metastasis of lung cancer cells.
| S-EPMC6605981 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine phosphate (cGMP) play important roles in blood pressure regulation, neurotransmitter delivery, renal function, and tumorigenesis and development. The intermediate link of this signaling pathway, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), is particularly important. However, the role of the GUCY1A2 gene encoding the sGC α2 subunit is unknown.MethodsGene expression and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. After screening for GUCY1A2 expression, the expression differences between gastric cancer (GC) tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues were determined using R software. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and meta-analysis were used to verify the result. The correlation between the expression of GUCY1A2 and clinicopathological parameters was explored by logistic regression. Then, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the relationship between the expression of GUCY1A2 and the survival of GC patients. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore and analyze the GC-related signaling pathways affected by high GUCY1A2 expression.ResultsWe found that GUCY1A2 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < 0.001). qRT-PCR (P < 0.001) and meta-analysis (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.20-1.10) confirmed the difference in GUCY1A2 expression. Logistic regression analysis showed that high expression of GUCY1A2 was associated with histological grade (OR=1.858 for poor vs. well or moderate, P = 0.004) and T stage (OR = 3.389 for T3 vs. T1, P = 0.025; OR = 3.422 for T4 vs. T1, P = 0.028). Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that GC patients with high expression of GUCY1A2 had a poor prognosis than that of patients with low expression. Univariate analysis indicated that GUCY1A2 and some clinicopathological parameters, such as age, pathological stage, and TNM stage, may predict poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that GUCY1A2 was an independent prognostic marker (HR = 1.699; 95%CI, 1.175-2.456; P = 0.005). GSEA showed that the high GUCY1A2 phenotype is significantly enriched for tumor-associated signaling pathways.ConclusionsGUCY1A2 is highly expressed in GC and may be used as a potential prognostic marker.
| S-EPMC8185334 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The serine protease inhibitor clade E member 1 (SERPINE1) is a major inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase, and has been implicated in the development and progression of a variety of tumors. In this study, mRNA microarray and TCGA database were used to comprehensively analyze the upregulation of SERPINE1 in gastric cancer (GC) tissues compared with the normal stomach tissues. Kaplan-Meier results confirmed that patients with high SERPINE1 expression exhibited worse overall survival and disease-free survival. In addition, cell proliferation, cell scratches, transwell migration and invasion assay showed that SERPINE1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC ells. Western blot showed that the expression of VEGF and IL-6 was significantly upregulated after overexpression of SERPINE1. Meanwhile, SERPINE1 was positively correlated with the level of immune infiltration using the online analysis tools TISIDB and TIMER. And SERPINE1 expression increased with the increase of malignancy of GC which were detected by Immunohistochemistry. Finally, tumorigenesis experiments in nude mice further demonstrated that SERPINE1 could promote the occurrence and development of GC, while deletion of SERPINE1 inhibited the progression of GC. In summary, SERPINE1 was highly expressed in GC tissues, and SERPINE1 was helpful for differential diagnosis of pathological grade of gastric mucosal lesions. SERPINE1 might regulate the expression of VEGF and IL-6 through the VEGF signaling pathway and JAK-STAT3 inflammatory signaling pathway, thus ultimately affecting the invasion and migration of GC cells.
| S-EPMC8817868 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2) plays an important role in tumor progression and prognosis evaluation. However, little information is available about its potential role in gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate the function of EIF5A2 in tumor progression and its potential mechanisms. EIF5A2 expression was measured in human gastric cancer cell lines, the immortalized gastric mucosal epithelial cell line (GES-1) and human gastric cancer tissues and knocked down by RNA interference or upregulated by EIF5A2 plasmid transfection. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed in vitro. The downstream targets of EIF5A2 were examined by western blotting. EIF5A2 and its potential target metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) expression were examined in 160 pairs of human gastric cancer and adjacent non-tumor specimens using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, and its correlation with clinicopathological features and survival was investigated. Knockdown of EIF5A2 or MTA1 caused an apparent suppression of HGC27 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. After knockdown of EIF5A2 in HGC27 cells, E-cadherin levels were upregulated and vimentin, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, C-MYC and MTA1 levels were downregulated. Upregulation of EIF5A2 in MKN45 cells resulted in the converse. IHC results showed a positive correlation between EIF5A2 and MTA1 expression in gastric cancers (P<0.001). Both EIF5A2 and MTA1 overexpression were correlated with pT stage (P=0.018 and P=0.042), pN stage (P=0.037 and P=0.020) and lymphovascular invasion (P=0.016 and P=0.044). EIF5A2 or MTA1 overexpression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival (All P<0.05). Multivariate analyses identified EIF5A2 as an independent predictor for both overall survival (P=0.012) and disease-free survival (P=0.008) in gastric cancer patients. Our findings indicate that EIF5A2 upregulation plays an important oncogenic role in gastric cancer. EIF5A2 may represent a new predictor for poor survival and is a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
| S-EPMC4368542 | biostudies-literature