The relation between childhood adversity and adult obesity in a population-based study in women and men.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Fleischer T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8263764 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Childhood adversity affects later health, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Although there is some evidence from animal models and case-control studies of a role for DNA methylation, evidence from human population-based studies is limited. In two cohorts (mothers from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ALSPAC, n = 780 and women from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, NSHD, n = 552), we assessed the association of seven adverse childhood experiences (ACEs: parental physical illness, parental mental illness, parental death, parental separation, suboptimal maternal bonding, childhood illness and child maltreatment) as well as their combination (ACE score) with genome-wide DNA methylation levels measured using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in peripheral blood at mean age 47 years (ALSPAC) and in buccal cells at age 53 years (NSHD). CpG sites with a genome-wide false discovery rate (FDR) below 0.05 and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with one-step Šidák correction p-values below 0.05 in each cohort were examined in the other cohort. No individual CpG sites replicated across cohorts. However, nine DMRs replicated across cohorts respectively associated with the ACE score (one region), parental mental illness (two regions), parental physical illness (three regions) and parental death (three regions). These observations indicate that some adverse childhood experiences, notably those related to parental health, may leave imprints on peripheral DNA methylation that persist to mid-life.
| S-EPMC6277431 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have consistently been associated with elevated risk of multiple adverse health outcomes, yet their contribution to coping ability and psychiatric resilience in adulthood is unclear. Cross-sectional data were derived from the ongoing Stress-And-Gene-Analysis cohort, representing 30% of the Icelandic nationwide female population, 18-69 years. Participants in the current study were 26,198 women with data on 13 ACEs measured with the ACE-International Questionnaire. Self-reported coping ability was measured with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and psychiatric resilience was operationalized as absence of psychiatric morbidity. Generalized linear regression assuming normal or Poisson distribution were used to assess the associations of ACEs with coping ability and psychiatric resilience controlling for multiple confounders. Number of ACEs was inversely associated with adult resilience in a dose-dependent manner; every 1SD unit increase in ACE scores was associated with both lower levels of coping ability (β = -0.14; 95% CI-0.15,-0.13) and lower psychiatric resilience (β = -0.28; 95% CI-0.29,-0.27) in adulthood. Compared to women with 0 ACEs, women with ≥5 ACEs had 36% lower prevalence of high coping ability (PR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.59,0.70) and 58% lower prevalence of high psychiatric resilience (PR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.39,0.45). Specific ACEs including emotional neglect, bullying, sexual abuse and mental illness of household member were consistently associated with reduced adult resilience. We observed only slightly attenuated associations after controlling for adult socioeconomic factors and social support in adulthood. Cumulative ACE exposure is associated with lower adult resilience among women, independent of adult socioeconomic factors and social support, indicating that adult resilience may be largely determined in childhood. This work was supported by the European Research Council (Consolidator grant; UAV, grant number 726413), and the Icelandic Center for Research (Grant of excellence; UAV, grant number 163362-051). HBD was supported by a doctoral grant from the University of Iceland Research Fund.
| S-EPMC8806181 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9198342 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHigh childhood obesity prevalence has raised concerns about future adult health, generating calls for obesity screening of young children.ObjectiveTo estimate how well childhood obesity predicts adult obesity and to forecast obesity-related health of future US adults.DesignLongitudinal statistical analyses; microsimulations combining multiple data sets.Data sourcesNational Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Population Study of Income Dynamics, and National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Surveys.MethodsThe authors estimated test characteristics and predictive values of childhood body mass index to identify 2-, 5-, 10-, and 15 year-olds who will become obese adults. The authors constructed models relating childhood body mass index to obesity-related diseases through middle age stratified by sex and race.ResultsTwelve percent of 18-year-olds were obese. While screening at age 5 would miss 50% of those who become obese adults, screening at age 15 would miss 9%. The predictive value of obesity screening below age 10 was low even when maternal obesity was included as a predictor. Obesity at age 5 was a substantially worse predictor of health in middle age than was obesity at age 15. For example, the relative risk of developing diabetes as adults for obese white male 15-year-olds was 4.5 versus otherwise similar nonobese 15-year-olds. For obese 5-year-olds, the relative risk was 1.6.LimitationMain results do not include Hispanics due to sample size. Past relationships between childhood and adult obesity and health may change in the future.ConclusionEarly childhood obesity assessment adds limited information to later childhood assessment. Targeted later childhood approaches or universal strategies to prevent unhealthy weight gain should be considered.
| S-EPMC3968272 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this paper was to better understand how child and adult adversities cluster together into classes, and how these classes relate to body weight and obesity. Analyses included 2015 and 2018 data from emerging adults (18-25 years old) who participated in a state surveillance system of 2- and 4-year college students in Minnesota (N = 7475 in 2015 and N = 6683 in 2018). Latent Class Analyses (LCA) of 12 child and adult adversities were run stratified by gender and replicated between 2015 and 2018. The distal outcome procedure and three-step Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars approach were used to estimate predicted BMI means and predicted probabilities of obesity for each class, adjusted for covariates. The LCA identified seven classes in women and 5 in men. In women, BMI ranged from 23.9 kg/m2 in the lowest-BMI class ("Adult Adversities and Childhood Household Dysfunction"; 95% CI: 22.6-25.1) to 27.3 kg/m2 in the highest-BMI class ("High Lifetime Adversities"; 95% CI: 25.9-28.7), a statistically significant difference of 3.4 kg/m2. In men, the adjusted BMIs ranged from 24.6 kg/m2 ("Low Adversities"; 95% CI: 24.3-25.0) to 26.0 kg/m2 ("Childhood Household Mental Illness"; 95% CI: 25.1-26.9), a statistically significant difference of 1.4 kg/m2. The pattern was similar for obesity. These results indicate that specific classes of child and adult adversities are strongly associated with BMI and obesity, particularly in women. A key contribution of LCA appeared to be identification of small classes at high risk for excess weight.
| S-EPMC8149137 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Female sex is a risk factor for long-term adverse outcome in cancer survivors, however very little is known for the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms rendering the increased risk. This study investigated sex-specifically the relation between thrombin generation (TG) with and without presence of platelets and vascular function in 200 adult survivors of a childhood cancer compared to 335 population-based control individuals. TG lag time, peak height and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) measured in presence and absence of platelets were correlated to reflection index (RI) and stiffness index (SI). A sex-specific correlation analysis showed a negative relation in female survivors for platelet-dependent peak height and/or ETP and RI only. An age adjusted linear regression model confirmed the negative association between RI and platelet-dependent ETP (beta estimate: -6.85, 95% confidence interval: -12.19,-1.51) in females. Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors resulted in loss of the association, whereby arterial hypertension and obesity showed the largest effects on the observed association. No other relevant associations were found in male and female cancer survivors and all population-based controls. This study demonstrates a link between platelet coagulant and vascular function of resistance vessels, found in female cancer survivors, potentially mediated by the presence of arterial hypertension and obesity.
| S-EPMC6934665 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Childhood psychosocial challenges (i.e., adversities, mental and substance use disorders, social challenges) may relate to the onset of obesity and extreme obesity. Identifying the types of psychosocial challenges most strongly associated with obesity could advance etiologic understanding and help target prevention efforts. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 24,350), the present study evaluates relationships between childhood psychosocial challenges and development of obesity and extreme obesity. After mutually controlling, childhood poverty was a risk in men OR = 1.2 (1.0-1.4) and a significantly stronger one in women OR = 1.6 (1.4-1.8); maltreatment increased odds of obesity in both men and women OR = 1.3, 95% CI (1.1-1.4), and specifically increased odds of extreme obesity in women OR = 1.5 (1.3-1.9). Early childrearing (before age 18) was an independent risk factor in both men OR = 1.4 (1.0-1.9) and women OR = 1.3 (1.1-1.5); not finishing high school was the strongest childhood psychosocial challenge risk factor for extreme obesity in both men (OR = 1.6, 1.1-2.2) and women (OR = 2.0, 1.5-2.5). Psychiatric disorders (MDD, anxiety disorder, PTSD) before age 18 were not independently associated with adult obesity in men nor women, but substance use disorders (alcohol or drug) were inversely associated with adult obesity. Individuals who have experienced childhood adversities and social challenges are at increased risk for obesity. Previous findings also indicate that these individuals respond poorly to traditional weight management strategies. It is critical to identify the reasons for these elevated weight problems, and to develop interventions that are appropriately tailored to mitigate the obesity burden faced by this vulnerable population.
| S-EPMC6336849 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Preeclampsia (PE) is a major disease of pregnancy, with various short- or long-term complications for both the mother and offspring. We focused on the body mass index (BMI) of offspring and compared the incidence of obesity during early childhood between PE- and non-PE-affected pregnancies. Women with singleton births (n = 1,697,432) were identified from the Korea National Health Insurance database. The outcomes of offspring at 30-80 months of age were analyzed. The effects of PE on BMI and the incidence of obesity in the offspring were compared. The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) offspring was higher in the PE group (n = 29,710) than that in the non-PE group (n = 1,533,916) (24.70% vs. 3.33%, p < 0.01). However, BMI was significantly higher in the PE-affected offspring than that in non-PE-affected offspring. After adjusting for various factors, the risk of obesity was higher in the PE-affected offspring (odds ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.30-1.38). The BMI and incidence of obesity were higher during early childhood in the PE-affected offspring, even though the proportion of LBW was higher. These results may support the basic hypotheses for the occurrence of various cardiovascular and metabolic complications in PE-affected offspring. In addition, early-age incidence of obesity could influence PE management and child consultation in clinical applications.
| S-EPMC8397009 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveAdverse childhood experiences may be associated with cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality in adulthood. There is heterogeneity in this literature regarding the type of items in cumulative adversity indices, sample sizes, demographics, and covariates. The present review used quantitative meta-analysis to examine this association and potential moderators.MethodIncluded studies had a measure of cumulative adversity (an index of at least 2 adverse childhood experiences from age 0 to 18) and a measure of cardiometabolic disease: cardiovascular disease (CVD) clinical outcomes (hypertension, coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, cerebrovascular disease) and metabolic outcomes (diabetes, metabolic syndrome) at age 18 or older. Given different interpretations of odds ratios (OR) versus hazard ratios (HR), effects were pooled separately. Overall, 9 HR studies (15 effects) based on 179,612 participants and 29 OR studies (62 effects) based on 247,393 participants were included.ResultsOn the basis of retrospectively assessed adversity, combined studies showed a significant estimated effect of cumulative childhood adversity on adult cardiometabolic disease (HR = 1.42, 95% CI [1.20, 1.67]; OR = 1.36 [1.27, 1.46]). Results varied somewhat by type of cardiometabolic disease, analytic strategy, and number and type of covariates.ConclusionsThe literature suggests that cumulative childhood adversity is modestly related to adult cardiometabolic disease, with effects somewhat stronger for CVD clinical outcomes. The absence of a consistent operational and conceptual definition of adversity and paucity of prospective designs temper the conclusions. It is time for further evaluation of the types and timing of childhood events that have maximal impact on adult cardiometabolic disease. (PsycINFO Database Record
| S-EPMC6109976 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent and associated with negative health and social outcomes. However, our understanding of how patterns of ACEs exposure relate to positive outcomes in adulthood remains limited. This study aims to identify patterns of ACEs and examine associations with flourishing in a sample of Chinese young adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2020. Young adults, ages 18-35, enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs at universities in Mainland China were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling to participate in a survey. The exposure to ACEs was measured by the twelve-item Chinese version of the ACE-International Questionnaire. Additional measures included six domains of flourishing assessed using the Chinese version of the Flourishing Measure, and demographic covariates (i.e., gender, age, year in university, marital status). Descriptive statistical analysis and latent class analysis (LCA) were performed using SPSS 27 and Mplus 8.5.ResultsParticipants included 9468 young adults (mean age = 20.1 years). Majority of participants were female (75.3%), undergraduate students (96.4%), and single (79.8%). Approximately 56% of participants reported at least one ACE; 7.0% reported four or more ACEs. Emotional neglect (33.2%), household violence (20.6%), and parental separation/divorce (13.9%) were the most frequently reported ACEs. LCA identified three ACEs classes: multiple maltreatment and household violence (4.7%), emotional neglect and household violence (16.2%), and low ACEs (79.1%). Individuals in the low ACEs class had the highest level of flourishing whereas individuals in multiple maltreatment and household violence had the lowest level of flourishing in all six domains. There were no significant differences in flourishing between the multiple maltreatment and household violence and the emotional neglect and household violence classes except in the physical and mental health (means = 6.17 vs 6.51, p = 0.02) and the financial and material stability domains (means = 5.25 vs 5.66, p = 0.04).ConclusionsPatterns of multiple ACEs exposures were associated with lower levels of flourishing. Our findings have implications for efforts to prevent ACEs exposure through monitoring and promoting family well-being and routine screening to identify those with ACEs exposure to prevent negative social and health sequelae.
| S-EPMC8966170 | biostudies-literature