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Cross-Linked Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on an H-Shaped Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(propylene oxide) Tetrablock Copolymer with SiO₂ Nanoparticles for Solid-State Supercapacitor Applications.

ABSTRACT: Achieving high ionic conductivity, wide voltage window, and good mechanical strength in a single material remains a key challenge for polymer-based electrolytes for use in solid-state supercapacitors (SCs). Herein, we report cross-linked composite gel polymer electrolytes (CGPEs) based on multi-cross-linkable H-shaped poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) (PEO-PPO) tetrablock copolymer precursors, SiO₂ nanoparticles, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, an ionic liquid (IL). Self-standing CGPE membranes with a high IL content were prepared using in situ cross-linking reactions between the silane groups present in the precursor and the SiO₂ surface. The incorporation of an optimal amount of SiO₂ increased the cross-linking density of the resulting CGPE while reducing polymer-chain ordering and, consequently, increasing both ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. As a result, the CGPE with 0.1 wt % SiO₂ exhibited a high ionic conductivity (2.22 × 10^-3 S cm^-1 at 25 °C), good tensile strength (453 kPa), and high thermal stability up to 330 °C. Finally, an all-solid-state SC assembled with the prepared CGPE showed a high operating voltage (3 V), a large specific capacitance (103.9 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1), and excellent durability (94% capacitance retention over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles), which highlights its strong potential as a solid-state electrolyte for SCs.

SUBMITTER: Kim S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8264837 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Scaffolds from poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(butylene terephthalate), PEOT/PBT, with a PEO molecular weight of 1,000 and a PEOT content of 70 weight% (1000PEOT70PBT30) were prepared by leaching salt particles (425-500 microm). Scaffolds of 73.5, 80.6 and 85.0% porosity were treated with a CO(2) gas plasma and seeded with rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). After in vitro culture for 7 days (d) in an osteogenic medium the scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted for 4 weeks in nude mice. Poly(D, L-lactide) (PDLLA) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds were included as references. After 4 weeks (wks) all scaffolds showed ectopic formation of bone and bone marrow. For the scaffolds of different porosities, no significant differences were observed in the relative amounts of bone (7-9%) and bone marrow (6-11%) formed, even though micro computed tomography (mu-CT) data showed considerable differences in accessible pore volume and surface area. 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds with a porosity of 85% could not maintain their original shape in vivo. Surprisingly, 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds with a porosity of 73.5% showed cartilage formation. This cartilage formation is most likely due to poorly accessible pores in the scaffolds, as was observed in histological sections. mu-CT data showed a considerably smaller accessible pore volume (as a fraction of the total volume) than in 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds of 80.6 and 85.0% porosity. BMSC seeded PDLLA (83.5% porosity) and BCP scaffolds (29% porosity) always showed considerably more bone and bone marrow formation (bone marrow formation is approximately 40%) and less fibrous tissue ingrowth than the 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds. The scaffold material itself can be of great influence. In more hydrophobic and rigid scaffolds like the PDLLA or BCP scaffolds, the accessibility of the pore structure is more likely to be preserved under the prevailing physiological conditions than in the case of hydrophilic 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds. Scaffolds prepared from other PEOT/PBT polymer compositions, might prove to be more suited.

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Cross-Linked Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on an H-Shaped Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(propylene oxide) Tetrablock Copolymer with SiO₂ Nanoparticles for Solid-State Supercapacitor Applications.

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Cross-Linked Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on an H-Shaped Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(propylene oxide) Tetrablock Copolymer with SiO2 Nanoparticles for Solid-State Supercapacitor Applications.

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Cross-Linked Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on an H-Shaped Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(propylene oxide) Tetrablock Copolymer with SiO₂ Nanoparticles for Solid-State Supercapacitor Applications.