Contrast extravasation and outcome of endovascular therapy in acute ischaemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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ABSTRACT: Objective
Contrast extravasation (CE) after endovascular therapy (EVT) is commonly present in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients. Substantial uncertainties remain about the relationship between CE and the outcomes of EVT in patients with AIS. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this association.Design
A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies were performed.Data source
We systematically searched the Medline and Embase databases for relevant clinical studies. The last literature search in databases was performed in June 2020.Eligibility criteria for study selection
We included studies exploring the associations between CE and the outcomes of EVT in patients with AIS undergoing EVT.Data extraction and synthesis
Two reviewers extracted relevant information and data from each article independently. We pooled ORs with CIs using a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the associations between CE and outcomes of EVT. The magnitude of heterogeneity between estimates was quantified with the I2 statistic with 95% CIs.Results
Fifteen observational studies that enrolled 1897 patients were included. Patients with CE had higher risks of poor functional outcome at discharge (2.38, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.89 p=0.001; n=545) and poor functional outcome at 90 days (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.90; n=1194). We found no association between CE and in-hospital mortality (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.27 to 3.30; n=376) or 90-day mortality (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.36; n=697) after EVT. Moreover, CE was associated with higher risks of post-EVT intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) (OR 6.68, 95% CI 3.51 to 12.70; n=1721) and symptomatic ICH (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.97 to 5.40; n=1092).Conclusions
This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that in patients with AIS undergoing EVT, CE is associated with higher risks of unfavourable functional outcomes and ICH. Thus, we should pay more attention to CE in patients with AIS undergoing EVT.
SUBMITTER: Xu T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8264910 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:OBJECTIVE:The Pragmatic Ischaemic Thrombectomy Evaluation (PISTE) trial was a multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial comparing intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) alone with IVT and adjunctive intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients who had acute ischaemic stroke with large artery occlusive anterior circulation stroke confirmed on CT angiography (CTA). DESIGN:Eligible patients had IVT started within 4.5?hours of stroke symptom onset. Those randomised to additional MT underwent thrombectomy using any Conformité Européene (CE)-marked device, with target interval times for IVT start to arterial puncture of <90?min. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving independence defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2 at day 90. RESULTS:Ten UK centres enrolled 65 patients between April 2013 and April 2015. Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 16 (IQR 13-21). Median stroke onset to IVT start was 120?min. In the intention-to-treat analysis, there was no significant difference in disability-free survival at day 90 with MT (absolute difference 11%, adjusted OR 2.12, 95% CI 0.65 to 6.94, p=0.20). Secondary analyses showed significantly greater likelihood of full neurological recovery (mRS 0-1) at day 90 (OR 7.6, 95% CI 1.6 to 37.2, p=0.010). In the per-protocol population (n=58), the primary and most secondary clinical outcomes significantly favoured MT (absolute difference in mRS 0-2 of 22% and adjusted OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 19.7, p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS:The trial did not find a significant difference between treatment groups for the primary end point. However, the effect size was consistent with published data and across primary and secondary end points. Proceeding as fast as possible to MT after CTA confirmation of large artery occlusion on a background of intravenous alteplase is safe, improves excellent clinical outcomes and, in the per-protocol population, improves disability-free survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:NCT01745692; Results.
| S-EPMC5256149 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo consolidate the evidence from randomized trials for the use of endovascular therapy (ET) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsWe searched major databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus) from their inception to February 12, 2013, for randomized trials evaluating the efficacy of ET compared with standard of care for acute ischemic stroke. Pooled absolute and relative risk estimates were synthesized by using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by using Q statistic and I(2) statistic. Subset analysis was performed for patients with severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥20). The study was conducted from January 15, 2013 to April 30, 2013.ResultsOf the 1252 retrieved articles, 5 randomized trials enrolling 1197 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included. Seven hundred eleven patients received ET, and 486 received intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator. There was no significant improvement in any of the outcomes in patients receiving ET compared with those receiving IV thrombolysis. On subgroup analysis, ET was found to have better outcomes in patients with severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥20), showing a dose-response gradient and improving excellent, good, and fair outcomes by an additional 4%, 7%, and 13%, respectively, compared with IV thrombolysis.ConclusionOverall, ET is not superior to IV thrombolysis for acute ischemic strokes (level B recommendation). However, ET showed promise and improved outcomes in patients with severe strokes, but the evidence is limited due to sample size. There is a need for further trials evaluating the role of ET in this high-risk group.
| S-EPMC3883722 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and Purpose- We determined the effect of sex on outcome after endovascular stroke thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke, including lifelong disability outcomes. Methods- We analyzed patients treated with the Solitaire stent retriever in the combined SWIFT (Solitaire FR With the Intention for Thrombectomy), STAR (Solitaire FR Thrombectomy for Acute Revascularization), and SWIFT PRIME (Solitaire FR With the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment) cohorts. Ordinal and logistic regression were used to examine known factors influencing outcome after endovascular stroke thrombectomy and study the effect of sex on the association between these factors and outcomes, including age and time to reperfusion. Years of optimal life after thrombectomy were defined as disability-adjusted life years and calculated by projecting disability through adjusted poststroke life expectancy by sex. Results- Among 389 patients treated with endovascular stroke thrombectomy, 55% were females, and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 17 (interquartile range, 8-28). There were no differences between females versus males in presenting deficit severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 17 versus 17, P=0.21), occlusion location (69% versus 64% M1, P=0.62), presenting infarct extent (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score 8 versus 8, P=0.24), rate of substantial reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/3, 87% versus 83%, P=0.37), onset to reperfusion time (294 versus 302 minutes, P=0.46). Despite older ages (69 versus 64, P<0.001) and higher rate of atrial fibrillation (45% versus 30%, P=0.002) for females compared with males, adjusted rates of functional independence at 90 days were similar (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.6-1.6). After adjusting for age at presentation and stroke severity, females had more years of optimal life (disability-adjusted life year) after endovascular stroke thrombectomy, 10.6 versus 8.5 years (P<0.001). Conclusions- Despite greater age and higher rate of atrial fibrillation, females experienced comparable functional outcomes and greater years of optimal life after intervention compared with males.
| S-EPMC6710145 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeWe aimed to assess the association of diabetes mellitus (DM) and admission hyperglycaemia (AH), respectively, and outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation treated with endovascular therapy (EVT) in daily clinical practice.MethodsConsecutive EVT patients admitted to our stroke centre between February 2015 and April 2020 were included in this observational cohort study. Patients with versus without DM and with versus without AH (glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L) were compared.ResultsWe included 1020 patients (48.9% women, median age = 73.1 years); 282 (27.6%) had DM, and 226 (22.2%) had AH. Patients with versus without DM less often showed successful reperfusion (odds ratio [OR]adjusted = 0.61, p = 0.023) and worse 3-month functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] = 0-2: 31.3% vs. 48%, ORadjusted = 0.59, p = 0.004; death: 38.9% vs. 24.1%, ORadjusted = 1.75, p = 0.002; mRS shift: padjusted < 0.0001; if moderate/good collaterals and mismatch, mRS = 0-2: ORadjusted = 0.52, p = 0.005; death: ORadjusted = 1.95, p = 0.005). If analysis was additionally adjusted for AH, only mRS shift was still significantly worse in patients with DM (padjusted = 0.012). Patients with versus without AH showed similar successful reperfusion rates and worse 3-month functional outcome (mRS = 0-2: 28.3% vs. 50.4%, ORadjusted = 0.52, p < 0.0001; death: 40.4% vs. 22.4%, ORadjusted = 1.80, p = 0.001; mRS shift: padjusted < 0.0001; if moderate/good collaterals and mismatch, mRS = 0-2: ORadjusted = 0.38, p < 0.0001; death: ORadjusted = 2.39, p < 0.0001). If analysis was additionally adjusted for DM, 3-month functional outcome remained significantly worse in patients with AH (mRS = 0-2: ORadjusted = 0.58, p = 0.004; death: ORadjusted = 1.57, p = 0.014; mRS shift: padjusted = 0.004). DM independently predicted recurrent/progressive in-hospital ischaemic stroke (OR = 1.71, p = 0.043) together with admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR = 0.95, p = 0.005), and AH independently predicted in-hospital symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (OR = 2.21, p = 0.001). The association of admission continuous glucose levels and most outcome variables was (inversely) J-shaped.ConclusionsHyperglycaemia more than DM was associated with worse 3-month outcome in the patients studied, more likely so in the case of moderate/good collaterals and mismatch in admission imaging.
| S-EPMC9544025 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment, particularly adjunctive intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy, in patients with ischaemic stroke.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS, and clinical trial registries from inception to December 2015. Reference lists were crosschecked.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials in adults aged 18 or more with ischaemic stroke comparing endovascular treatment, including thrombectomy, with medical care alone, including intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Trial endpoints were functional outcome (modified Rankin scale scores of ?2) and mortality at 90 days after onset of symptoms. No language or time restrictions applied.Results10 randomised controlled trials (n=2925) were included. In pooled analysis endovascular treatment, including thrombectomy, was associated with a higher proportion of patients experiencing good (modified Rankin scale scores ?2) and excellent (scores ?1) outcomes 90 days after stroke, without differences in mortality or rates for symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, compared with patients randomised to medical care alone, including intravenous rt-PA. Heterogeneity was high among studies. The more recent studies (seven randomised controlled trials, published or presented in 2015) proved better suited to evaluate the effect of adjunctive intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy on its index disease owing to more accurate patient selection, intravenous rt-PA being administered at a higher rate and earlier, and the use of more efficient thrombectomy devices. In most of these studies, more than 86% of the patients were treated with stent retrievers, and rates of recanalisation were higher (>58%) than previously reported. Subgroup analysis of these seven studies yielded a risk ratio of 1.56 (95% confidence interval 1.38 to 1.75) for good functional outcomes and 0.86 (0.69 to 1.06) for mortality, without heterogeneity among the results of the studies. All trials were open label. Risk of bias was moderate across studies. The full results of two trials are yet to be published.ConclusionsModerate to high quality evidence suggests that compared with medical care alone in a selected group of patients endovascular thrombectomy as add-on to intravenous thrombolysis performed within six to eight hours after large vessel ischaemic stroke in the anterior circulation provides beneficial functional outcomes, without increased detrimental effects.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42015019340.
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Project description:IntroductionEndovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a well-established and effective therapeutic option for patients that meet certain criteria. However, this modality is not well studied in patients with pre-existing disability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute onset ischemic stroke and pre-stroke dependency (PSD) in regard to their clinical outcome and mortality.Materials and methodsThe MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched with a cut-off date of December 11th, 2021. We performed meta-analysis to investigate the 90-day clinical outcome, the 90-day mortality, and the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) between the PSD (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 3) and non-PSD (modified Rankin Scale score = 0-2) groups who underwent EVT for acute onset ischemic stroke.ResultsSix studies were included in the meta-analysis involving 4,543 cases with no PSD and 591 cases with PSD. The non-PSD group showed a statistically significant better clinical outcome at 90 days compared to the PSD group [RR (95% CI) = 1.44 (1.06, 1.85); p z = 0.02]. The non-PSD group demonstrated a statistically significant lower risk of death at 90 days in comparison to the PSD group [RR (95% CI) = 0.45 (0.41, 0.50); p z < 0.01]. Lastly, the rate of sICH was comparable between the two groups [RR (95% CI) = 0.89 (0.64, 1.24); p z = 0.48].DiscussionWe report a higher rate of unfavorable clinical outcome and a higher mortality rate in patients with PSD undergoing EVT compared to those with no previous disability. However, there was a significant proportion of PSD cases who fared well post-procedurally, indicating that PSD patients should not be routinely excluded from mechanical thrombectomy.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021284181, identifier: CRD42021284181.
| S-EPMC9097509 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLow blood pressure (BP) in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is associated with poor functional outcome, death, or severe disability. Increasing BP might benefit patients with post-stroke hypotension including those with potentially salvageable ischaemic penumbra. This updated systematic review considers the present evidence regarding the use of vasopressors in AIS.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE and trial databases using a structured search strategy. We examined reference lists of relevant publications for additional studies examining BP elevation in AIS.ResultsWe included 27 studies involving 1886 patients. Nine studies assessed increasing BP during acute reperfusion therapy (intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, intra-arterial thrombolysis or combined). Eighteen studies tested BP elevation alone. Phenylephrine was the most commonly used agent to increase BP (n = 16 studies), followed by norepinephrine (n = 6), epinephrine (n = 3) and dopamine (n = 2). Because of small patient numbers and study heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not possible. Overall, BP elevation was feasible in patients with fluctuating or worsening neurological symptoms, large vessel occlusion with labile BP, sustained post-stroke hypotension and ineligible for intravenous thrombolysis or after acute reperfusion therapy. The effects on functional outcomes were largely unknown and close monitoring is advised if such intervention is undertaken.ConclusionAlthough theoretical arguments support increasing BP to improve cerebral blood flow and sustain the ischaemic penumbra in selected AIS patients, the data are limited and results largely inconclusive. Large, randomised controlled trials are needed to identify the optimal BP target, agent, duration of treatment and effects on clinical outcomes.
| S-EPMC9134777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMost disabling strokes are due to a blockage of a large artery in the brain by a blood clot. Prompt removal of the clot with intra-arterial thrombolytic drugs or mechanical devices, or both, can restore blood flow before major brain damage has occurred, leading to improved recovery. However, these so-called endovascular interventions can cause bleeding in the brain. This is a review of randomised controlled trials of endovascular thrombectomy or intra-arterial thrombolysis, or both, for acute ischaemic stroke.ObjectivesTo assess whether endovascular thrombectomy or intra-arterial interventions, or both, plus medical treatment are superior to medical treatment alone in people with acute ischaemic stroke.Search methodsWe searched the Trials Registers of the Cochrane Stroke Group and Cochrane Vascular Group (last searched 1 September 2020), CENTRAL (the Cochrane Library, 1 September 2020), MEDLINE (May 2010 to 1 September 2020), and Embase (May 2010 to 1 September 2020). We also searched trials registers, screened reference lists, and contacted researchers.Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any endovascular intervention plus medical treatment compared with medical treatment alone in people with definite ischaemic stroke.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors (MBR and MJ) applied the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed trial quality. Two review authors (MBR and HL) assessed risk of bias, and the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. We obtained both published and unpublished data if available. Our primary outcome was favourable functional outcome at the end of the scheduled follow-up period, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2. Eighteen trials (i.e. all but one included trial) reported their outcome at 90 days. Secondary outcomes were death from all causes at in the acute phase and by the end of follow-up, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in the acute phase and by the end of follow-up, neurological status at the end of follow-up, and degree of recanalisation.Main resultsWe included 19 studies with a total of 3793 participants. The majority of participants had large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation, and were treated within six hours of symptom onset with endovascular thrombectomy. Treatment increased the chance of achieving a good functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2: risk ratio (RR) 1.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37 to 1.63; 3715 participants, 18 RCTs; high-certainty evidence). Treatment also reduced the risk of death at end of follow-up: RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.97; 3793 participants, 19 RCTs; high-certainty evidence) without increasing the risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in the acute phase: RR 1.46 (95% CI 0.91 to 2.36; 1559 participants, 6 RCTs; high-certainty evidence) or by end of follow-up: RR 1.05 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.52; 1752 participants, 10 RCTs; high-certainty evidence); however, the wide confidence intervals preclude any firm conclusion. Neurological recovery to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 0 to 1 and degree of recanalisation rates were better in the treatment group: RR 2.03 (95% CI 1.21 to 3.40; 334 participants, 3 RCTs; high-certainty evidence) and RR 3.11 (95% CI 2.18 to 4.42; 268 participants, 3 RCTs; high-certainty evidence), respectively.Authors' conclusionsIn individuals with acute ischaemic stroke due to large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation, endovascular thrombectomy can increase the chance of survival with a good functional outcome without increasing the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage or death.
| S-EPMC8203212 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundContrast staining (CS) on dual-energy CT (DECT) is common after endovascular therapy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic significance of CS detected by DECT after EVT in AIS.MethodMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched from inception to July 2023 for publications on the prognostic significance of CS on DECT after EVT in patients with AIS. Prognostic outcomes were hemorrhage transformation (HT) and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] Score of 3-6 at the 90-day follow-up). Data are presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsEleven studies including 1123 cases of AIS were included. Pooled results indicated a higher risk of HT in patients with CS than in those without CS (OR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.41-3.51, P = 0.001; I2 = 45.4%). No association between CS and symptomatic HT was observed (OR = 2.10; 95% CI 0.64-6.95, P = 0.223; I2 = 67.3%). Moreover, there was also higher odds of poor functional outcome in patients with CS than in those without CS (OR = 2.76; 95% CI 1.53-4.97, P = 0.001; I2 = 44.9%).ConclusionsThe presence of contrast staining on DECT after EVT is associated with a higher risk of hemorrhage transformation and poor functional outcome. However, further high-quality studies with standardized processes are required to confirm these results.
| S-EPMC10496411 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveRecent years have seen new evidence on the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy for secondary stroke prevention. We updated a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating dual antiplatelet versus monotherapy for patients with acute non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke (IS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).MethodsWe searched PubMed and identified randomised controlled trials evaluating dual antiplatelet versus monotherapy for acute non-cardioembolic IS or TIA within 3 days of ictus up to May 2018. Risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI were calculated using random effects models. Clinical endpoints included stroke recurrence, composite vascular events and major bleeding.Results18 randomised controlled trials including 15 515 patients were pooled in the meta-analysis. When compared with monotherapy among patients with acute IS or TIA, dual antiplatelet therapy reduced the risk of stroke recurrence (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.78; p<0.001) and composite vascular events (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.80; p<0.001). Dual therapy was associated with a significant increase in the risk of major bleeding (RR 1.77; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.87; p=0.02) when all trial data were combined. However, when all previous trials before the completion of the POINT trial were analysed, dual antiplatelet versus monotherapy was not associated with a significant increase in the risk of major bleeding (RR 1.46; 95% CI 0.77 to 2.75; p=0.25).ConclusionsAmong patients with acute non-cardioembolic IS or TIA within 3 days of ictus, dual antiplatelet therapy was associated with a reduction in stroke recurrence, and composite vascular events, when compared with monotherapy. However, a significant increase in the risk of major bleeding was observed.
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