Dataset Information

The Comparison of Different Constitutive Laws and Fiber Architectures for the Aortic Valve on Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation.

ABSTRACT: Built on the hybrid immersed boundary/finite element (IB/FE) method, fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations of aortic valve (AV) dynamics are performed with three different constitutive laws and two different fiber architectures for the AV leaflets. An idealized AV model is used and mounted in a straight tube, and a three-element Windkessel model is further attached to the aorta. After obtaining ex vivo biaxial tensile testing of porcine AV leaflets, we first determine the constitutive parameters of the selected three constitutive laws by matching the analytical stretch-stress relations derived from constitutive laws to the experimentally measured data. Both the average error and relevant R-squared value reveal that the anisotropic non-linear constitutive law with exponential terms for both the fiber and cross-fiber directions could be more suitable for characterizing the mechanical behaviors of the AV leaflets. We then thoroughly compare the simulation results from both structural mechanics and hemodynamics. Compared to the other two constitutive laws, the anisotropic non-linear constitutive law with exponential terms for both the fiber and cross-fiber directions shows the larger leaflet displacements at the opened state, the largest forward jet flow, the smaller regurgitant flow. We further analyze hemodynamic parameters of the six different cases, including the regurgitant fraction, the mean transvalvular pressure gradient, the effective orifice area, and the energy loss of the left ventricle. We find that the fiber architecture with body-fitted orientation shows better dynamic behaviors in the leaflets, especially with the constitutive law using exponential terms for both the fiber and cross-fiber directions. In conclusion, both constitutive laws and fiber architectures can affect AV dynamics. Our results further suggest that the strain energy function with exponential terms for both the fiber and cross-fiber directions could be more suitable for describing the AV leaflet mechanical behaviors. Future experimental studies are needed to identify competent constitutive laws for the AV leaflets and their associated fiber orientations with controlled experiments. Although limitations exist in the present AV model, our results provide important information for selecting appropriate constitutive laws and fiber architectures when modeling AV dynamics.

SUBMITTER: Cai L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8266211 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Untreated tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased rates of mortality, morbidity, and hospitalization. Current pharmacological and surgical treatment options for TR are limited. MitraClip (MC), an edge-to-edge percutaneous intervention, has been reported to be effective for treatment of TR. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of MC position on TR, using a multiphysics fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) analysis. The computational set up included the tricuspid valve (TV), the chordae tendineae, the blood particles, and a tube that surrounded the leaflets and blood particles. The leaflets and chordae were modeled as hyperelastic materials, and blood was modeled using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. FSI analysis was conducted for blood flow through the closed valve for multiple simulations that account for normal, diseased, and treated conditions of the TV. To simulate the diseased TV, a group of chordae between septal and pulmonary leaflets were removed from the normal TV, which produced increased regurgitation. Four MC treated scenarios were considered: i) one MC near the annulus, ii) one MC approximately midway between the annulus and leaflet tip, iii) one MC near the leaflet tip, iv) two MCs: one approximately midway between the annulus and leaflet tip, and one close to the leaflet tip. The TR increased in diseased TV (7.5%) compared to normal TV (2.5%). All MC treated scenarios decreased TR. The MC located near the midway point between the annulus and leaflet tip led to largest decrease in TR (75.2% compared to the untreated condition). The MC located near the leaflet tip was associated with lowest reduction in TR (2.2% compared to the untreated condition). When two MCs were used, reduction in TR was relatively high (68.7%), but TR was not improved compared to the optimal single MC. MC caused high stresses in the vicinity of the clipping area in all conditions; the highest occurred when the MC was near the leaflet tips. Using a quantitative computational approach, we confirm previous clinical reports on the efficacy of MC for treatment of TR. The results of this study could lead to the design of more efficient MC interventions for TR.

Project description:PurposeThe understanding of the optimum function of the healthy aortic valve is essential in interpreting the effect of pathologies in the region, and in devising effective treatments to restore the physiological functions. Still, there is no consensus on the operating mechanism that regulates the valve opening and closing dynamics. The aim of this study is to develop a numerical model that can support a better comprehension of the valve function and serve as a reference to identify the changes produced by specific pathologies and treatments.MethodsA numerical model was developed and adapted to accurately replicate the conditions of a previous in vitro investigation into aortic valve dynamics, performed by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV). The resulting velocity fields of the two analyses were qualitatively and quantitatively compared to validate the numerical model. In order to simulate more physiological operating conditions, this was then modified to overcome the main limitations of the experimental setup, such as the presence of a supporting stent and the non-physiological properties of the fluid and vessels.ResultsThe velocity fields of the initial model resulted in good agreement with those obtained from the PIV, with similar flow structures and about 90% of the computed velocities after valve opening within the standard deviation of the equivalent velocity measurements of the in vitro model. Once the experimental limitations were removed from the model, the valve opening dynamics changed substantially, with the leaflets opening into the sinuses to a much greater extent, enlarging the effective orifice area by 11%, and reducing greatly the vortical structures previously observed in proximity of the Valsalva sinuses wall.ConclusionsThe study suggests a new operating mechanism for the healthy aortic valve leaflets considerably different from what reported in the literature to date and largely more efficient in terms of hydrodynamic performance. This work also confirms the crucial role that numerical approaches, complemented with experimental findings, can play in overcoming some of the limitations inherent in experimental techniques, supporting the full understanding of complex physiological phenomena.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to investigate an association between the magnitude of flow-mediated aortic wall shear stress (WSS) and medial wall histopathology in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with aortopathy. METHODS:Patients with BAV (n = 27; 52 ± 15 years; 3 women; proximal thoracic aorta diameter = 4.4 ± 0.7 and 4.6 ± 0.5 cm) who underwent prophylactic aortic resection received preoperative 3-dimensional time-resolved phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging with 3-dimensional velocity encoding to quantify WSS relative to a population of healthy age- and sex-matched tricuspid aortic valve control participants (n = 20). Quantitative histopathology was conducted on BAV aorta tissue samples resected at surgery (n = 93), and correlation was performed between elastic fiber thickness and in vivo aortic WSS as continuous variables. Validation of elastic fiber thickness was achieved by correlation relative to tissue stiffness determined using biaxial biomechanical testing (n = 22 samples). RESULTS:Elastic fibers were thinner and WSS was higher along the greater curvature compared with other circumferential regions (vs anterior wall: P = .003 and P = .0001, respectively; lesser curvature: both P = .001). Increased regional WSS was associated with decreased elastic fiber thickness (r = -0.25; P = .02). Patient stratification with subanalysis showed an increase in the correlation between WSS and histopathology with aortic valve stenosis (r = -0.36; P = .002) and smaller aortic diameters (<4.5 cm: r = -0.39; P = .03). Elastic fiber thinning was associated with circumferential stiffness (r = -0.41; P = .06). CONCLUSIONS:For patients with BAV, increased aortic valve-mediated WSS is significantly associated with elastic fiber thinning, particularly with aortic valve stenosis and in earlier stages of aortopathy. Elastic fiber thinning correlates with impaired tissue biomechanics. These novel findings further implicate valve-mediated hemodynamics in the progression of BAV aortopathy.

Dataset Information

The Comparison of Different Constitutive Laws and Fiber Architectures for the Aortic Valve on Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets