Evolution of the prevalence of obesity in the adult population in France, 2013-2016: the Constances study.
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SUBMITTER: Czernichow S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8266816 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ImportanceAlthough hearing loss is common in the population worldwide, the prevalence of hearing loss and hearing aid use is not known.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of hearing loss and hearing aid use in the adult French population.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study used data from the CONSTANCES cohort, a representative sample of the French population. Volunteers aged 18 to 75 years were recruited at 21 preventive health centers between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2019. The present study included participants with audiometric data.Main outcomes and measuresThe main outcomes were prevalence of hearing loss and disabling hearing loss overall and by sex and age group and prevalence of self-reported hearing aid use among those with disabling hearing loss. Hearing loss was defined as a pure-tone average (PTA) in the better ear of 20 dB or higher, and disabling hearing loss was defined as a PTA in the better ear of 35 dB or higher.ResultsOf 200 870 participants in the CONSTANCES study, 186 460 had full audiometric data and were included in this study (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [13.5] years); 100 330 (53.8%) were female, and 86 130 (46.2%) were male. Of these participants, 24.8% (95% CI, 24.6%-25.0%) had hearing loss and 4.3% (95% CI, 4.2%-4.4%) had disabling hearing loss. The prevalence rates of hearing loss increased from 3.4% (95% CI, 2.8%-3.9%) at age 18 to 25 years to 73.3% (95% CI, 69.5%-77.2%) at age 71 to 75 years among men and from 4.4% (95% CI, 3.9%-5.0%) at age 18 to 25 years to 64.1% (95% CI, 59.7%-68.4%) at age 71 to 75 years among women. The prevalence of disabling hearing loss increased from 0.3% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.4%) among participants aged 18 to 25 years to 23.3% (95% CI, 20.7%-26.0%) among participants aged 71 to 75 years. Among the 8050 participants with disabling hearing loss, 36.8% (95% CI, 35.8%-37.9%) reported using hearing aids, including 56.7% (95% CI, 38.9%-74.4%) aged 18 to 25 years and 32.9% (95% CI, 26.8%-39.2%) aged 71 to 75 years.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study, hearing loss was prevalent in France, and the prevalence of hearing loss increased with age among both men and women. Hearing aids were underused, particularly among older individuals. These findings suggest that hearing loss prevention and screening in the French population are needed.
| S-EPMC9206187 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Importance:Differences in childhood obesity by demographics and urbanization have been reported. Objective:To present data on obesity and severe obesity among US youth by demographics and urbanization and to investigate trends by urbanization. Design, Setting, and Participants:Measured weight and height among youth aged 2 to 19 years in the 2001-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, which are serial, cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population. Exposures:Sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, education of household head, and urbanization, as assessed by metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs; large: ? 1 million population). Main Outcomes and Measures:Prevalence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ?95th percentile of US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] growth charts) and severe obesity (BMI ?120% of 95th percentile) by subgroups in 2013-2016 and trends by urbanization between 2001-2004 and 2013-2016. Results:Complete data on weight, height, and urbanization were available for 6863 children and adolescents (mean age, 11 years; female, 49%). In 2013-2016, the prevalence among youth aged 2 to 19 years was 17.8% (95% CI, 16.1%-19.6%) for obesity and 5.8% (95% CI, 4.8%-6.9%) for severe obesity. Prevalence of obesity in large MSAs (17.1% [95% CI, 14.9%-19.5%]), medium or small MSAs (17.2% [95% CI, 14.5%-20.2%]) and non-MSAs (21.7% [95% CI, 16.1%-28.1%]) were not significantly different from each other (range of pairwise comparisons P?=?.09-.96). Severe obesity was significantly higher in non-MSAs (9.4% [95% CI, 5.7%-14.4%]) compared with large MSAs (5.1% [95% CI, 4.1%-6.2%]; P?=?.02). In adjusted analyses, obesity and severe obesity significantly increased with greater age and lower education of household head, and severe obesity increased with lower level of urbanization. Compared with non-Hispanic white youth, obesity and severe obesity prevalence were significantly higher among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic youth. Severe obesity, but not obesity, was significantly lower among non-Hispanic Asian youth than among non-Hispanic white youth. There were no significant linear or quadratic trends in obesity or severe obesity prevalence from 2001-2004 to 2013-2016 for any urbanization category (P range?=?.07-.83). Conclusions and Relevance:In 2013-2016, there were differences in the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity by age, race and Hispanic origin, and household education, and severe obesity was inversely associated with urbanization. Demographics were not related to the urbanization findings.
| S-EPMC6393914 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEthylene oxide (EO) has been shown to associate with increased cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to explore the relationship and its meditating factors between EO exposure and the major cardiovascular risk factor of obesity among the general adult population.MethodsCross-sectional data of 3,220 participants from National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016 were enrolled. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, and abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women. The association among hemoglobin adduct of EO (HbEO), inflammatory biomarkers, and obesity was evaluated using restricted cubic splines and the multivariable linear regression model. Mediation analysis was used to further assess their association.ResultsThe increased quartiles of HbEO were inversely associated with BMI and WC [Q1 vs. Q4, BMI: β = -2.98 (-3.74, -2.22), WC: β = -6.50 (-8.60, -4.39); all p for trend < 0.05], and were inversely associated with obesity after full adjustment [obesity: OR = 0.43 (0.31, 0.58), abdominal obesity: OR = 0.42 (0.27, 0.65); all p for trend < 0.05]. The levels of alkaline phosphatase, white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were also positively associated with BMI and WC (all p < 0.05). Mediation analysis showed that exposure of EO not only had a negative direct effect on BMI and WC, but also generated an inverse indirect effect.ConclusionsCurrent findings showed an inverse association between HbEO and obesity, and suggested that systemic inflammation may not be their only mediator. Additional research is required to explore the underlying link of EO and system metabolism.
| S-EPMC9510609 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceDifferences in obesity by sex, age group, race and Hispanic origin among US adults have been reported, but differences by urbanization level have been less studied.ObjectivesTo provide estimates of obesity by demographic characteristics and urbanization level and to examine trends in obesity prevalence by urbanization level.Design, setting, and participantsSerial cross-sectional analysis of measured height and weight among adults aged 20 years or older in the 2001-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population.ExposuresSex, age group, race and Hispanic origin, education level, smoking status, and urbanization level as assessed by metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs; large: ≥1 million population).Main outcomes and measuresPrevalence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30) and severe obesity (BMI ≥40) by subgroups in 2013-2016 and trends by urbanization level between 2001-2004 and 2013-2016.ResultsComplete data on weight, height, and urbanization level were available for 10 792 adults (mean age, 48 years; 51% female [weighted]). During 2013-2016, 38.9% (95% CI, 37.0% to 40.7%) of US adults had obesity and 7.6% (95% CI, 6.8% to 8.6%) had severe obesity. Men living in medium or small MSAs had a higher age-adjusted prevalence of obesity compared with men living in large MSAs (42.4% vs 31.8%, respectively; adjusted difference, 9.8 percentage points [95% CI, 5.1 to 14.5 percentage points]); however, the age-adjusted prevalence among men living in non-MSAs was not significantly different compared with men living in large MSAs (38.9% vs 31.8%, respectively; adjusted difference, 4.8 percentage points [95% CI, -2.9 to 12.6 percentage points]). The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was higher among women living in medium or small MSAs compared with women living in large MSAs (42.5% vs 38.1%, respectively; adjusted difference, 4.3 percentage points [95% CI, 0.2 to 8.5 percentage points]) and among women living in non-MSAs compared with women living in large MSAs (47.2% vs 38.1%, respectively; adjusted difference, 4.7 percentage points [95% CI, 0.2 to 9.3 percentage points]). Similar patterns were seen for severe obesity except that the difference between men living in large MSAs compared with non-MSAs was significant. The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity and severe obesity also varied significantly by age group, race and Hispanic origin, and education level, and these patterns of variation were often different by sex. Between 2001-2004 and 2013-2016, the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity and severe obesity significantly increased among all adults at all urbanization levels.Conclusions and relevanceIn this nationally representative survey of adults in the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in 2013-2016 varied by level of urbanization, with significantly greater prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults living in nonmetropolitan statistical areas compared with adults living in large metropolitan statistical areas.
| S-EPMC6583043 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionLatinos in the United States represent a heterogeneous population disproportionally impacted by obesity. Yet, the prevalence of obesity by specific Latino group is unclear. Using the New York City Community Health Survey (2013-2017), this study compared self-reported obesity in the city's largest Latino adult populations (Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, Dominicans, Ecuadorians, and Colombians).MethodsAge-standardized prevalence using the 2000 Census and prevalence ratios (PRs) for self-reported obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) by country of origin were estimated using weighted multivariable logistic regression adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, health status, and behaviors.ResultsObesity prevalence among Mexicans (36.8%; 95% CI [31.5, 42.4]) and Puerto Ricans (36.3%; 95% CI [31.7, 41.3]) was significantly higher than that among Colombians (23.8%; 95% CI [18.8, 29.5]), Ecuadorians (24.2%; 95% CI [20.7, 28.1]), and Dominicans (27.0%; 95% CI [25.0, 29.1]). After adjusting for covariates, compared to Mexicans, the PRs of obesity remained significantly lower for Colombians (PR = 0.80; 95% CI [0.64, 1.00]), Ecuadorians (PR = 0.72; 95% CI [0.61, 0.86]) and Dominicans (PR = 0.75; 95% CI [0.65, 0.85]). There was no significant difference between Mexicans and Puerto Ricans.ConclusionObesity prevalence differs by country of origin, suggesting that clustering of Latinos in public health research may obscure unique risks among specific groups. Despite group differences, all Latino groups exhibit high prevalence of obesity and warrant renewed efforts tailored to the specific context and culture of each group to prevent and reduce obesity.
| S-EPMC8346377 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe stroke burden in China has increased during the past 40 years. The present study aimed to determine the recent trends in the prevalence of stroke from 2013 to 2019 stratified by sociodemographic characteristics, including sex, age, residence, ethnicity, and province within a population-based screening project in China.MethodsWe made use of data generated from 2013 to 2019 in the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening Program. All living subjects with confirmed stroke at interview were considered to have prevalent stroke. All analyses of prevalence of stroke were weighted and results were presented as percentage and 95% confidence interval (CI).FindingsA total of 4229,616 Chinese adults aged ≥40 years from 227 cities in the 31 provinces were finally included. The enrollment rate ranged from 58.8% (2017) to 67.8% (2013). The weighted prevalence of stroke increased annually from 2013 to 2019, being 2.28% (95% CI: 2.28-2.28%) in 2013, 2.34% (2.34-2.35%) in 2014, 2.43% (2.43-2.43%) in 2015, 2.48% (2.48-2.48%) in 2016, 2.52% (2.52-2.52%) in 2017, 2.55% (2.55-2.55%) in 2018, and 2.58% (2.58-2.58%) in 2019 (p for trend <0.001). The weighted prevalence of stroke was higher for male sex, older age, and residence in rural and northeast areas.InterpretationThe prevalence of stroke in China and most provinces has continued to increase in the past 7 years (2013-2019). These findings, especially in provinces with high stroke prevalence, can help public health officials to increase province capacity for stroke and related risk factors prevention.FundingsThis study was supported by grants from the National Major Public Health Service Projects.
| S-EPMC9727498 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo provide updated prevalence data on obesity trends among US children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years from a nationally representative sample.MethodsWe used the NHANES for years 1999 to 2016. Weight status was determined by using measured height and weight from the physical examination component of the NHANES to calculate age- and sex-specific BMI. We report the prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity (class I, class II, and class III) by 2-year NHANES cycles and compared cycles by using adjusted Wald tests and linear trends by using ordinary least squares regression.ResultsWhite and Asian American children have significantly lower rates of obesity than African American children, Hispanic children, or children of other races. We report a positive linear trend for all definitions of overweight and obesity among children 2-19 years old, most prominently among adolescents. Children aged 2 to 5 years showed a sharp increase in obesity prevalence from 2015 to 2016 compared with the previous cycle.ConclusionsDespite previous reports that obesity in children and adolescents has remained stable or decreased in recent years, we found no evidence of a decline in obesity prevalence at any age. In contrast, we report a significant increase in severe obesity among children aged 2 to 5 years since the 2013-2014 cycle, a trend that continued upward for many subgroups.
| S-EPMC6109602 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEstimating the global burden of influenza hospitalizations is required to allocate resources and assess interventions that aim to prevent severe influenza. In France, the current routine influenza surveillance system does not fully measure the burden of severe influenza cases. The objective was to describe the characteristics and severity of influenza hospitalizations by age-group and by season between 2012 and 2017.MethodsAll hospitalizations with a diagnosis of influenza in metropolitan France between July 2012 and June 2017 were extracted from the French national hospital discharge database (PMSI). For each season, the total number of influenza hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units (ICU), proportion of deaths, lengths of stay, and distribution in diagnosis-related groups were described by age-group.ResultsOver the five seasons, 91 255 hospitalizations with a diagnosis of influenza were identified. The average influenza hospitalization rate varied from 13/100 000 in 2013-2014 to 46/100 000 in 2016-2017. A high rate was observed in elderlies during the 2014-2015 and 2016-2017 seasons, dominated by A(H3N2) virus. The youngest were impacted in 2015-2016, dominated by B/Victoria virus. The proportion of influenza hospitalizations with ICU admission was 10%, and was higher in age-group 40-79 years. The proportion of deaths and length of stay increased with age.ConclusionsThe description of influenza hospitalizations recorded in the PMSI give key information on the burden of severe influenza in France. Analyses of these data annually is valuable in order to document the severity of influenza hospitalizations by age-group and according to the circulating influenza viruses.
| S-EPMC7182605 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, Kuwait is ranked amongst the top countries in the world in obesity prevalence. This study aims to describe the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and various types of adiposity in Kuwaiti adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 3,915 Kuwaiti adults aged 18-69 years used the STEP-wise approach to surveillance of non-communicable diseases, a WHO Instrument for Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance. We assessed demographic information, lifestyle, personal and family history of diseases and physical measurements (height, weight, waist, and hip circumferences). All participants with valid height and weight measurements (n = 3,589) were included in the present analysis. Overweight was defined as BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 and obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Results: Obesity prevalence was 40.3% [95% confidence interval, 38.6-42.0%] (men, 36.5%; women, 44.0%); and overweight prevalence was 37% [35.4-38.7%] (men, 42%; women, 32.1%). The median BMI was 28.4 kg/m2 among men and 29.1 kg/m2 among women. Obesity prevalence was directly associated with female sex, age, history of diabetes, and being married in both men and women; and was inversely associated with education level in women. The prevalence of elevated waist-to-hip ratio was 46.9% among men and 37.9% among women. Waist circumference, waist-hip and waist-height ratios were directly associated with diabetes in both men and women, and inversely associated with education level in women. Conclusion: Almost eight in ten Kuwaiti adults were overweight or obese. Urgent public health action is warranted to tackle the obesity epidemic in Kuwait.
| S-EPMC6629831 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Harris County, Texas experienced its largest outbreak of West Nile (WNV) disease in 2014. Characterization WNV isolates from the outbreak using next generation sequencing approaches, phylogeny, and animal studies revealed a novel genotype characterized by selection of an amino acid substitution, NS2A-R188K. Retrospective analysis of Genbank showed this genotype was first identified in New York and Connecticut in 2008 and then in Texas subsequently. Thus, we have termed this the Northeast 2008 (NE/WN08) genotype. Emergence of this genotype in Texas likely involved the displacement of the SW/WN03 genotype. Quasispecies diversity revealed significant variation occurred among viral isolates, but no phenotypic changes were observed in terms of temperature sensitivity and mouse virulence, suggesting that despite WNV being in North America for 15 years there are strong mutational robustness among naturally occurring WNV isolates. Examination of Genbank showed that convergent evolution of NS2A-R188K was also taking place worldwide.
2020-01-01 | GSE126555 | GEO