Dataset Information

Retrospective comparison of high-resolution computed tomography of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis with severe asthma.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is often misdiagnosed as severe asthma due to their similar clinical presentations. We compared the pulmonary radiologic features of EGPA to those of severe asthma by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in order to early diagnose EGPA.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed clinical records and HRCT findings of 96 patients with EGPA and 82 patients with severe asthma who were seen at our hospital from 2011 to 2017. We used a semi-quantitative grading system to evaluate radiological findings. A radiological only and a clinical-radiological model were used to differentiate EGPA from severe asthma.

Results

Bronchial wall thickening, air trapping, tree-in-bud opacities, bronchial mucus plugging, bronchiectasis, diffuse ground-glass opacities (GGOs), consolidation, and increased small vascular markings were more common in EGPA patients than in severe asthmatics (P<0.05). The gradings of GGO (grade 2 vs. grade 1) and tree-in-bud opacities (grade 2 vs. grade 0) were higher in EGPA patients than in severe asthmatics. The total image score of EGPA patients was significantly higher than that of severe asthmatics (P<0.05). In the radiological only and the clinical-radiological model, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) for the identification of EGPA and severe asthma were 0.904 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.860 to 0.948] and 0.974 (95% CI: 0.955 to 0.993), respectively.

Conclusions

Lung HRCT scan is useful in differentiating EGPA from severe asthma. In patients with difficult-to-treat asthma, an HRCT scan of the thorax should be performed should there be features that raise the suspicion of EGPA.

SUBMITTER: Lin X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8267300 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Retrospective comparison of high-resolution computed tomography of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis with severe asthma.

Lin Xiaofeng X Lin Yuejiao Y Lai Zhengdao Z Wei Shushan S Qiu Minzhi M Li Jianyu J Liu Qin Q Chung Kian Fan KF Zeng Qingsi Q Zhang Qingling Q

Annals of translational medicine 20210601 12

<h4>Background</h4>Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is often misdiagnosed as severe asthma due to their similar clinical presentations. We compared the pulmonary radiologic features of EGPA to those of severe asthma by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in order to early diagnose EGPA.<h4>Methods</h4>We retrospectively reviewed clinical records and HRCT findings of 96 patients with EGPA and 82 patients with severe asthma who were seen at our hospital from 2011 to 2017 ...[more]

PMID: 34277783

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Project description:IntroductionAsthma associated with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is often severe and corticosteroid-dependent, leading to significant morbidity. Mepolizumab and benralizumab are humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin 5 (IL-5) and its receptor, respectively. They have been shown to be effective in steroid-sparing in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab and benralizumab prescribed for severe asthma in patients with EGPA under "real-world" conditions.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of patients with EGPA and persistent asthma who received either mepolizumab 100 or 300 mg administered every 4 weeks, or benralizumab 30 mg administered every 4 weeks for the initial 3 injections and followed by an injection every 8 weeks thereafter, whilst combined with oral glucocorticoids. The follow-up every 6 ± 3 months included an assessment of clinical manifestations, pulmonary function tests and eosinophil cell count. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients at 12 months receiving a daily oral dose of prednisone or equivalent of 4 mg or less with a BVAS of 0.ResultsTwenty-six patients were included. After 12 months of treatment with mepolizumab or benralizumab, 32% of patients met the primary outcome and were receiving less than 4 mg of prednisone per day with a BVAS of 0. The median dose of prednisone was 10 mg per day at baseline, 9 mg at 6 months, and 5 mg at 12 months (p ≤ 0.01). At 12 months, 23% of patients were weaned off corticosteroids, while an increase or no change in dose was observed in 27% of patients. The median eosinophil count was significantly reduced from 365 cells/mm3 to 55 cells/mm3 at 6 months and 70 cells/mm3 at 12 months, respectively. No significant change was observed in FEV1. After 12 months of treatment, 14% of patients had had an average of 1 exacerbation of asthma, compared with 52% of patients before baseline. The tolerability profile was favorable.ConclusionIn this real-world study in patients with severe asthma and a history of EGPA asthma, mepolizumab and benralizumab had a significant steroid-sparing effect and reduced asthma exacerbation, but no significant effect on lung function.

Project description:BackgroundEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is an eosinophilic vasculitis. Mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, reduces blood eosinophil counts and may have value in the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.MethodsIn this multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned participants with relapsing or refractory eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis who had received treatment for at least 4 weeks and were taking a stable prednisolone or prednisone dose to receive 300 mg of mepolizumab or placebo, administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks, plus standard care, for 52 weeks. The two primary end points were the accrued weeks of remission over a 52-week period, according to categorical quantification, and the proportion of participants in remission at both week 36 and week 48. Secondary end points included the time to first relapse and the average daily glucocorticoid dose (during weeks 48 through 52). The annualized relapse rate and safety were assessed.ResultsA total of 136 participants underwent randomization, with 68 participants assigned to receive mepolizumab and 68 to receive placebo. Mepolizumab treatment led to significantly more accrued weeks of remission than placebo (28% vs. 3% of the participants had ≥24 weeks of accrued remission; odds ratio, 5.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.68 to 13.03; P<0.001) and a higher percentage of participants in remission at both week 36 and week 48 (32% vs. 3%; odds ratio, 16.74; 95% CI, 3.61 to 77.56; P<0.001). Remission did not occur in 47% of the participants in the mepolizumab group versus 81% of those in the placebo group. The annualized relapse rate was 1.14 in the mepolizumab group, as compared with 2.27 in the placebo group (rate ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.70; P<0.001). A total of 44% of the participants in the mepolizumab group, as compared with 7% of those in the placebo group, had an average daily dose of prednisolone or prednisone of 4.0 mg or less per day during weeks 48 through 52 (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.41; P<0.001). The safety profile of mepolizumab was similar to that observed in previous studies.ConclusionsIn participants with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, mepolizumab resulted in significantly more weeks in remission and a higher proportion of participants in remission than did placebo, thus allowing for reduced glucocorticoid use. Even so, only approximately half the participants treated with mepolizumab had protocol-defined remission. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02020889 .).

Dataset Information

Retrospective comparison of high-resolution computed tomography of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis with severe asthma.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Retrospective comparison of high-resolution computed tomography of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis with severe asthma.

Similar Datasets

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