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TENT4A Non-Canonical Poly(A) Polymerase Regulates DNA-Damage Tolerance via Multiple Pathways That Are Mutated in Endometrial Cancer.

ABSTRACT: TENT4A (PAPD7) is a non-canonical poly(A) polymerase, of which little is known. Here, we show that TENT4A regulates multiple biological pathways and focuses on its multilayer regulation of translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), in which error-prone DNA polymerases bypass unrepaired DNA lesions. We show that TENT4A regulates mRNA stability and/or translation of DNA polymerase η and RAD18 E3 ligase, which guides the polymerase to replication stalling sites and monoubiquitinates PCNA, thereby enabling recruitment of error-prone DNA polymerases to damaged DNA sites. Remarkably, in addition to the effect on RAD18 mRNA stability via controlling its poly(A) tail, TENT4A indirectly regulates RAD18 via the tumor suppressor CYLD and via the long non-coding antisense RNA PAXIP1-AS2, which had no known function. Knocking down the expression of TENT4A or CYLD, or overexpression of PAXIP1-AS2 led each to reduced amounts of the RAD18 protein and DNA polymerase η, leading to reduced TLS, highlighting PAXIP1-AS2 as a new TLS regulator. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TLS error-prone DNA polymerase genes and their TENT4A-related regulators are frequently mutated in endometrial cancer genomes, suggesting that TLS is dysregulated in this cancer.

SUBMITTER: Swain U

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8267958 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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TENT4A non-canonical poly(A) polymerase regulates DNA-damage tolerance via multiple pathways which are mutated in endometrial cancer

Project description:TENT4A (PAPD7) is a non-canonical poly(A) polymerase, of which little is known. Here we show that TENT4A is involved in the regulation of multiple biological pathways, and focus on translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), a DNA-damage tolerance process in which unrepaired lesions are bypassed by error-prone DNA polymerases. We show that TENT4A regulates mRNA stability and/or translation of DNA polymerase η, and of the RAD18 E3 ligase that monoubiquitinates PCNA, the latter being a key step in TLS which enables recruitment of error-prone DNA polymerases to damaged DNA sites. Remarkably, in addition to the effect on RAD18 mRNA stability via controlling its poly(A) tail, TENT4A indirectly regulates RAD18 via the tumor suppressor CYLD, and via the long non-coding antisense RNA PAXIP1-AS2, which had no known function. Knocking down the expression of TENT4A or CYLD, or over-expression of PAXIP1-AS2 led each to a decrease in the amount of the RAD18 protein, but the effect on PCNA ubiquitination was variable. Still, TLS was reduced under these conditions, likely due a to a parallel decrease in DNA polymerase η. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TLS error-prone DNA polymerase genes and their TENT4A-related regulators are frequently mutated in endometrial cancer genomes, suggesting that TLS is dysregulated in endometrial cancer.

2021-06-29 | GSE141870 | GEO

TENT4A non-canonical poly(A) polymerase regulates DNA-damage tolerance via multiple pathways which are mutated in endometrial cancer

Project description:TENT4A non-canonical poly(A) polymerase regulates DNA-damage tolerance via multiple pathways which are mutated in endometrial cancer

| PRJNA594987 | ENA

The non-canonical poly(A) polymerase FAM46C acts as an onco-suppressor in multiple myeloma.

Project description:FAM46C is one of the most frequently mutated genes in multiple myeloma. Here, using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, we demonstrate that FAM46C encodes an active non-canonical poly(A) polymerase which enhances mRNA stability and gene expression. Reintroduction of active FAM46C into multiple myeloma cell lines, but not its catalytically-inactive mutant, leads to broad polyadenylation and stabilization of mRNAs strongly enriched with those encoding endoplasmic reticulum-targeted proteins and induces cell death. Moreover, silencing of FAM46C in multiple myeloma cells expressing WT protein enhance cell proliferation. Finally, using a FAM46C-FLAG knock-in mouse strain, we show that the FAM46C protein is strongly induced during activation of primary splenocytes and that B lymphocytes isolated from newly generated FAM46C KO mice proliferate faster than those isolated from their WT littermates. Concluding, our data clearly indicate that FAM46C works as an onco-suppressor, with the specificity for B-lymphocyte lineage from which multiple myeloma originates. FAM46C is one of the most frequently mutated genes in multiple myeloma (MM), but its molecular function remains unknown. Here the authors show that FAM46C is a poly(A) polymerase and that loss of function of FAM46C drives multiple myeloma through the destabilisation of ER response transcripts.

| S-EPMC5606997 | biostudies-literature

Regression of Chemotherapy-Resistant Polymerase ? (POLE) Ultra-Mutated and MSH6 Hyper-Mutated Endometrial Tumors with Nivolumab.

Project description:The management of endometrial carcinoma no longer amenable to treatment with surgery or radiotherapy has not improved significantly with modern chemotherapy. Alternative therapeutic options are desperately needed.We describe 2 heavily pretreated patients with recurrent disease refractory to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy who were treated with the anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab.Patient #1 harbored an ultra-mutated tumor (mutation load/MB = 117.3, total mutations = 4,660) driven by mutation in the exonuclease domain of the DNA polymerase ? gene. Patient #2 harbored a hyper-mutated tumor (mutation load/MB = 33.5, total mutations = 1,037) due to a germinal MSH6 gene mutation. Both patients demonstrated a remarkable clinical response to the anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab. Patients' clinical responses remain unchanged at the time of the writing of this report, with no grade 3 or higher side effects reported to date.Anti-PD-1 inhibitors represent a novel treatment option for recurrent/metastatic, ultra/hyper-mutated human tumors refractory to salvage treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5682-7. ©2016 AACRSee related commentary by Piulats and Matias-Guiu, p. 5623.

| S-EPMC5135588 | biostudies-literature

The non-canonical poly(A) polymerase FAM46C acts as an onco-suppressor in multiple myeloma

Project description:FAM46C is one of the most frequently mutated genes in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, we demonstrate that FAM46C encodes an active non-canonical poly(A) polymerase which enhances mRNA stability and gene expression. Reintroduction of active FAM46C into MM cell lines, but not its catalytically-inactive mutant, leads to broad polyadenylation and stabilization of mRNAs strongly enriched with those encoding endoplasmic reticulum-targeted proteins and induces cell death. Moreover, silencing of FAM46C in MM cells expressing WT protein enhance cell proliferation. Finally, using a FAM46C-FLAG knock-in mouse strain we show that the FAM46C protein is strongly induced during activation of primary splenocytes and that B lymphocytes isolated from newly generated FAM46C KO mice proliferate faster than those isolated from their WT littermates. Concluding, our data clearly indicate that FAM46C works as an onco-suppressor, with the specificity for B-lymphocyte lineage from which multiple myeloma originates.

2018-03-09 | PXD006790 | Pride

The non-canonical poly(A) polymerase FAM46C promotes erythropoiesis

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2023-10-20 | GSE245697 | GEO

Poly-ADP Ribosyl Polymerase 1 (PARP1) Regulates Influenza A Virus Polymerase.

Project description:Influenza A viruses (IAV) are evolutionarily successful pathogens, capable of infecting a number of avian and mammalian species and responsible for pandemic and seasonal epidemic disease in humans. To infect new species, IAV typically must overcome a number of species barriers to entry, replication, and egress, even while virus replication is counteracted by antiviral host factors and innate immune mechanisms. A number of host factors have been found to regulate the replication of IAV by interacting with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). The host factor PARP1, a poly-ADP ribosyl polymerase, was required for optimal functions of human, swine, and avian influenza RdRP in human 293T cells. In IAV infection, PARP1 was required for efficient synthesis of viral nucleoprotein (NP) in human lung A549 cells. Intriguingly, pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity (PARylation) by 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide led to a 4-fold increase in RdRP activity, and a 2.3-fold increase in virus titer. Exogenous expression of the natural PARylation inhibitor PARG also enhanced RdRP activity. These data suggest a virus-host interaction dynamic where PARP1 protein itself is required, but cellular PARylation has a distinct suppressive modality, on influenza A viral polymerase activity in human cells.

| S-EPMC6444269 | biostudies-literature

Multiple biochemical properties of the p53 molecule contribute to activation of polymerase iota-dependent DNA damage tolerance.

Project description:We have previously reported that p53 decelerates nascent DNA elongation in complex with the translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerase ι (POLι) which triggers a homology-directed DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathway to bypass obstacles during DNA replication. Here, we demonstrate that this DDT pathway relies on multiple p53 activities, which can be disrupted by TP53 mutations including those frequently found in cancer tissues. We show that the p53-mediated DDT pathway depends on its oligomerization domain (OD), while its regulatory C-terminus is not involved. Mutation of residues S315 and D48/D49, which abrogate p53 interactions with the DNA repair and replication proteins topoisomerase I and RPA, respectively, and residues L22/W23, which disrupt formation of p53-POLι complexes, all prevent this DDT pathway. Our results demonstrate that the p53-mediated DDT requires the formation of a DNA binding-proficient p53 tetramer, recruitment of such tetramer to RPA-coated forks and p53 complex formation with POLι. Importantly, our mutational analysis demonstrates that transcriptional transactivation is dispensable for the POLι-mediated DDT pathway, which we show protects against DNA replication damage from endogenous and exogenous sources.

| S-EPMC7708082 | biostudies-literature

The non-canonical poly(A) polymerase FAM46C promotes erythropoiesis [RIP]

Project description:Posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA is a crucial component of gene expression. The disruption of this process can have detrimental effects on normal development and give rise to various diseases. The search for novel posttranscriptional regulators and the exploration of their roles are essential for understanding development and disease. Through a multimodal analysis of red blood cell trait GWASs and transcriptomes of erythropoiesis, we identified FAM46C, a non-canonical RNA poly(A) polymerase, as a necessary factor for proper red blood cell development. FAM46C is highly expressed in late stages of the erythroid lineage, and its developmental upregulation is controlled by an erythroid-specific enhancer. We demonstrate that FAM46C stabilizes mRNA in an enzyme activity dependent manner by maintaining the poly(A) tails of its targets. Furthermore, we identified transcripts of lysosome and mitochondria components as highly confident in vivo targets of FAM46C, which aligns with the need of maturing red blood cells for substantial clearance of organelles and maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. In conclusion, our study unveils a novel role of FAM46C in positively regulating the level of lysosome and mitochondria components, thereby promoting erythropoiesis.

2023-10-20 | GSE245696 | GEO

The non-canonical poly(A) polymerase FAM46C promotes erythropoiesis [ADAR_APOBEC]

2023-10-20 | GSE245692 | GEO

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