Project description:Background and Aims:Migration is a late adverse event of biliary stent placement. It occurs in 1% to 20% of cases and is associated with a diverse array of adverse events. In this article, we report our take on endoscopic extraction of proximally migrated biliary stents by the use of single-operator cholangioscopy. Methods:This report includes 3 patients who were found to have proximal stent migration while being treated for biliary stones. One patient had a migrated metal stent, and the other 2 had plastic stents. Single-operator cholangioscopy was used to retrieve the stents in all patients. The SpyBite biopsy forceps accessory was used to extract the metal stent, whereas the SpyBasket and the SpySnare were used to extract the plastic stents. Results:All patients underwent successful stent removal by the techniques described in this report, with no immediate adverse events, and they completed more than 4 weeks of follow-up care with no further adverse events. Conclusions:Digital single-operator cholangioscopy with SpyBasket, retrieval snare, and SpyBite biopsy forceps can be useful tools to remove migrated plastic and metallic stents, respectively.
Project description:Video 1ERCP was notable for a proximally migrated biliary stent. Cholangiogram demonstrated multiple filling defects consistent with choledocholithiasis surrounding the proximally migrated biliary stent. Retrieval of the stent was successful using cholangioscopy-directed electrohydraulic lithotripsy, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, mechanical lithotripsy, and minisnare over the course of 2 ERCPs. Complete duct clearance of stones was accomplished with balloon sweeps.
Project description:Endoscopic biliary decompression via stent placement is an important approach for the palliative management of distal malignant biliary obstruction. However, migration of the inserted stent can occur, either distally or proximally; proximal migration is less common, but it also presents a greater challenge for endoscopic resolution. We present a case of a 67-year-old woman who had locally advanced pancreatic cancer and developed a common bile duct obstruction. Upon clinical presentation of chronic, painless, progressive jaundice, the obstruction was managed by placing of a 10?mm?×?60?mm covered self-expandable metal stent (CSEMS), which successfully facilitated palliative biliary drainage. Six months later, however, the patient developed recurrent jaundice, which was determined to be due to proximal migration of the CSEMS. Repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was performed, and initial attempts to retrieve the migrated stent failed. Finally, another 10?mm?×?60?mm CSEMS was placed across the stricture site, inside the previous stent, which remained in place. The treatment resolved the obstruction and jaundice, and the patient experienced no adverse events.
Project description:Background and aimsCertain pancreaticobiliary conditions remain challenging to treat using standard endoscopic techniques. Examples include difficult-to-remove gallstones and foreign objects in the bile ducts. Two tools designed for these purposes are the SpyGlass retrieval basket and the SpyGlass retrieval snare, which are passed through the cholangioscope channel for use under direct visualization. We present 3 cases in which these tools were used successfully.MethodsThree cases using the SpyGlass retrieval basket and retrieval snare were reviewed for efficacy.ResultsPatient 1 had hepatitis C cirrhosis and underwent liver transplantation with T tube placement at the site of biliary anastomosis. Image-guided T tube removal by interventional radiology was unsuccessful. Endoscopic removal with the SpyGlass retrieval snare was completed. Patient 2 presented with cholangitis from an impacted common bile duct stone. Fragmentation with electrohydraulic lithotripsy was performed, and the fragments were removed with the SpyGlass retrieval basket. Patient 3 presented for removal of a migrated biliary stent. The stent was placed a year prior during an ERCP for treatment of choledocholithiasis. Initial removal attempt at an area hospital failed, so the patient was referred to our center, where the Spyglass retrieval snare was used to remove the biliary stent.ConclusionsThis case series demonstrates initial successes treating biliary pathologic conditions with the SpyGlass retrieval basket and retrieval snare, 2 tools designed for use under direct visualization with the cholangioscope.
Project description:Endoscopic migrated stent removal using a balloon-assisted enteroscope is technically difficult in patients with bowel reconstruction. We report the treatment outcomes and endoscopic removal methods for migrated stents using a double-balloon enteroscope (DBE). We retrospectively studied 12 patients with stent migration into the main pancreatic duct (MPD) or bile duct who underwent bowel reconstruction between January 2012 and June 2020. The successful removal rates in the MPD (n = 3) and the bile duct (n = 9) were 66.7% (2/3) and 88.9% (8/9), respectively. The removal techniques included the indirect method (n = 3), the direct method (n = 4), and a combination of indirect and direct methods (n = 3). The removal devices included an extraction balloon catheter (n = 7), basket catheter (n = 5), biopsy forceps (n = 3), and snare (n = 2). Stent removal using a DBE was feasible and useful as the first treatment for patients with bowel reconstruction. The choice of the direct and/or indirect method according to the situation of the migrated stent is important.