ABSTRACT: GAox is a key enzyme for the transformation of gibberellins, and belongs to the 2-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase gene family (2ODD). However, a systematic analysis of GAox in the angiosperm L. chinense has not yet been reported. Here, we identified all LcGAox gene family members in L. chinense, which were classified into the three subgroups of GA20ox, C19GA2ox, and C20GA2ox. Comparison of the gene structure, conserve motifs, phylogenetic relationships, and syntenic relationships of gibberellin oxidase gene families in different species indicated that the gene functional differences may be due to the partial deletion of their domains during evolution. Furthermore, evidence for purifying selection was detected between orthologous GAox genes in rice, grape, Arabidopsis, and L. chinense. Analysis of the codon usage patterns showed that mutation pressure and natural selection might have induced codon usage bias in angiosperms; however, the LcGAox genes in mosses, lycophytes, and ambarella plants exhibited no obvious codon usage preference. These results suggested that the gibberellin oxidase genes were more primitive. The gene expression pattern was analyzed in different organs subjected to multiple abiotic stresses, including GA, abscisic acid (ABA), and chlormequat (CCC) treatment, by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR, and the stress- and phytohormone-responsive cis-elements were counted. The results showed that the synthesis and decomposition of GA were regulated by different LcGAox genes in the vegetative and reproductive organs of L. chinense, and only LcGA2ox1,4, and 7 responded to the NaCl, polyethylene glycol, 4 °C, GA, ABA, and CCC treatment in the roots, stems, and leaves of seedlings at different time periods, revealing the potential role of LcGAox in stress resistance.
