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QTL mapping of seedling tolerance to exposure to low temperature in the maize IBM RIL population.

ABSTRACT: Maize is a cold sensitive crop that exhibits severe retardation of growth and development when exposed to cold spells during and right after germination, including the slowdown in development of new leaves and in formation of the photosynthetic apparatus. Improving cold tolerance in maize would allow early sowing to improve crop yield by prolonging a growing season and by decreasing the negative effects of summer drought, diseases, and pests. Two maize inbreds widely incorporated into American maize germplasm, B73 and Mo17, exhibit different levels of tolerance to low temperature exposure at seedling stage. In addition, thirty seven diverse inbred maize lines showed large variation for seedling response to low temperature exposure with lines with extremely low tolerance to seedling exposure to low temperatures falling into stiff stalk, non-stiff stalk, and tropical clades. We employed the maize intermated B73×Mo17 (IBM) recombinant inbred line population (IBM Syn4 RIL) to investigate the genetic architecture of cold stress tolerance at a young seedling stage and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling this variation. A panel of 97 recombinant inbred lines of IBM Syn4 were used to measure, and score based on several traits related to chlorophyll concentration, leaf color, and tissue damage. Our analysis resulted in detection of two QTLs with high additive impact, one on chromosome 1 (bin 1.02) and second on chromosome 5 (bin 5.05). Further investigation of the QTL regions using gene expression data provided a list of the candidate genes likely contributing to the variation in cold stress response. Among the genes located within QTL regions identified in this study and differentially expressed in response to low temperature exposure are the genes with putative functions related to auxin and gibberellin response, as well as general abiotic stress response, and genes coding for proteins with broad regulatory functions.

SUBMITTER: Goering R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8270210 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Low-temperature germination ability (LTGA) is an important characteristic for spring sowing maize. However, few maize genes related to LTGA were confirmed, and the regulatory mechanism is less clear. Here, maize-inbred lines Ye478 and Q1 with different LTGA were used to perform transcriptome analysis at multiple low-temperature germination stages, and a co-expression network was constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Data analysis showed that 7964 up- and 5010 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Ye478 were identified at low-temperature germination stages, while 6060 up- and 2653 down-regulated DEGs of Q1 were identified. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that ribosome synthesis and hydrogen peroxide metabolism were enhanced and mRNA metabolism was weakened under low-temperature stress for Ye478, while hydrogen peroxide metabolism was enhanced and mRNA metabolism was weakened for Q1. DEGs pairwise comparisons between the two genotypes found that Ye478 performed more ribosome synthesis at low temperatures compared with Q1. WGCNA analysis based on 24 transcriptomes identified 16 co-expressed modules. Of these, the MEbrown module was highly correlated with Ye478 at low-temperature stages and catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, and the MEred, MEgreen, and MEblack modules were highly correlated with Ye478 across low-temperature stages, which revealed a significant association between LTGA and these modules. GO enrichment analysis showed the MEbrown and MEred modules mainly functioned in ribosome synthesis and cell cycle, respectively. In addition, we conducted quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis based on a doubled haploid (DH) population constructed by Ye478 and Q1 and identified a major QTL explanting 20.6% of phenotype variance on chromosome 1. In this QTL interval, we found three, four, and three hub genes in the MEbrown, MEred, and MEgreen modules, of which two hub genes (Zm00001d031951, Zm00001d031953) related to glutathione metabolism and one hub gene (Zm00001d031617) related to oxidoreductase activity could be the candidate genes for LTGA. These biological functions and candidate genes will be helpful in understanding the regulatory mechanism of LTGA and the directional improvement of maize varieties for LTGA.

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QTL mapping of seedling tolerance to exposure to low temperature in the maize IBM RIL population.

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