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Alterations of lipid metabolism provide serologic biomarkers for the detection of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19 patients.

ABSTRACT: COVID-19 pandemic exerts a health care emergency around the world. The illness severity is heterogeneous. It is mostly unknown why some individuals who are positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies stay asymptomatic while others show moderate to severe disease symptoms. Reliable biomarkers for early detection of the disease are urgently needed to attenuate the virus's spread and help make early treatment decisions. Bioactive sphingolipids play a crucial role in the regulation of viral infections and pro-inflammatory responses involved in the severity of COVID-19. However, any roles of sphingolipids in COVID-19 development or detection remain unknown. In this study, lipidomics measurement of serum sphingolipids demonstrated that reduced sphingosine levels are highly associated with the development of symptomatic COVID-19 in the majority (99.24%) SARS-CoV-2-infected patients compared to asymptomatic counterparts. The majority of asymptomatic individuals (73%) exhibited increased acid ceramidase (AC) in their serum, measured by Western blotting, consistent with elevated sphingosine levels compared to SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative controls. AC protein was also reduced in almost all of the symptomatic patients' serum, linked to reduced sphingosine levels, measured in longitudinal acute or convalescent COVID-19 samples. Thus, reduced sphingosine levels provide a sensitive and selective serologic biomarker for the early identification of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19 patients.

SUBMITTER: Janneh AH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8270895 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThe ultrasound (US) evaluation of the male sex accessory gland inflammation (MAGI) helps the clinicians to understand the severity of this condition, allowing them to distinguish the uncomplicated form (prostatitis) from the complicated ones (prostate-vesiculitis and prostate-vesiculitis-epididymitis), as well as the unilateral from the bilateral forms, the fibrosclerotic and the hypertrophic-congestive form.ObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate the US features of MAGI patients with active symptoms compared to patients without sexual, voiding, and ejaculatory dysfunction.Materials/methodsTo achieve this aim, an analysis of the prevalence of MAGI US criteria was carried out on a very large series of over 500 patients diagnosed with MAGI classified according to the different symptom profile evaluated through a dedicated questionnaire (previously conceived and published by our group) arbitrarily named "structured interview about MAGI" (SI-MAGI) for sexual, voiding, and ejaculatory disorders reported by these patients.ResultsThe results of this study revealed that US criteria most frequently detected in patients with severe urinary symptoms were the presence of areas of high echogenicity (almost exclusively in the periurethral prostatic zone) together with the presence of single or multiple areas of acinar ectasia of the prostate. The presence of seminal vesicles with polycyclic areas within the glandular lumen separated by hyperechoic septa represented US criterion most frequently detected in patients with severe spontaneous or post-ejaculate pain. Finally, US criterion most frequently detected in patients with severe sexual dysfunction was the dilation of the periprostatic venous plexus, suggesting the hypothesis of a possible alternative therapeutic approach.ConclusionThe data of the present study suggest that symptoms may associate with US signs in patients with MAGI. Also, specific US signs may associate with specific symptoms. Further studies are needed to understand whether patients with specific US signs may in turn benefit from a personalized therapeutic choice.

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Alterations of lipid metabolism provide serologic biomarkers for the detection of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19 patients.

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