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Chitosan, Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified MgFe₂O₄ Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles in Doxorubicin Delivery: A Comparative Study In Vitro.

ABSTRACT: Cancer-based magnetic theranostics has gained significant interest in recent years and can contribute as an influential archetype in the effective treatment of cancer. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility, minute sizes and reactive functional surface groups, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are being explored as potential drug delivery systems. In this study, MgFe₂O₄ ferrite MNPs were evaluated for their potential to augment the delivery of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). These MNPs were successfully synthesized by the glycol-thermal method and functionalized with the polymers; chitosan (CHI), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), respectively, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the single-phase cubic spinel structures while vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis confirmed the superparamagnetic properties of all MNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) revealed small, compact structures with good colloidal stability. CHI-MNPs had the highest DOX encapsulation (84.28%), with the PVA-MNPs recording the lowest encapsulation efficiency (59.49%). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assays conducted in the human embryonic kidney (HEK293), colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), and breast adenocarcinoma (SKBR-3) cell lines showed that all the drug-free polymerized MNPs promoted cell survival, while the DOX loaded MNPs significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The DOX-CHI-MNPs possessed superior anticancer activity (<40% cell viability), with approximately 85.86% of the drug released after 72 h in a pH-responsive manner. These MNPs have shown good potential in enhancing drug delivery, thus warranting further optimizations and investigations.

SUBMITTER: Ramnandan D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8271878 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundCombination therapy employing siRNAs and antitumor drugs is a promising method for the treatment of solid tumors. However, regarding combined treatments involving siRNAs and chemotherapeutic reagents, most prior research has focused on the enhanced cytotoxicity against tumor cells conferred by downregulation of the targeted protein.PurposeWe developed D-?-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)-modified cationic liposomes (LPs) to simultaneously deliver doxorubicin (Dox) and the Bcl-2 siRNA (siBcl-2) for synergistic chemotherapy. The co-loading of siBcl-2 onto the Dox-loaded cationic LPs (siBcl-2/Dox-TPGS-LPs) could promote cellular uptake, cytotoxicity against 3D H22 tumor spheroids, circulation in the blood, drug accumulation at tumor sites, and synergistic chemotherapy in vivo.MethodsThe siBcl-2/Dox-TPGS-LPs were constructed by co-loading siBcl-2 onto the Dox-loaded TPGS-modified cationic LPs (Dox-TPGS-LPs), and Dox entrapment into the LPs was achieved using an ammonium sulfate gradient method. The antitumor effects of siBcl-2/Dox-TPGS-LPs were studied in murine hepatic carcinoma H22 cells, 3D H22 tumor spheroids, and H22 tumor-bearing mice.ResultsDynamic light scattering technique and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that siBcl-2 loaded onto the Dox-TPGS-LPs formed a prominent corona at an nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) ratio of 4:1, resulting in particle size increase from 155 to 210 nm and a weak positive zeta potential (+12.5 mV). The siBcl-2/Dox-TPGS-LPs enhanced the cellular uptake of Dox, promoted toxicity against 3D H22 tumor spheroids via tumor priming, prolonged Dox circulation in the blood, and increased accumulation of Dox at tumor sites, thereby enhancing the cytotoxicity of Dox in vitro and its chemotherapeutic efficacy in vivo.ConclusionThe siBcl-2/Dox-TPGS-LPs demonstrated a strong potential for application in synergistic chemotherapy. The co-loading of siRNAs both sensitized cells toward antitumor drugs by downregulating the expression level of a specific protein and influenced the pharmacokinetic behavior of the co-delivery system in vitro and in vivo.

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Chitosan, Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified MgFe₂O₄ Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles in Doxorubicin Delivery: A Comparative Study In Vitro.

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Chitosan, Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified MgFe2O4 Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles in Doxorubicin Delivery: A Comparative Study In Vitro.

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Chitosan, Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified MgFe₂O₄ Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles in Doxorubicin Delivery: A Comparative Study In Vitro.