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Functional Neuroimaging During Asleep DBS Surgery: A Proof of Concept Study.

ABSTRACT: Object: A real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) feedback during ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) deep brain stimulation (DBS) under general anesthesia (or "asleep" DBS) does not exist. We hypothesized that it was feasible to acquire a reliable and responsive fMRI during asleep VIM DBS surgery. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 10 consecutive patients who underwent asleep DBS for the treatment of medication-refractory essential tremor. Under general anesthesia, we acquired resting-state functional MRI immediately before and after the cannula insertion. Reliability was determined by a temporal signal-to-noise-ratio >100. Responsiveness was determined based on the fMRI signal change upon insertion of the cannula to the VIM. Results: It was feasible to acquire reliable fMRI during asleep DBS surgery. The fMRI signal was responsive to the brain cannula insertion, revealing a reduction in the tremor network's functional connectivity, which did not reach statistical significance in the group analysis. Conclusions: It is feasible to acquire a reliable and responsive fMRI signal during asleep DBS. The acquisition steps and the preprocessing pipeline developed in these experiments will be useful for future investigations to develop fMRI-based feedback for asleep DBS surgery.

SUBMITTER: Sammartino F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8273165 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prefrontal Cortical Stimulation in Tourette Disorder: Proof-of-concept Clinical and Neuroimaging Study.

Project description:BackgroundThe benefits of neurosurgery in Tourette Syndrome (TS) are still incompletely understood. Prefrontal cortical electrical stimulation offers a less invasive alternative to deep brain stimulation.ObjectiveTo perform a pilot assessment on safety and efficacy of prefrontal cortical bilateral electrical stimulation in TS using clinical and brain metabolic assessments.MethodsFour adult TS patients underwent tic assessment using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and the Rush Video Rating Scale at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12-months after implant; whereas FDG-PET scans were acquired at baseline and after 6 and 12 months.ResultsTic clinical scores were improved at 6 months after implant, meanwhile they showed a tendency to re-emerge at the 12-month follow-up. There was a correlation between FDG-PET and tics, mainly consisting in a reduction of baseline brain hypermetabolism, which paralleled tic score reduction.ConclusionEpidural stimulation in TS is safe and yields a modulation of tics, paralleled by FDG-PET metabolic modulation.

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Molecular phenotyping empowers drug discovery: a proof-of-concept study

Project description:Today, novel candidate therapeutics are identified in an environment which is intrinsically different from the clinical context in which they are ultimately evaluated. We present a strategy that allows biological relevance to be assessed in the early stages of drug discovery. Using molecular phenotyping and an in vitro model of diabetic cardiomyopathy, we show that by quantifying pathway reporter gene expression, molecular phenotyping can cluster compounds based on pathway profiles and dissect associations between pathway activities and disease phenotypes simultaneously. Molecular phenotyping identified a class of calcium-signaling modulators that can reverse disease-regulated pathways and phenotypes, which was validated by structurally distinct compounds of relevant classes. The technique was applicable to compounds with a range of binding specificities and detected false-positive hits missed by classical phenotypic assays. Our results advocate application of molecular phenotyping in drug discovery, promoting biological relevance as a key selection criterion early in the drug development cascade.

2017-05-24 | GSE89972 | GEO

Exploring kidney allograft rejection: A proof-of-concept study using spatial transcriptomics

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Toward asleep DBS: cortico-basal ganglia spectral and coherence activity during interleaved propofol/ketamine sedation mimics NREM/REM sleep activity.

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Paradoxical home temperatures during cold weather: a proof-of-concept study.

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Direct and reflected self-concept show increasing similarity across adolescence: A functional neuroimaging study.

Project description:In adolescence, the perceived opinions of others are important in the construction of one's self-concept. Previous studies found involvement of medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC) and temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) in direct (own perspective) and reflected (perceived perspective of others) self-evaluations, but no studies to date examined differences in these processes across adolescence. In this study, 150 adolescents between 11 and 21 years old evaluated their traits from their own perspective and from the perceived perspective of peers in a fMRI session. Results showed overlapping behavioural and neural measures for direct and reflected self-evaluations, in mPFC, precuneus and right TPJ. The difference in behavioural ratings declined with age, and this pattern was mirrored by activity in the mPFC, showing a diminishing difference in activation for direct > reflected self-evaluations with increasing age. Right TPJ was engaged more strongly for reflected > direct evaluations in adolescents who were less positive about themselves, and those who showed who showed less item-by-item agreement between direct and reflected self-evaluations. Together, the results suggest that the internalization of others' opinions in constructing a self-concept occurs on both the behavioural and neural levels across adolescence, which may aid in developing a stable self-concept.

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Real-time neurofeedback using functional MRI could improve down-regulation of amygdala activity during emotional stimulation: a proof-of-concept study.

Project description:The amygdala is a central target of emotion regulation. It is overactive and dysregulated in affective and anxiety disorders and amygdala activity normalizes with successful therapy of the symptoms. However, a considerable percentage of patients do not reach remission within acceptable duration of treatment. The amygdala could therefore represent a promising target for real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) neurofeedback. rtfMRI neurofeedback directly improves the voluntary regulation of localized brain activity. At present, most rtfMRI neurofeedback studies have trained participants to increase activity of a target, i.e. up-regulation. However, in the case of the amygdala, down-regulation is supposedly more clinically relevant. Therefore, we developed a task that trained participants to down-regulate activity of the right amygdala while being confronted with amygdala stimulation, i.e. negative emotional faces. The activity in the functionally-defined region was used as online visual feedback in six healthy subjects instructed to minimize this signal using reality checking as emotion regulation strategy. Over a period of four training sessions, participants significantly increased down-regulation of the right amygdala compared to a passive viewing condition to control for habilitation effects. This result supports the concept of using rtfMRI neurofeedback training to control brain activity during relevant stimulation, specifically in the case of emotion, and has implications towards clinical treatment of emotional disorders.

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In vitro transcription studies used in a proof of concept whole transcriptome model predition study

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2018-12-21 | GSE109514 | GEO

Proof of concept: liver splitting during normothermic machine perfusion.

Project description:IntroductionDespite utilizing extended criteria donors, there remains a shortage of livers for transplantation. No data exists on splitting donor livers with concurrent NMP-L.MethodsA liver recovered from a donor after circulatory death was subjected to NMP-L using a red cell based fluid. During NMP-L, a 'classical' left lateral + right trisegmentectomy split was performed using an integrated bipolar/ultrasonic device. After splitting, blood flow was confirmed using Doppler ultrasound in each lobe.ResultsPrior to splitting, flow rates were maintained physiologically. Lactate decreased from 13.9 to 3.0 mmol/L. Lactate before and after splitting were similar in the hepatic arteries, portal veins and IVC. Doppler ultrasound demonstrated arterial and venous waveforms in both lobes after splitting.Conclusions'Classical' liver splitting during NMP-L is feasible, maintaining viability of both lobes. Establishing this procedure may attenuate cold ischaemic injury, allow pre-implantation monitoring of both grafts and facilitate logistics of transplanting two grafts.

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