Foliar Zinc Application to Wheat May Lessen the Zinc Deficiency Burden in Rural Quzhou, China.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yu BG
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8273279 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Foliar application of zinc (Zn) to crops is an effective way to increase the grain concentration of Zn. However, the development of more efficient foliar Zn fertilizers is limited by a lack of knowledge regarding the distribution, mobility, and speciation of Zn in leaves once it is taken up by the plant. We performed an experiment using radiolabelled Zn (65Zn), and in situ time-resolved elemental imaging using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM), to investigate the behaviour of two commonly used Zn foliar fertilizers (Zn sulphate and ZnEDTA) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Both experiments showed that Zn had limited mobility in leaves, moving <25 mm from the application point after 24 h. Although limited, the translocation of Zn occurred quickly for both treatments; moving more between 3 h and 12 h after application than between 12 h and 24 h. Speciation analysis using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) showed that ZnEDTA was in fact taken up in chelated form and not as ionic Zn (Zn2+). The XANES data also showed that Zn, from both treatments, was then complexed by ligands in the leaf (e.g. phytate and citrate), potentially in response to localized Zn toxicity. The results of the present study provide important insights into the behaviour of commonly used foliar-applied Zn fertilizers, and can be used to optimize current fertilization strategies and contribute to the development of more efficient foliar Zn fertilizers.
| S-EPMC6093386 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Foliar application of micronutrient is a rapid and promising strategy to enhance the concentration and bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat grain. To explore the effects of foliar application of micronutrients on the concentration and bioavailability of zinc and iron in grain in wheat cultivars and landraces, field experiments were carried out using 65 wheat cultivars and 28 landraces to assess the effects of foliar application of zinc (iron) on phytic acid concentrations, zinc (iron) concentrations and their molar ratios. The results indicated that mean grain zinc concentration of landraces (44.83 mg kg-1) was 11.13% greater than that of cultivars (40.34 mg kg-1) on average across seasons, while grain iron concentration did not differ significantly between landraces (41.00 mg kg-1) and cultivars (39.43 mg kg-1). Foliar zinc application significantly improved the concentration and bioavailability of zinc in grains in both cultivars and landraces, while landraces had almost two-fold more increase in grain zinc and also greater improvement in zinc bioavailability compared to cultivars. While foliar iron application did not significantly affect iron concentration and bioavailability in grains in either cultivars or landraces. Our study showed that, with foliar application of zinc but not iron, wheat landraces had better performance than cultivars in terms of the increases in both concentration and bioavailability of micronutrient in grains.
| S-EPMC8611096 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The fungicide benzovindiflupyr belongs to the class of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs). Certain SDHIs have shown plant physiological effects, so-called secondary effects, that appeared to be related to the plant water status. Therefore, the effect of benzovindiflupyr on transpiration of leaves and whole wheat plants was studied under controlled conditions. Furthermore, wheat yield trials under controlled and natural drought stress in the field were conducted.Transpiration of detached wheat leaves was reduced by benzovindiflupyr in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, whole-plant transpiration decreased for several days following application of this fungicide. In 16 field trials under drought stress conditions that were classified as disease-free, treatment of wheat plants at the flag leaf stage or at heading with benzovindiflupyr showed a grain yield increase (+5.2%; P ? 0.01) that was partially attributed to an increased thousand-grain weight.Water saving during pre-anthesis as a result of benzovindiflupyr application may be associated with better seed setting and filling under dry field conditions in wheat. The results of this research provide new insights into secondary effects of SDHIs that lead directly to yield improvements. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
| S-EPMC5814889 | biostudies-other
Project description:IntroductionZinc (Zn) as an essential micronutrient and cytokinin as phytohormone not only regulate plant growth but also play fundamental roles in plant tolerance against drought stress. Understating the function and the role of cytokinin in combined with an essential micronutrient, Zn, could improve the choice of a sustainable strategy for improvement of plant drought stress. The objective of this field research was to determine the effect of post-flowering foliar application of ZnSO4 and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) on grain yield and quality of winter wheat under water deficit condition.MethodsExperiments were conducted under filed condition. Drought was imposed by with holding irrigation at the beginning of flowering till the signs of temporary wilting/leaf rolling appeared, after which all plots were irrigated to field capacity. The foliar treatment consisted of (1) foliar application of water, as control treatment; (2) foliar application of 10 g ha-1 6-BAP; (3) Foliar application of 20 g ha-1 6-BAP; (4) Foliar application of 10 g ha-1 6-BAP plus foliar application of 6 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 solution and (5) foliar application of 10 g ha-1 6-BAP plus foliar application of 6 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 solution 2 days before drought imposition. Data were collected on grain and straw yield, yield attributes, harvest index, flag leaf fresh matter and dry matter weight, TaCKX6-D1 expression, phytic acid content in grains, mycorrhiza colonization rate and succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity.ResultsAccording to ANOVA, the factor 'Zn' significantly affected leaf relative water content (p < 0.001). Relative water content for plants foliar applied with 6-BAP was not statistically significant. Applying Zn increased yield, straw dry weight, and kernel weight relative to plants sprayed with water alone. Increased grain yield due to foliar application of Zn was associated with decrease in cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (TaCKX) and increase in kernel weight. Results showed that the drought stress significantly decreased 1000-grain weight that was accompanied with over-expression of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (TaCKX). Foliar application of Zn increased the concentration of Zn in grains. The experimental data on the zinc content of grain indicated no significant difference between the 6-BAP at 10 mg L-1 and control treatment. The phytate to Zn molar ratio was significantly affected by foliar applied Zn, but not significantly by applied 6-BAP. In the present study, SD activity of the hyphae of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (IAMF) associated with plant roots was also assayed. Results disclose that SD activity of IAMF was significantly affected by Zn treatments during grain filling stages.DiscussionIn summary, both foliar applied Zn and 6-BAP had the significant effects on all measured parameters in winter wheat. However, spike number, harvest index and mycorrhizal colonization rate were neither significantly affected by Zn nor 6- BAP. Foliar application of Zn at 0.6% (6 kg ha-1) and higher 6-BAP (20 mg L-1 m-2) promoted wheat growth and performances under imposed drought stress condition. Plant that only foliar sprayed with water showed higher level of TaCKX6-D1 expression as compared to Zn treated plants, indicating these plants were more affected by imposed drought relative to those plants treated with Zn. The results of this study provides evidence that a combination of Zn and 6-BAP could be an effective in improvement of drought tolerance of wheat and prevents grain yield from further reduction in terms of quality and quantity due to drought stress.
| S-EPMC9879624 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOncogenic viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes virus (KSHV) contribute to a significant proportion of the world's cancers. Given the sizeable burden of virus mediated cancers, development of strategies to prevent and/or treat these cancers is critical. While large population studies suggest that treatment with hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, may reduce the risk of many cancer types including HBV/HCV related hepatocellular carcinoma, few studies have specifically evaluated the impact of statin use in populations at risk for other types of virus mediated cancers.Main bodyStudies of populations with HBV and HCV suggest a protective, dose-dependent effect of statins on hepatocellular carcinoma risk and support the theory that statins may offer clinical benefit if used as chemoprophylactic agents to reduce liver cancer incidence. However, no population level data exists describing the impact of statins on populations with other oncogenic viral infections, such as HPV, EBV, and KSHV.ConclusionFurther study of statin use in diverse, global populations with or at high risk for oncogenic viral infections is essential to determine the impact of statin therapy on virus mediated cancer risk.
| S-EPMC9441070 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals, and Zn deficiency is a widespread problem for agricultural production. Although many studies have been performed on biofortification of staple crops with Zn, few studies have focused on forages. Here, the molecular mechanisms of Zn transport in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were investigated following foliar Zn applications. Zinc uptake and redistribution between shoot and root were determined following application of six Zn doses to leaves. Twelve putative genes encoding proteins involved in Zn transport (MsZIP1-7, MsZIF1, MsMTP1, MsYSL1, MsHMA4, and MsNAS1) were identified and changes in their expression following Zn application were quantified using newly designed RT-qPCR assays. These assays are the first designed specifically for alfalfa and resulted in being more efficient than the ones already available for Medicago truncatula (i.e., MtZIP1-7 and MtMTP1). Shoot and root Zn concentration was increased following foliar Zn applications ≥ 0.1 mg plant-1. Increased expression of MsZIP2, MsHMA4, and MsNAS1 in shoots, and of MsZIP2 and MsHMA4 in roots was observed with the largest Zn dose (10 mg Zn plant-1). By contrast, MsZIP3 was downregulated in shoots at Zn doses ≥ 0.1 mg plant-1. Three functional gene modules, involved in Zn uptake by cells, vacuolar Zn sequestration, and Zn redistribution within the plant, were identified. These results will inform genetic engineering strategies aimed at increasing the efficiency of crop Zn biofortification.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Recent research has focused on the roles of trace minerals such as zinc and copper. In 2017, oral zinc acetate was approved to treat zinc deficiency, and the next year, the Japanese Society for Clinical Nutrition developed the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment for zinc deficiency. Accordingly, hemodialysis patients began receiving zinc acetate when zinc deficiency was diagnosed. However, studies regarding the values of zinc and copper in hemodialysis patients are extremely poor, thus it remains unclear if the guidelines for healthy subjects can be applied to hemodialysis patients. METHODS:We conducted a descriptive study, in which 132 patients were subjected to simply examine serum zinc concentration and its association with copper levels in hemodialysis patients (N = 65) versus healthy individuals attending a routine check-up (control group; N = 67) in our hospital. Analyses were performed with BellCurve for Excel (Social Survey Research Information Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan). RESULTS:The distribution of zinc level in the hemodialysis group was distinct from that in the control group (P < 0.001). The zinc level was correlated with serum albumin concentration. Zinc concentration was also negatively correlated with serum copper level in both groups. In the hemodialysis group, the upper limit of zinc to avoid copper deficiency was 109.7 ?g/dL, and the safety upper limit was 78.3 ?g/dL. CONCLUSIONS:Hemodialysis patients exhibited a lower level of zinc concentration compared to normal healthy subjects. Since albumin binds to zinc as a carrier, low zinc levels could be attributed to lower level of serum albumin. Importantly, zinc and copper levels were inversely correlated, thus administration of oral zinc acetate could increase a risk for copper deficiency. It might be better to check both zinc and copper values monthly after prescribing zinc acetate.
| S-EPMC7071503 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Deficiency in zinc is widely prevalent in developing countries. Ferti-fortification is one of the easiest and quickest options for improving the zinc content in food. Consumption of such food can provide zinc in adequate amounts to the individual. Nanotechnology is now envisioned as the future of agriculture owing to the immense advantages of nanoparticles over bulk materials. In this work, the effect of zinc nanoparticles (Nps) synthesized via biological route using moringa leaves extract was studied on seed germination, its growth parameters, zinc content and nutrient use efficiency in amaranth crop. Moringa leaves are rich in plant metabolites such as amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars and fatty acids as confirmed by the UPLC-MS system analysis. The XRD studies show that the biosynthesized Nps were hexagonal crystals with an average size of 23.69 nm. The particle size as indicated by scanning electron microscopy was between 15 to 30 nm, and by DLS was 22.8 nm. Foliar application of 10 ppm biosynthesized zinc Nps, resulted in the highest plant height and fresh weight. Although, an increase in concentration of zinc applied through foliar route led to higher zinc content in the plant biomass, the nutrient use efficiency indices indicated that zinc Nps at 10 ppm concentration resulted in better nutrient recovery, improved yield and productivity with respect to the nutrient input. This reflects the advantage of biologically synthesized Nps over the bulk counterparts. These results show that the biologically synthesized Nps can be an attractive alternative to conventional fertilizers for nutrient biofortification and better crop yields. Zinc fortification; Amaranth; Nanotechnology; Green synthesis; Moringa leaf extract; Nutrient use efficiency.
| S-EPMC9562344 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Wheat is an important food crop worldwide, providing substantial calories and nourishment. Genetic variability in wheat germplasm is crucial for the development of cultivars with desirable features. This two years study (2020-21 and 2021-22) was conducted to evaluate 13 diverse wheat genotypes factorially combined with foliar-applied zinc sulphate (0, 0.4, 0.6%) arranged in a triplicate randomized complete block design. Boxplot analysis revealed the significant (P < 0.01) phenotypic variation of wheat germplasm for all the studied traits, but maximum variation was observed for yield and Zn biofortification-related traits. Correlation and path analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.01) association among yield and biofortification-related traits. Zinc uptake showed maximum strength of association (r = 0.96, p < 0.01) with grain Zn concentration. The Biplot analysis showed the graphical representation of wheat accessions based on similar characteristics and then assort into distinct groups. Broadsense heritability (Hbs) was calculated to determine the proportion of variation transmitted to future generations. The high value of Hbs for yield and Zn biofortification-related traits indicates that these traits are governed by the additive type of gene action and can be fixed in early segregating generations. In crux, this study validated the genetic variability in existing wheat genotypes for yield and Zn biofortification-related traits and may be helpful to devise an efficient breeding program for wheat Zn biofortification.
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Project description:We aim to assess the level of family burden of schizophrenia patients and identify its predicting factors in a rural community sample of China. A sample of 327 primary caregivers was recruited through a one-stage cluster sampling in Ningxiang County of Hunan province, China. Family burden was assessed using the Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS) of Pai and Kapur. Our results showed that the mean score of FBIS was 23.62±9.76 (range, 0-48), with over half (52%) caregivers reported their family burden being moderate and severe. Among the six domains of family burden, financial burden (76%) was the commonest burden, while disruption of family interactions (37%) was the least mentioned. A multivariate analysis of family burden revealed that patient being admitted for over 3 times, caregiver being female, having a middle school education, and with additional dependents, as well as higher care network function were positive predictors of family burden, while higher patient function and family function, and increasing patient age were negative predictors of family burden. Intervention to decrease family burden may be best served by improving family function and exploring alternative care model instead of hospitalization.
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