Melatonin Improves Cotton Salt Tolerance by Regulating ROS Scavenging System and Ca2 + Signal Transduction.
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SUBMITTER: Zhang Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8273866 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundSalt stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses in production of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Upland cotton is defined as a medium salt-tolerant crop. Salinity hinders root development, shoots growth, and reduces the fiber quality.ResultsOur previous study verified a GhCIPK6a gene response to salt stress in G. hirsutum. The homologs of GhCIPK6a were analyzed in A2 (G. arboreum), D5 (G. raimondii), and AD1 (G. hirsutum) genomes. GhCIPK6a localized to the vacuole and cell membrane. The GhCBL1-GhCIPK6a and GhCBL8-GhCIPK6a complexes localized to the nucleus and cytomembrane. Overexpression of GhCIPK6a enhanced expression levels of co-expressed genes induced by salt stress, which scavenged ROS and involved in MAPK signaling pathways verified by RNA-seq analysis. Water absorption capacity and cell membrane stability of seeds from GhCIPK6a overexpressed lines was higher than that of wild-type seeds during imbibed germination stage. The seed germination rates and seedling field emergence percentages of GhCIPK6a overexpressed lines were higher than that of control line under salt stress. Moreover, overexpressing of GhCIPK6a in cotton increased lint percentage, and fiber length uniformity under salt stress.ConclusionsWe verified the function of GhCIPK6a by transformation and RNA-seq analysis. GhCIPK6a overexpressed lines exhibited higher tolerance to abiotic stresses, which functioned by involving in ROS scavenging and MAPK pathways. Therefore, GhCIPK6a has the potential for cotton breeding to improve stress-tolerance.
| S-EPMC7488661 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) is the activating kinase for multiple downstream kinases, including CaM-kinase I (CaMKI), CaM-kinase IV (CaMKIV), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and 5'AMP-kinase (AMPK), through the phosphorylation of their activation-loop Thr residues in response to increasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, as CaMKK itself is a Ca2+/CaM-dependent enzyme. The CaMKK-mediated kinase cascade plays important roles in a number of Ca2+-dependent pathways, such as neuronal morphogenesis and plasticity, transcriptional activation, autophagy, and metabolic regulation, as well as in pathophysiological pathways, including cancer progression, metabolic syndrome, and mental disorders. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism underlying CaMKK-mediated signal transduction in normal and pathophysiological conditions. We summarize the current knowledge of the structural, functional, and physiological properties of the regulatory kinase, CaMKK, and the development and application of its pharmacological inhibitors.
| S-EPMC9570080 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bioreactors are increasingly implemented for large scale cultures of various mammalian cells, which requires optimization of culture conditions. Such upscaling is also required to produce red blood cells (RBC) for transfusion and therapy purposes. However, the physiological suitability of RBC cultures to be transferred to stirred bioreactors is not well understood. PIEZO1 is the most abundantly expressed known mechanosensor on erythroid cells. It is a cation channel that translates mechanical forces directly into a physiological response. We investigated signaling cascades downstream of PIEZO1 activated upon transitioning stationary cultures to orbital shaking associated with mechanical stress, and compared the results to direct activation of PIEZO1 by the chemical agonist Yoda1. Erythroblasts subjected to orbital shaking displayed decreased proliferation, comparable to incubation in the presence of a low dose of Yoda1. Epo (Erythropoietin)-dependent STAT5 phosphorylation, and Calcineurin-dependent NFAT dephosphorylation was enhanced. Phosphorylation of ERK was also induced by both orbital shaking and Yoda1 treatment. Activation of these pathways was inhibited by intracellular Ca2+ chelation (BAPTA-AM) in the orbital shaker. Our results suggest that PIEZO1 is functional and could be activated by the mechanical forces in a bioreactor setup, and results in the induction of Ca2+-dependent signaling cascades regulating various aspects of erythropoiesis. With this study, we showed that Yoda1 treatment and mechanical stress induced via orbital shaking results in comparable activation of some Ca2+-dependent pathways, exhibiting that there are direct physiological outcomes of mechanical stress on erythroblasts.
| S-EPMC7835781 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The CCCH zinc-finger protein contains a typical C3H-type motif widely existing in plants, and it plays an important role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, a CCCH zinc-finger gene, GhC3H20, was isolated and thoroughly characterized to regulate salt stress in cotton and Arabidopsis. The expression of GhC3H20 was up-regulated under salt, drought, and ABA treatments. GUS activity was detected in the root, stem, leaves, and flowers of ProGhC3H20::GUS transgenic Arabidopsis. Compared with the control, the GUS activity of ProGhC3H20::GUS transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings under NaCl treatment was stronger. Through the genetic transformation of Arabidopsis, three transgenic lines of 35S-GhC3H20 were obtained. Under NaCl and mannitol treatments, the roots of the transgenic lines were significantly longer than those of the wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis. The leaves of the WT turned yellow and wilted under high-concentration salt treatment at the seedling stage, while the leaves of the transgenic Arabidopsis lines did not. Further investigation showed that compared with the WT, the content of catalase (CAT) in the leaves of the transgenic lines was significantly higher. Therefore, compared with the WT, overexpression of GhC3H20 enhanced the salt stress tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. A virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiment showed that compared with the control, the leaves of pYL156-GhC3H20 plants were wilted and dehydrated. The content of chlorophyll in pYL156-GhC3H20 leaves was significantly lower than those of the control. Therefore, silencing of GhC3H20 reduced salt stress tolerance in cotton. Two interacting proteins (GhPP2CA and GhHAB1) of GhC3H20 have been identified through a yeast two-hybrid assay. The expression levels of PP2CA and HAB1 in transgenic Arabidopsis were higher than those in the WT, and pYL156-GhC3H20 had expression levels lower than those in the control. GhPP2CA and GhHAB1 are the key genes involved in the ABA signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that GhC3H20 may interact with GhPP2CA and GhHAB1 to participate in the ABA signaling pathway to enhance salt stress tolerance in cotton.
| S-EPMC10002529 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSalinity is a worldwide factor limiting the agricultural production. Cotton is an important cash crop; however, its yield and product quality are negatively affected by soil salinity. Use of nanomaterials such as cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) to improve plant tolerance to stress conditions, e.g. salinity, is an emerged approach in agricultural production. Nevertheless, to date, our knowledge about the role of nanoceria in cotton salt response and the behind mechanisms is still rare.ResultsWe found that PNC (poly acrylic acid coated nanoceria) helped to improve cotton tolerance to salinity, showing better phenotypic performance, higher chlorophyll content (up to 68% increase) and biomass (up to 38% increase), and better photosynthetic performance such as carbon assimilation rate (up to 144% increase) in PNC treated cotton plants than the NNP (non-nanoparticle control) group. Under salinity stress, in consistent to the results of the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, PNC treated cotton plants showed significant lower MDA (malondialdehyde, up to 44% decrease) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, up to 79% decrease) than the NNP control group, both in the first and second true leaves. Further experiments showed that under salinity stress, PNC treated cotton plants had significant higher cytosolic K+ (up to 84% increase) and lower cytosolic Na+ (up to 77% decrease) fluorescent intensity in both the first and second true leaves than the NNP control group. This is further confirmed by the leaf ion content analysis, showed that PNC treated cotton plants maintained significant higher leaf K+ (up to 84% increase) and lower leaf Na+ content (up to 63% decrease), and thus the higher K+/Na+ ratio than the NNP control plants under salinity stress. Whereas no significant increase of mesophyll cell vacuolar Na+ intensity was observed in PNC treated plants than the NNP control under salinity stress, suggesting that the enhanced leaf K+ retention and leaf Na+ exclusion, but not leaf vacuolar Na+ sequestration are the main mechanisms behind PNC improved cotton salt tolerance. qPCR results showed that under salinity stress, the modulation of HKT1 but not SOS1 refers more to the PNC improved cotton leaf Na+ exclusion than the NNP control.ConclusionsPNC enhanced leaf K+ retention and Na+ exclusion, but not vacuolar Na+ sequestration to enable better maintained cytosolic K+/Na+ homeostasis and thus to improve cotton salt tolerance. Our results add more knowledge for better understanding the complexity of plant-nanoceria interaction in terms of nano-enabled plant stress tolerance.
| S-EPMC8146236 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, in order to investigate the role of Ca2+ in GABA signal transduction involved in phenolics accumulation in barley seedlings under NaCl stress, the seedlings were treated with exogenous GABA and its synthesis inhibitor, 3-mercaplopropionic acid (3-MP), as well as Ca2+ channel blockers La3+, Ca2+ chelator EGTA, and Ca2+ release channel inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). The results showed that GABA significantly enhanced phenolics, calcium and calmodulin content. It also induced Ca2+ influx in barley root tips cells, and altered the distribution of Ca2+, making calcium precipitates more uniform and intensive. While, 3-MP treatment led to opposite changes, which suggested that GABA was essential for calcium content increase. In addition, accumulation of phenolics was inhibited by LaCl3, EGTA and 2-APB treatments, and this inhibition could be alleviated partly by exogenous GABA. Taken together, Ca2+ was involved in GABA signal transduction for phenolics accumulation in barley seedlings under NaCl stress.
| S-EPMC6694854 | biostudies-literature
Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical components of the multidimensional regulatory networks in eukaryotic systems. Given their diverse spectrum of function, it is apparent that the transcription, processing, and activity of the miRNAs themselves, is very dynamically regulated. One of the most important and universally implicated signaling molecules is [Ca2+]cyt. It is known to regulate a plethora of developmental and metabolic processes in both plants and animals; however, its impact on the regulation of miRNA expression is relatively less explored. The current study employed a combination of internal and external calcium channel inhibitors to establishing that [Ca2+]cyt signatures actively regulate miRNA expression in rice. Involvement of [Ca2+]cyt in the regulation of miRNA expression was further confirmed by treatment with calcimycin, the calcium ionophore. Modulation of the cytosolic calcium levels was also found to regulate the drought-responsive expression as well as ABA-mediated response of miRNA genes in rice seedlings. The study further establishes the role of calmodulins and Calmodulin-binding Transcription Activators (CAMTAs) as important components of the signal transduction schema that regulates miRNA expression. Yeast one-hybrid assay established that OsCAMTA4 & 6 are involved in the transcriptional regulation of miR156a and miR167h. Thus, the study was able to establish that [Ca2+]cyt is actively involved in regulating the expression of miRNA genes both under control and stress conditions.
| S-EPMC8558223 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Drought and high salinity are two major abiotic stresses that significantly affect agricultural crop productivity worldwide. Annexins are a multigene family that plays an essential role in plant stress responses and various cellular processes. Here, the AnnSp2 gene was cloned from drought-resistant wild tomato (Solanum pennellii) and functionally characterized in cultivated tomato. AnnSp2 protein was localized in the nucleus and had higher expression in leave, flower and fruit. It was induced by several phytohormones and some abiotic stresses. Tomato plants overexpressing AnnSp2 had increased tolerance to drought and salt stress, as determined by analysis of various physiological parameters. AnnSp2-transgenic plants were less sensitive to ABA during the seed germination and seedling stages. However, under drought stress, the ABA content significantly increased in the AnnSp2-overexpressing plants, inducing stomatal closure and reducing water loss, which underlay the plants' enhanced stress tolerance. Furthermore, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), higher total chlorophyll content, lower lipid peroxidation levels, increased peroxidase activities (including APX, CAT and SOD) and higher levels of proline were observed in AnnSp2-overexpressing plants. These results indicate that overexpression of AnnSp2 in transgenic tomato improves salt and drought tolerance through ABA synthesis and the elimination of ROS.
| S-EPMC5608957 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mining the key genes involved in the balance of rice salt tolerance is extremely important for developing salt-tolerant rice varieties. A library of japonica mutants was screened under salinity conditions to identify putative salt stress-responsive genes. We identified a highly salt-sensitive mutant ss3 and used a map-based cloning approach to isolate the gene SS3, which encodes mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase. Under salt treatment, ss3 mutants have decreased ascorbic acid (AsA) content and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels compared with the wild type (WT). Exogenous AsA restored the salt tolerance of ss3 plants, indicating that inhibition of AsA synthesis was an important factor in the salt sensitivity of the mutant. Functional complementation using the WT allele rescued the mutation, and transcription of SS3 was induced by salt stress. Vector SS3p:SS3 was constructed containing the 1086 bp coding sequence of SS3. Under salinity conditions, transgenic seedlings expressing SS3p:SS3 had improved salt tolerance relative to WT, as demonstrated by better growth status, higher chlorophyll content, a lower level of Na+, and a reduced Na+/K+ ratio. Further investigation revealed that several senescence- and autophagy-related genes were expressed at lower levels in salt-stressed transgenic lines compared to WT. These results demonstrate the positive impact of SS3 on salt tolerance in rice through the regulation of AsA synthesis and ROS accumulation, and indicate that SS3 is a valuable target for genetic manipulation.
| S-EPMC9499165 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As a second messenger, Ca(2+) plays a major role in cold induced transduction via stimulus-specific increases in [Ca(2+)]cyt, which is called calcium signature. During this process, CAXs (Ca(2+)/H(+) exchangers) play critical role. For the first time, a putative Ca(2+)/H(+) exchanger GhCAX3 gene from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. 'YZ-1') was isolated and characterized. It was highly expressed in all tissues of cotton except roots and fibers. This gene may act as a regulator in cotton's response to abiotic stresses as it could be up-regulated by Ca(2+), NaCl, ABA and cold stress. Similar to other CAXs, it was proved that GhCAX3 also had Ca(2+) transport activity and the N-terminal regulatory region (NRR) through yeast complementation assay. Over-expression of GhCAX3 in tobacco showed less sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and seedling stages, and the phenotypic difference between wild type (WT) and transgenic plants was more significant when the NRR was truncated. Furthermore, GhCAX3 conferred cold tolerance in yeast as well as in tobacco seedlings based on physiological and molecular studies. However, transgenic plant seeds showed more sensitivity to cold stress compared to WT during seed germination, especially when expressed in N-terminal truncated version. Finally, the extent of sensitivity in transgenic lines was more severe than that in WT line under sodium tungstate treatment (an ABA repressor), indicating that ABA could alleviate cold sensitivity of GhCAX3 seeds, especially in short of its NRR. Meanwhile, we also found that overexpression of GhCAX3 could enhance some cold and ABA responsive marker genes. Taken together, these results suggested that GhCAX3 plays important roles in the cross-talk of ABA and cold signal transduction, and compared to full-length of GhCAX3, the absence of NRR could enhance the tolerance or sensitivity to cold stress, depending on seedling's developmental stages.
| S-EPMC3679082 | biostudies-literature