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Could biochar amendment be a tool to improve soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus? A meta-analysis of published experiments.

ABSTRACT: As one of the most important nutrients for plant growth, phosphorus was often poorly available in soil. While biochar addition induced improvement of soil structure, nutrient and water retention as well as microbial activity had been well known, and the effect of biochar soil amendment (BSA) on soil phosphorus availability and plant P uptake had been not yet quantitatively assessed. In a review study, data were retrieved from 354 peer-reviewed research articles on soil available P content and P uptake under BSA published by February 2019. Then a database was established of 516 data pairs from 86 studies with and without BSA in agricultural soils. Subsequently, the effect size of biochar application was quantified relative to no application and assessed in terms of biochar conditions, soil conditions, as well as experiment conditions. In grand mean, there was a significant and great effect of BSA on soil available P and plant P uptake by 65% and 55%, respectively. The effects were generally significant under manure biochar, biochar pyrolyzed under 300 °C, soil pH <5 and fine-textured soil, and soils that are very low in available P. Being significantly correlated to soil P availability (R²=0.29), plant P uptake was mostly enhanced with vegetable crops of high biomass yield. Overall, biochar amendment at a dosage up to 10 t ha^-1 could be a tool to enhance soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus, particularly in acid, heavy textured P-poor soils.

SUBMITTER: Tesfaye F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8275515 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Plant-derived carbon (C) is considered fundamental to understand the interaction between rhizosphere microbes and plants in terrestrial ecosystems. Biochar soil amendment may enhance plant performance via changing soil properties or microbial diversity in the rhizosphere. However, our knowledge of how plant-microbiome associations respond to biochar amendment remains rather limited. Herein, 13CO2 steady-state labeling combined with DNA stable-isotope probing was used to characterize soil bacterial communities in the rhizosphere contributing to the utilization of plant-derived C. The diversity of bacteria active in the utilization of root exudates was determined after biochar amendment in a legume-based intercropping system (Vicia faba L., with Zea mays L.). The results showed the biochar application not only changed the bacterial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere, but also altered bacterial members actively assimilating plant-derived C. There were more labeled species in the biochar-amended soils than the control soils. Compared with the control, the biochar amendment increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes members (i.e., Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporomusa, Desulfosporosinus, and Alicyclobacillus) while decreasing the abundances of Proteobacteria members (e.g., Methylobacterium and Sphingomonas) utilizing plant-derived C. In contrast, slow-growing species of the phyla Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Gemmatimonadetes were barely labeled. The bacteria found stimulated by the biochar amendment are known for their ability to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, or reduce iron and sulfur, which may potentially contribute to the "biochar effect" in the rhizosphere. This study is the first to provide empirical evidence that biochar amendment can alter the soil bacterial community assimilating plant-derived C; this may have consequences for nutrient cycling and improving plant performance in intercropping systems.

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Could biochar amendment be a tool to improve soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus? A meta-analysis of published experiments.

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