Spatiotemporal characteristics of postsaccadic dynamic overshoot in young and elderly subjects.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Li M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8283153 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundAsthma is a heterogeneous disease of a complex etiology in which genetic, environmental and personality variables are important factors determining the development of complicated strategies related to coping with stress and temperament traits. Our thesis is that coping styles in asthmatic patients are modified by the environment (chronic inflammation and stress) which affects individual temperament traits in the course of time. Thus, patient age is one of factors which determine the clinical image of asthma and its natural history.AimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the variables describing stress coping styles and temperament in young (18 to 35 years old) and elderly asthmatics (aged ≥60 years).Material and methodsA total of 200 patients, 104 elderly and 96 young asthmatics were enrolled in the study. Apart from medical examination, the following tests were performed in all subjects: the Formal Characteristics of Behavior- Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale.ResultsElderly patients with asthma exhibited higher intensity of anxiety as a trait, a higher level of depression and experienced dyspnea, as well as higher levels of stress coping strategies such as Avoidance-Oriented Coping (AOC), Distraction Seeking (DS) and Social Diversion (SD) compared to young asthmatics. In elderly patients, Perseverance and Sensory Sensitivity traits have been observed to decline with the duration and development of asthma at later life stages as opposed to young asthmatics, in whom these temperament characteristics are elevated.ConclusionsAsthma is a heterogeneous disease of a complex etiopathogenesis that has a complex interplay with mental health. The present study confirms a relationship between age and stress coping strategies as well as temperament traits.
| S-EPMC7647458 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We aimed to analyse the mechanical properties of skinned single muscle fibres derived from the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle in relation to those of the whole intact thigh muscle and to compare any difference between young and older adults. Sixteen young men (29.25 ± 4.65 years), 11 older men (71.45 ± 2.94 years), 11 young women (29.64 ± 4.88 years), and 7 older women (67.29 ± 1.70 years) were recruited. In vivo analyses were performed for mechanical properties such as isokinetic performance, isometric torque, and power. Specific force and maximum shortening velocity (Vo) were measured with single muscle fibres. Sex difference showed greater impact on the functional properties of both the whole muscle (p < 0.01) and single muscle fibres than aging (p < 0.05). Sex difference, rather than aging, yielded more remarkable differences in gross mechanical properties in the single muscle fibre study in which significant differences between young men and young women were found only in the cross-sectional area and Vo (p < 0.05). Age and sex differences reflect the mechanical properties of both single muscle fibres and whole thigh muscle, with the whole muscle yielding more prominent functional properties.
| S-EPMC5192307 | biostudies-literature
Project description:China's temperate glaciers have a relatively warm and humid climate and hydrothermal conditions at low latitudes. Temperate glaciers, however, have larger ablation, higher ice temperatures, relatively fast movement speeds, and a significant sliding process at the bottom. As a result, these glaciers are more significantly affected by climate change. On the basis of topographic maps, aerial photography, and Landsat OLI images, and combined with existing research results, this paper systematically analyzed the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers. The results are as follows: (1) From the 1950s to the 1970s, compared with other types of glaciers, temperate glaciers showed strong retreat and ablation trends in terms of area, length, speed, and mass balance. (2) The reduction rates of glacier areas of Kangri Garpo, Dagu Snow Mountain, Yulong Snow Mountain (YSM), and Meili Snow Mountain (MSM) in China's temperate glacier areas all exceeded 38%, which was far above the national average of 18% from the 1950s to the 2010s. (3) The recent length retreat rates of Azha Glacier, Kangri Garpo, and Mingyong Glacier, MSM, Hailuogou Glacier (HG), Gongga Snow Mountain (GSM), and Baishui River Glacier No. 1 (BRGN1), YSM were above 22 m/a, which was faster than the retreat rates of other regions. (4) Consistent with glacier retreat, temperate glaciers also had a faster ice flow speed. The ice flow velocities of the BGN1, HG, Parlung River Glaciers No. 4 and 94, and Nyainqêntanglha were, respectively, 6.33-30.78 m/a, 41-205 m/a, 15.1-86.3 m/a, and 7.5-18.4 m/a, which was much faster than the velocity of other types of glaciers. (5) Mass loss of temperate glaciers was most dramatic during the observation period (1959-2015). The annual mass balance from eight typical temperate glaciers fluctuated between - 2.48 and 0.44 m w.e., and the annual average change rate of mass balance (- 0.037 m w.e./a) was much higher than that in China (- 0.015 m w.e./a, p < 0.0001) and globally (- 0.013 m w.e./a, p < 0.0001).
| S-EPMC7804466 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSciatica is a common symptom for many people with degenerative lumbar spine diseases. It is by far the most common symptom of disc herniation. However, disc herniation is not the only cause of sciatica. Other degenerative lumbar spine diseases can provoke Sciatica. To date, few studies have analysed the cause of sciatica in particularly in elderly patients.Material and methodsWe analysed retrospectively records of patients aged between 35 and 55 (first group) and between 65 and 85 (second group) visited in our departments for sciatica between December 2009 and November 2018.ResultsIn elderly patients, disc herniation from upper levels (L2-L3 and L3-L4) is more common than younger people. Sciatica as a result of exclusive disc herniation reduces with age. Foramen stenosis produces sciatica in elderly patients more than twice as high in younger patients. Statistically, more patients needed to surgery in elderly patients in comparison with younger population.ConclusionSciatica in elderly patients takes a different clinical aspect in comparison with younger population. The clinical picture associates pain less severe but more persistent, more resistant to treatment. It is caused in less than 50% by disc herniation.
| S-EPMC7452267 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeTurning while walking has a frequent occurrence in daily life. Evaluation of its dynamic stability will facilitate fall prevention and rehabilitation scheme. This knowledge is so limited that we set it as the first aim of this study. Another aim was to investigate spatiotemporal parameters during turning.MethodsFifteen healthy young adults were instructed to perform straight walking, 45° step turn to the left and 45° spin turn to the right at natural speed. Dynamic stability was measured by margin of stability (MoS) in anterior, posterior, left and right direction at each data point where significant differences were detected using 95% bootstrap confidence band. Common spatiotemporal parameters were computed in each condition subdivided into approach, turn and depart phases.ResultsResults showed that minimum anterior MoS appeared at middle of swing while minimum lateral MoS at contralateral heel strike in all conditions. Posterior MoS decreased before middle of turn phase in spin whereas after middle of turn phase in step. Lateral MoS and stride width declined in turn phase of spin while in depart of step. Spin had a long step and stride length. Long swing phases were observed in turns.ConclusionsThese data help explain that people are most likely to fall forward at middle of swing and to fall toward the back and the support side at heel strike. Our findings demonstrate that instability mainly exist in turn phase of spin and depart phase of step turn.
| S-EPMC6151057 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Age-associated accumulation of somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been proposed to be responsible for the age-associated mitochondrial respiration defects found in elderly human subjects. In contrasts, our previous studies proposed that the age-associated respiration defects found in human fibroblasts are caused not by mtDNA mutations. To addressed these controversial issues, we carried out microarray analysis of two young (TIG3S and TIG121) and two elderly (TIG107 and TIG102) fibroblasts.
2015-03-18 | GSE67000 | GEO
Project description:Introduction: Falling is one of the primary concerns for people with Parkinson's Disease and occurs predominately during dynamic movements, such as walking. Several methods have been proposed to quantify dynamic balance and to assess fall risk. However, no consensus has been reached concerning which method is most appropriate for examining walking balance during unperturbed and perturbed conditions, particularly in Parkinson's Disease individuals. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to assess the current literature on quantifying dynamic balance in healthy young, elderly and Parkinson's individuals during unperturbed and perturbed walking. Methods: The PubMed database was searched by title and abstract for publications quantifying dynamic balance during unperturbed and mechanically perturbed walking conditions in elderly adults and PD. Inclusion criteria required publications to be published in English, be available in full-text, and implement a dynamic balance quantification method. Exclusion criteria included clinical dynamic balance measures, non-mechanical perturbations, pathologies other than PD, and dual-tasking conditions. The initial database search yielded 280 articles, however, only 81 articles were included after title, abstract and full-text screening. Methodological quality and data were extracted from publications included in the final synthesis. Results: The dynamic balance articles included 26 Coefficient of Variation of Spatiotemporal Variability, 10 Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, 20 Lyapunov Exponent, 7 Maximum Floquet Multipliers, 17 Extrapolated Center of Mass, 11 Harmonic Ratios, 4 Center of Mass-Center of Pressure Separation, 2 Gait Stability Ratio, 1 Entropy, 3 Spatiotemporal Variables, 2 Center of Gravity and Center of Pressure, and 2 Root Mean Square in the final synthesis. Assessment of methodological quality determined that 58 articles had a low methodological rating, a 22 moderate rating, and 1 having a high rating. Conclusion: Careful consideration must be given when selecting a method to quantify dynamic balance because each method defines balance differently, reflects a unique aspect of neuromuscular stability mechanisms, and is dependent on the walking condition (unperturbed vs. perturbed). Therefore, each method provides distinct information into stability impairment in elderly and PD individuals.
| S-EPMC6262057 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDotinurad is a novel selective urate reabsorption inhibitor (SURI) that selectively inhibits the reabsorption of uric acid in renal tubules and promotes the excretion of uric acid into urine. In this study, the effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of dotinurad were evaluated in healthy subjects.MethodsAn open-label study of a single oral administration of dotinurad 1 mg was conducted in elderly (≥ 65 years) Japanese males and females, and young (20-35 years) males and females (six patients each).ResultsFollowing a single-dose administration of dotinurad, the change in dotinurad plasma concentration showed a similar profile across groups. Regarding the PK parameters, there was no significant difference between elderly and young subjects. On comparing males and females, significant differences were observed in some parameters in elderly subjects. However, these differences in some parameters could not be detected by adjust for body weight. When PD parameters in elderly and young subjects were compared, significant differences were observed in some parameters in male subjects. On comparing males and females, significant differences were observed in some parameters in young subjects; however, the percent change in serum uric acid concentration decreased over time was relatively close for both groups. There were no clinically relevant safety problems.ConclusionAge and gender had no clinically meaningful effect on the PK, PD, and safety of dotinurad.Clinical trialsClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02344875.
| S-EPMC7066278 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:This study aimed to evaluate the age- and sex-related characteristics in cortical thickness of the tibial diaphysis between non-obese healthy young and elderly subjects as reference data. METHODS:The study investigated 31 young subjects (12 men and 19 women; mean age, 25?±?8?years) and 54 elderly subjects (29 men and 25 women; mean age, 70?±?6?years). Three-dimensional estimated cortical thickness of the tibial diaphysis was automatically calculated for 5000-9000 measurement points using the high-resolution cortical thickness measurement from clinical computed tomography data. In 12 assessment regions created by combining three heights (proximal, central, and distal diaphysis) and four areas of the axial plane at 90° (medial, anterior, lateral, and posterior areas) in the tibial coordinate system, the standardized thickness was assessed using the tibial length. RESULTS:As structural characteristics, there were no differences in the medial and lateral thicknesses, while the anterior thickness was greater than the posterior thickness in all groups. The sex-related difference was not shown. As an age-related difference, elderly subjects showed greater or lesser cortical thickness than the young subjects, depending on the regions of the tibia. CONCLUSIONS:Cortical thickness was different depending on sex, age, and regions in the tibia. The results of this study are of clinical relevance as reference points to clarify the causes of various pathological conditions for diseases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Level 3.
| S-EPMC7538524 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeVision loss due to retinitis pigmentosa affects an estimated 15 million people worldwide. Through collaboration between Second Sight Medical Products, Inc., and the Doheny Eye Institute, six blind human subjects underwent implantation with epiretinal 4 x 4 electrode arrays designed to directly stimulate the remaining cells of the retina, with the goal of restoring functional vision by applying spatiotemporal patterns of stimulation. To better understand spatiotemporal interactions between electrodes during synchronous and asynchronous stimulation, the authors investigated how percepts changed as a function of pulse timing across the electrodes.MethodsPulse trains (20, 40, 80, and 160 Hz) were presented on groups of electrodes with 800, 1600, or 2400 microm center-to-center separation. Stimulation was either synchronous (pulses were presented simultaneously across electrodes) or asynchronous (pulses were phase shifted). Using a same-different discrimination task, the authors were able to evaluate how the perceptual quality of the stimuli changed as a function of phase shifts across multiple electrodes.ResultsEven after controlling for electric field interactions, subjects could discriminate between spatiotemporal pulse train patterns based on differences of phase across electrodes as small as 3 ms. These findings suggest that the quality of the percept is affected not only by electric field interactions but also by spatiotemporal interactions at the neural level.ConclusionsDuring multielectrode stimulation, interactions between electrodes have a significant influence on the quality of the percept. Understanding how these spatiotemporal interactions at the neural level influence percepts during multielectrode stimulation is fundamental to the successful design of a retinal prosthesis.
| S-EPMC2868442 | biostudies-literature