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Validation of the Writing Strategies Questionnaire in the Context of Primary Education: A Multidimensional Measurement Model.

ABSTRACT: Research has shown that writers seem to follow different writing strategies to juggle the high cognitive demands of writing. The use of writing strategies seems to be an important cognitive writing-related variable which has an influence on students' writing behavior during writing and, therefore, on the quality of their compositions. Several studies have tried to assess students' writing preferences toward the use of different writing strategies in University or high-school students, while research in primary education is practically non-existent. The present study, therefore, focused on the validation of the Spanish Writing Strategies Questionnaire (WSQ-SP), aimed to measure upper-primary students' preference for the use of different writing strategies, through a multidimensional model. The sample comprised 651 Spanish upper-primary students. Questionnaire data was explored by means of exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis. Through exploratory factor analysis four factors were identified, labeled thinking, planning, revising, and monitoring, which represent different writing strategies. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the adequacy of the four-factor model, with a sustainable model composed of the four factors originally identified. Based on the analysis, the final questionnaire was composed of 16 items. According to the results, the Spanish version of the Writing Strategies Questionnaire (WSQ-SP) for upper-primary students has been shown to be a valid and reliable instrument, which can be easily applied in the educational context to explore upper-primary students' writing strategies.

SUBMITTER: Arias-Gundin O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8287024 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the content validity including item reduction, construct validity and internal consistency of the existing 16-item Knee Osteoarthritis Patient Education Questionnaire. Former research had indicated that a reduction of items was necessary. Participants were patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who, prior to undergoing a knee replacement operation, participated routinely in a preoperative educational intervention.MethodsA mixed method design was used. The first step was directed at the reduction in the number of items on the 16-item Knee Osteoarthritis Patient Education Questionnaire. Based on a priori hypotheses, this was followed by a cross-sectional validation study, performed to compare the resulting 7-item Knee Replacement Patient Education Questionnaire to a patient-testing Interview Protocol that was tailored to the same patient educational material. Additionally, the revised questionnaire was correlated with both the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy and the Mini-Mental State Examination score.ResultsA relatively high internal consistency was found for the 7-item Knee Replacement Patient Education Questionnaire, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.84 (SE: 0.036). Explanatory factor analysis showed no evidence against a one-factor model, with the first and second eigenvalues being 3.8 and 0.31, respectively. Bayesian Estimation of the correlation between the 7-item Knee Replacement Patient Education Questionnaire and the Interview Protocol was 0.78 (mode) (95% HPD 0.58-0.89).ConclusionsThe 7-item Knee Replacement Patient Education Questionnaire shows good psychometric properties and could provide valuable support to health professionals. It can provide valid feedback on how patients waiting for a knee replacement operation experience an applied patient education intervention. Further investigation is needed to assess the applicability of the 7-item Knee Replacement Patient Education Questionnaire to larger samples in different hospitals and countries.

Project description:BackgroundThe Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) is a self-report questionnaire that has been developed in primary care to distinguish non-specific general distress from depression, anxiety and somatization. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate its criterion and construct validity.MethodsData from 10 different primary care studies have been used. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the 4DSQ scores with clinical diagnoses, the GPs' diagnosis of any psychosocial problem for Distress, standardised psychiatric diagnoses for Depression and Anxiety, and GPs' suspicion of somatization for Somatization. ROC analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations. Construct validity was evaluated by investigating the inter-correlations between the scales, the factorial structure, the associations with other symptom questionnaires, and the associations with stress, personality and social functioning. The factorial structure of the 4DSQ was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The associations with other questionnaires were assessed with Pearson correlations and regression analyses.ResultsRegarding criterion validity, the Distress scale was associated with any psychosocial diagnosis (area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.79), the Depression scale was associated with major depression (AUC = 0.83), the Anxiety scale was associated with anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.66), and the Somatization scale was associated with the GPs' suspicion of somatization (AUC = 0.65). Regarding the construct validity, the 4DSQ scales appeared to have considerable inter-correlations (r = 0.35-0.71). However, 30-40% of the variance of each scale was unique for that scale. CFA confirmed the 4-factor structure with a comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.92. The 4DSQ scales correlated with most other questionnaires measuring corresponding constructs. However, the 4DSQ Distress scale appeared to correlate with some other depression scales more than the 4DSQ Depression scale. Measures of stress (i.e. life events, psychosocial problems, and work stress) were mainly associated with Distress, while Distress, in turn, was mainly associated with psychosocial dysfunctioning, including sick leave.ConclusionThe 4DSQ seems to be a valid self-report questionnaire to measure distress, depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care patients. The 4DSQ Distress scale appears to measure the most general, most common, expression of psychological problems.

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Validation of the Writing Strategies Questionnaire in the Context of Primary Education: A Multidimensional Measurement Model.

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