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Effect of Rotator Cuff Deficiencies on Muscle Forces and Glenohumeral Contact Force After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Using Musculoskeletal Multibody Dynamics Simulation.

ABSTRACT: Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA) is widely used to treat the diseases of the glenohumeral (GH) joint. However, the incidence of rotator cuff tears after ATSA increases during follow-up. The effects of rotator cuff deficiencies after ATSA on the biomechanics of the GH joint are to be investigated. In this study, a musculoskeletal multibody dynamics model of ATSA was established using a force-dependent kinematics (FDK) method. The biomechanical effects were predicted during arm abduction under different rotator cuff deficiencies. The deltoid forces were increased under the rotator cuff deficiencies, the maximum deltoid forces were increased by 36% under the subscapularis deficiency and by 53% under the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor deficiencies. The maximum GH contact forces were decreased by 11.3% under supraspinatus and infraspinatus deficiencies but increased by 24.8% under subscapularis deficiency. The maximum subscapularis force was decreased by 17% under only infraspinatus tear during arm abduction. The results suggested that the changes in the biomechanics of the GH joint induced by rotator cuff deficiencies after ATSA increase the deltoid muscle energy expenditure and joint instability, which result in postoperative less satisfactory clinical outcomes. The changes in rotator cuff muscle forces deserve more attention for understanding the evolution of rotator cuff tear after ATSA.

SUBMITTER: Chen Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8287529 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundHumeral rotation often remains compromised after nonlateralized reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Reduced rotational moment arms and muscle slackening have been identified as possible reasons for this impairment. Although several clinical studies suggest lateralized RSA may increase rotation, it is unclear whether this is attributable to preservation of rotational moment arms and muscle pretension of the remaining rotator cuff.Questions/purposesThe lateralized RSA was analyzed to determine whether (1) the rotational moment arms and (2) the origin-to-insertion distances of the teres minor and subscapularis can be preserved, and (3) their flexion and abduction moment arms are decreased.MethodsLateralized RSA using an 8-mm resin block under the glenosphere was performed on seven cadaveric shoulder specimens. Preimplantation and postimplantation CT scans were obtained to create three-dimensional shoulder surface models. Using these models, function-specific moment arms and origin-to-insertion distances of three segments of the subscapularis and teres minor muscles were calculated.ResultsThe rotational moment arms remained unchanged for the middle and caudal subscapularis and teres minor segments in all tested positions (subscapularis, -16.1 mm versus -15.8 mm; teres minor, 15.9 mm versus 15.3 mm). The origin-to-insertion distances increased or remained unchanged in any muscle segment apart from the distal subscapularis segment at 0° abduction (139 mm versus 145 mm). The subscapularis and teres minor had increased flexion moment arms in abduction angles smaller than 60° (subscapularis, 2.7 mm versus 8.3 mm; teres minor, -6.6 mm versus 0.8 mm). Abduction moment arms decreased for all segments (subscapularis, 4 mm versus -11 mm; teres minor, -3.6 mm versus -19 mm).ConclusionsAfter lateralized RSA, the subscapularis and teres minor maintained their length and rotational moment arms, their flexion forces were increased, and abduction capability decreased.Clinical relevanceOur findings could explain clinically improved rotation in lateralized RSA in comparison to nonlateralized RSA.

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Effect of Rotator Cuff Deficiencies on Muscle Forces and Glenohumeral Contact Force After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Using Musculoskeletal Multibody Dynamics Simulation.

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