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Common abnormality of gray matter integrity in substance use disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparative voxel-based meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the current study is to determine robust transdiagnostic brain structural markers for compulsivity by capitalizing on the increasing number of case-control studies examining gray matter volume (GMV) alterations in substance use disorders (SUD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Voxel-based meta-analysis within the individual disorders and conjunction analysis were employed to reveal common GMV alterations between SUDs and OCD. Meta-analytic coordinates and signed brain volumetric maps determining directed (reduced/increased) GMV alterations between the disorder groups and controls served as the primary outcome. The separate meta-analysis demonstrated that SUD and OCD patients exhibited widespread GMV reductions in frontocortical regions including prefrontal, cingulate, and insular. Conjunction analysis revealed that the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) consistently exhibited decreased GMV across all disorders. Functional characterization suggests that the IFG represents a core hub in the cognitive control network and exhibits bidirectional (Granger) causal interactions with the striatum. Only OCD showed increased GMV in the dorsal striatum with higher changes being associated with more severe OCD symptomatology. Together the findings demonstrate robustly decreased GMV across the disorders in the left IFG, suggesting a transdiagnostic brain structural marker. The functional characterization as a key hub in the cognitive control network and casual interactions with the striatum suggest that deficits in inhibitory control mechanisms may promote compulsivity and loss of control that characterize both disorders.

SUBMITTER: Klugah-Brown B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8288096 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structural changes in the gray matter of unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a voxel-based morphometric study.

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Gray Matter Alterations in Pediatric Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies.

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Decreased gray matter volume and dynamic functional alterations in medicine-free obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Project description:BackgroundPrevious studies discovered the presence of abnormal structures and functions in the brain regions of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Nevertheless, whether structural changes in brain regions are coupled with alterations in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) at rest in medicine-free patients with OCD remains vague.MethodsThree-dimensional T1-weighed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI were performed on 50 medicine-free OCD and 50 healthy controls (HCs). Firstly, the differences in gray matter volume (GMV) between OCD and HCs were compared. Then, brain regions with aberrant GMV were used as seeds for dFC analysis. The relationship of altered GMV and dFC with clinical parameters in OCD was explored using partial correlation analysis. Finally, support vector machine was applied to examine whether altered multimodal imaging data might be adopted to distinguish OCD from HCs.ResultsOur findings indicated that GMV in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right supplementary motor area (SMA) was reduced in OCD, and the dFC between the left STG and the left cerebellum Crus I and left thalamus, and between the right SMA and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left precuneus was decreased at rest in OCD. The brain regions both with altered GMV and dFC values could discriminate OCD from HCs with the accuracy of 0.85, sensitivity of 0.90 and specificity of 0.80.ConclusionThe decreased gray matter structure coupling with dynamic function in the left STG and right SMA at rest may be crucial in the pathophysiology of OCD.Trial registrationStudy on the mechanism of brain network in obsessive-compulsive disorder with multi-model magnetic resonance imaging (registration date: 08/11/2017; registration number: ChiCTR-COC-17,013,301).

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White matter abnormalities in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Project description:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and often severely disabling illness with onset generally in childhood or adolescence. Although white matter deficits have been implicated in the neurobiology of OCD, few studies have been conducted in pediatric patients when the brain is still developing and have examined their functional correlates. In this study, 23 pediatric OCD patients and 23 healthy volunteers, between the ages of 9 and 17 years, matched for sex, age, handedness, and IQ, received a diffusion tensor imaging exam on a 3T GE system and a brief neuropsychological battery tapping executive functions. Patient symptom severity was assessed using the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). Patients with OCD exhibited significantly greater fractional anisotropy compared to matched controls in the left dorsal cingulum bundle, splenium of the corpus callosum, right corticospinal tract, and left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. There were no regions of significantly lower fractional anisotropy in patients compared to controls. Higher fractional anisotropy in the splenium was significantly correlated with greater obsession severity on the CY-BOCS in the subgroup of psychotropic drug-naïve patients. Among patients, there was a significant association between greater fractional anisotropy in the dorsal cingulum bundle and better performance on measures of response inhibition and cognitive control. The overall findings suggest a pattern of greater directional coherence of white matter tracts in OCD very early in the course of illness, which may serve a compensatory mechanism, at least for response inhibition functions typically subserved by the cingulum bundle.

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Association between gray/white matter contrast and white matter microstructural alterations in medication-naive obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Project description:Intracortical myelin is involved in speeding and synchronizing neural activity of the cerebral cortex and has been found to be disrupted in various psychiatric disorders. However, its role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has remained unknown. In this study, we investigated the alterations in intracortical myelin and their association with white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in OCD. T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted brain images were obtained for 51 medication-naïve patients with OCD and 26 healthy controls (HCs). The grey/white matter contrast (GWC) was calculated from T1-weighted signal intensities to characterize the intracortical myelin profile in OCD. Diffusion parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD), were extracted from diffusion-weighted images to examine the WM microstructure in OCD. Compared with HCs, patients with OCD showed increased GWC in the bilateral orbitofrontal, cuneus, lingual and fusiform gyrus, left anterior cingulate, left superior parietal, right inferior parietal, and right middle frontal cortices, suggesting reduced intracortical myelin. Patients with OCD also showed decreased FA in several WM regions, with a topology corresponding to the GWC alterations. In both groups, the mean GWC of the significant clusters in between-group GWC analysis was correlated negatively with the mean FA of the significant clusters in between-group FA analysis. In patients with OCD, the FA of a cluster in the right cerebellum correlated negatively with the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale scores. Our results suggest that abnormal intracortical and WM myelination could be the microstructural basis for the brain connectivity alterations and disrupted inhibitory control in OCD.

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Compromised Cerebello-Thalamic White Matter Integrity in Medication-Free Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Project description:ObjectiveThe cerebello-thalamic tract is the only efferent white matter (WM) bundle of the cerebellum that connects the cerebellum to the thalamus and has recently attracted much attention in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with its integral role in higher order cognitive functions commonly impaired in OCD patients. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that the cerebello-thalamic circuit is functionally impaired in OCD patients. However, the WM integrity of the cerebello-thalamic tract in OCD, which may underly functional abnormalities of the cerebello-thalamic circuit, is not yet sufficiently understood. Therefore, the current study aimed to elucidate whether compromised cerebello-thalamic WM integrity is observed in medication-free OCD patients.MethodsIn this study, diffusion tensor imaging was acquired from 106 medication-free OCD patients and 105 matched healthy controls (HCs). Probabilistic tractography was then used to reconstruct the cerebello-thalamic tract with accurate anatomical features. Three diffusion indices (fractional anisotropy, FA; mean diffusivity, MD; radial diffusivity, RD) were measured from the reconstructed bilateral cerebello-thalamic tract and then compared between groups.ResultsWe found that patients with OCD showed significantly increased MD and RD in the right cerebello-thalamic tract compared to HCs, and there was no difference in FA between groups.ConclusionOur findings may indicate the underlying structural abnormalities of the dysfunctional cerebello-thalamic circuit in OCD patients. Therefore, our findings are expected to provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of OCD on the cerebello-thalamic WM architecture, extending our knowledge from the existing functional neurobiological model of OCD.

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