Dataset Information

Electrochemical Oxidation of Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Simple Strategy for Marijuana Detection.

ABSTRACT: Recently, it has been estimated that nearly 200 million people use marijuana with growing usage being attributed to the legalization and decriminalization of the drug around the world. A concerning implication of increased marijuana use is the alarming number of individuals who report driving under the influence of the drug, which has prompted the development of detection technologies. An electrochemical-based detection technology, akin to how the alcohol breathalyzer functions, would provide an attractive solution to this growing societal problem. The first step toward this goal is to develop a reaction that converts Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), the primary psychoactive substance in marijuana, to a derivative with diagnostic spectroscopic changes. We report the development of a mild electrochemical method for the oxidation of Δ⁹-THC to its corresponding p-quinone isomer. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the resultant quinone show a dramatic shift in comparison to Δ⁹-THC. This simple protocol provides the foundation for the development of an electrochemical-based marijuana breathalyzer.

SUBMITTER: Darzi ER

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8290221 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Electrochemical Oxidation of Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Simple Strategy for Marijuana Detection.

Darzi Evan R ER Garg Neil K NK

Organic letters 20200424 10

Recently, it has been estimated that nearly 200 million people use marijuana with growing usage being attributed to the legalization and decriminalization of the drug around the world. A concerning implication of increased marijuana use is the alarming number of individuals who report driving under the influence of the drug, which has prompted the development of detection technologies. An electrochemical-based detection technology, akin to how the alcohol breathalyzer functions, would provide an ...[more]

PMID: 32330051

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Project description:CD8+ T cells can contribute to neuroinflammation by secretion of inflammatory cytokines like interferon γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Astrocytes, a glial cell in the brain, can be stimulated by IFNγ and TNFα to secrete the inflammatory cytokines, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10). Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive cannabinoid in Cannabis sativa, possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this investigation was to assess the effects of THC treatment on CD8+ T cell-mediated activation of astrocytes. CD3/CD28/IFNα- stimulated CD8+ T cells were treated with vehicle (0.03% EtOH) or THC and cocultured with U251 astrocytes. IP-10+, MCP-1+, and IL-6+ astrocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. LegendPlex™ was used to measure cytokine secretion by CD8+ T cells and flow cytometry was employed to quantify IFNγ, TNFα, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) expression. Recombinant TNFα and IFNγ were used to stimulate MCP-1, IP-10, IL-6 responses in U251 astrocytes, which were measured by flow cytometry. Treatment with THC reduced CD8+ T cell-mediated induction of IP-10 and IL-6 responses in U251 astrocytes but had no effect on MCP-1. THC treatment differentially affected T cell effector functions such that IFNγ and degranulation responses were sensitive to THC-mediated ablation while TNFα was not. Lastly, THC treatment reduced the IFNγ-induced IP-10 response but had no effect on TNFα-induced MCP-1 response in U251 astrocytes. The results suggest that cannabinoid treatment can selectively reduce certain CD8+ T cell responses that contribute to stimulation of astrocytes. Graphical Abstract Treatment with THC can abate CD8+ T cell-dependent neuroinflammatory processes by inhibiting CD8+ cell differentiation into effector cells, suppressing CD8+ effector cell function, and reducing activation of astrocytes by CD8+ T cell-derived inflammatory cytokines.

Dataset Information

Electrochemical Oxidation of Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Simple Strategy for Marijuana Detection.

Publications

Electrochemical Oxidation of Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Simple Strategy for Marijuana Detection.

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Dataset Information

Electrochemical Oxidation of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Simple Strategy for Marijuana Detection.

Publications

Electrochemical Oxidation of Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Simple Strategy for Marijuana Detection.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

Electrochemical Oxidation of Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Simple Strategy for Marijuana Detection.