A fresh trim provides a new look at the human mannose receptor.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ficko-Blean E
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8294574 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Mechanical stress from haemodynamic perturbations or interventional manipulation of epicardial coronary atherosclerotic plaques with inflammatory destabilization can release particulate debris, thrombotic material and soluble substances into the coronary circulation. The physical material obstructs the coronary microcirculation, whereas the soluble substances induce endothelial dysfunction and facilitate vasoconstriction. Coronary microvascular obstruction and dysfunction result in patchy microinfarcts accompanied by an inflammatory reaction, both of which contribute to progressive myocardial contractile dysfunction. In clinical studies, the benefit of protection devices to retrieve atherothrombotic debris during percutaneous coronary interventions has been modest, and the treatment of microembolization has mostly relied on antiplatelet and vasodilator agents. The past 25 years have witnessed a relative proportional increase in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the presentation of acute coronary syndromes. An associated increase in the incidence of plaque erosion rather than rupture has also been recognized as a key mechanism in the past decade. We propose that coronary microembolization is a decisive link between plaque erosion at the culprit lesion and the manifestation of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In this Review, we characterize the features and mechanisms of coronary microembolization and discuss the clinical trials of drugs and devices for prevention and treatment. In this Review, Kleinbongard and Heusch characterize the features and mechanisms of coronary microembolization and discuss the clinical trials of drugs and devices for the prevention and treatment of this phenomenon. Key points Coronary microembolization results from spontaneous or interventional erosion or rupture of an epicardial coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Atherothrombotic plaque debris causes physical obstruction of coronary microvessels and results in microinfarcts with an inflammatory response. The surviving myocardium around the patchy microinfarcts has reduced contractile function as a result of inflammatory signal transduction leading to myofibrillar oxidation. Atherosclerotic plaque erosion or rupture releases soluble substances that induce coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation and coagulation. Routine use of interventional protection devices does not improve patient outcomes but these devices are indicated in cases of high atherothrombotic plaque burden. Plaque stabilization with statins and canakinumab prevents coronary microembolization, whereas platelet inhibitors, vasodilators and interleukin antagonists attenuate coronary microvascular impairment.
| S-EPMC8593642 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Adenovirus type 2 RNA splicing sites were mapped by using deep cDNA sequencing. The majority of the previously identified splice sites were detected. In addition, novel splicing sites were identified
2014-03-25 | GSE54583 | GEO
Project description:Adenovirus type 2 RNA splicing sites were mapped by using deep cDNA sequencing. The majority of the previously identified splice sites were detected. In addition, novel splicing sites were identified Total RNA obtained from four time stages of human primary lung fibroblast cells IMR-90 infected by adenovirus type 2 compared to the control mock-infected by adenovirus type 2.
2014-03-25 | E-GEOD-54583 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) Barcelona meeting on Cancer Metabolism took place in November 2010. It was organized with the support of the Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Foundation and offered an outstanding line-up of acclaimed speakers within an intimate setting that allowed plenty of opportunity for informal interactions.
| S-EPMC3077258 | biostudies-other
Project description:A considerable volume of research over the last decade has focused on understanding the fundamental mechanisms for the progression of atherosclerosis-the underlying cause for the vast majority of all cardiovascular (CVD)-related complications. Aging is the dominant risk factor for clinically significant atherosclerotic lesion formation, yet the heightened impact of aging on the disease is not accounted for by changes in traditional risk factors, such as lack of physical activity, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes mellitus. This review will examine the pathological and biochemical processes of atherosclerotic plaque formation and growth, with particular focus on the aging risk vis-a-vis arterial homeostasis. Particular focus will be placed on the impact of a number of important contributors to arterial homeostasis including bone marrow (BM)-derived vascular progenitor cells, differential monocyte subpopulations, and the role of cellular senescence. Finally, this review will explore many critical observations in the way the disease process has been reassessed both by clinicians and researchers, and will highlight recent advances in this field that have provided a greater understanding of this aging-driven disease.
| S-EPMC5735066 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A total of 86 renal transplant patients who were transplanted with live related donor (LRD) and live unrelated donor (LURD) kidneys were studied for opportunistic infections. Immune diagnosis of Toxoplasma, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes-simplex virus type II (HSV-2), Aspergillosis and Tuberculosis was carried out in these patients along with sputum examination, CSF studies and biopsy of lymphnode and other tissues in few cases. A high degree of Toxoplasma, CMV & HSV-2 positivity was seen in transplanted patients. However sensitivity of serological diagnosis of tuberculos was found to be low with standard criteria, which increased significantly when modified criteria were used. It is concluded that regular immunological monitoring should be carried out in transplanted patients so as to reach an early diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections.
| S-EPMC5531842 | biostudies-other
Project description:Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) play a major role in energy homeostasis, metabolism, and reproductive function. While effects of biallelic likely pathogenic variants (-/-) on the phenotype are well characterized, effects of mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants (wt/-) in the LEP and LEPR gene on the phenotype compared to wild-type homozygosity (wt/wt) have not been systematically investigated. We identified in our systematic review 44 animal studies (15 on Lep, 29 on Lepr) and 39 studies in humans reporting on 130 mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant carriers with 20 distinct LEP variants and 108 heterozygous mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant carriers with 35 distinct LEPR variants. We found indications for a higher weight status in carriers of mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant in the leptin and in the leptin receptor gene compared to wt/wt, in both animal and human studies. In addition, animal studies showed higher body fat percentage in Lep and Lepr wt/- vs wt/wt. Animal studies provided indications for lower leptin levels in Lep wt/- vs. wt/wt and indications for higher leptin levels in Lepr wt/- vs wt/wt. Data on leptin levels in human studies was limited. Evidence for an impaired metabolism in mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants of the leptin and in leptin receptor gene was not conclusive (animal and human studies). Mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants in the leptin and in leptin receptor gene have phenotypic effects disposing to increased body weight and fat accumulation.
| S-EPMC8390564 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this review, I reexamine the origin and diversification of photochemical reaction centers based on the known phylogenetic relations of the core subunits, and with the aid of sequence and structural alignments. I show, for example, that the protein folds at the C-terminus of the D1 and D2 subunits of Photosystem II, which are essential for the coordination of the water-oxidizing complex, were already in place in the most ancestral Type II reaction center subunit. I then evaluate the evolution of reaction centers in the context of the rise and expansion of the different groups of bacteria based on recent large-scale phylogenetic analyses. I find that the Heliobacteriaceae family of Firmicutes appears to be the earliest branching of the known groups of phototrophic bacteria; however, the origin of photochemical reaction centers and chlorophyll synthesis cannot be placed in this group. Moreover, it becomes evident that the Acidobacteria and the Proteobacteria shared a more recent common phototrophic ancestor, and this is also likely for the Chloroflexi and the Cyanobacteria. Finally, I argue that the discrepancies among the phylogenies of the reaction center proteins, chlorophyll synthesis enzymes, and the species tree of bacteria are best explained if both types of photochemical reaction centers evolved before the diversification of the known phyla of phototrophic bacteria. The primordial phototrophic ancestor must have had both Type I and Type II reaction centers.
| S-EPMC4582080 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tripartite motif proteins (TRIM) constitute a large family of proteins containing a RING-Bbox-Coiled Coil motif followed by different C-terminal domains. Involved in ubiquitination, TRIM proteins participate in many cellular processes including antiviral immunity. The TRIM family is ancient and has been greatly diversified in vertebrates and especially in fish. We analyzed the complete sets of trim genes of the large zebrafish genome and of the compact pufferfish genome. Both contain three large multigene subsets--adding the hsl5/trim35-like genes (hltr) to the ftr and the btr that we previously described--all containing a B30.2 domain that evolved under positive selection. These subsets are conserved among teleosts. By contrast, most human trim genes of the other classes have only one or two orthologues in fish. Loss or gain of C-terminal exons generated proteins with different domain organizations; either by the deletion of the ancestral domain or, remarkably, by the acquisition of a new C-terminal domain. Our survey of fish trim genes in fish identifies subsets with different evolutionary dynamics. trims encoding RBCC-B30.2 proteins show the same evolutionary trends in fish and tetrapods: they evolve fast, often under positive selection, and they duplicate to create multigenic families. We could identify new combinations of domains, which epitomize how new trim classes appear by domain insertion or exon shuffling. Notably, we found that a cyclophilin-A domain replaces the B30.2 domain of a zebrafish fintrim gene, as reported in the macaque and owl monkey antiretroviral TRIM5?. Finally, trim genes encoding RBCC-B30.2 proteins are preferentially located in the vicinity of MHC or MHC gene paralogues, which suggests that such trim genes may have been part of the ancestral MHC.
| S-EPMC3137616 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A rich set of statistical techniques has been developed over the last several decades to estimate the spatial extent of animal home ranges from telemetry data, and new methods to estimate home ranges continue to be developed. Here we investigate home-range estimation from a computational point of view and aim to provide a general framework for computing home ranges, independent of specific estimators. We show how such a workflow can help to make home-range estimation easier and more intuitive, and we provide a series of examples illustrating how different estimators can be compared easily. This allows one to perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the degree to which the choice of estimator influences qualitative and quantitative conclusions. By providing a standardized implementation of home-range estimators, we hope to equip researchers with the tools needed to explore how estimator choice influences answers to biologically meaningful questions.
| S-EPMC8048401 | biostudies-literature