Epidemiological Trends of Head and Neck Cancer: A Population-Based Study.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Background
Over the past decades, lots of advance have occurred in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC). However, the contemporaneous incidence and survival trends, on the basis of population-based registry, have not been reported.Methods
The HNC cancer cases were accessed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The incidence trend was analyzed by joinpoint analysis, with the survival trend being analyzed by period analysis of relative survival rate (RSR) and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the prognostic factors for overall survival.Results
The general incidence trend of HNC increases slightly, with an average annual percentage change of 0.6%, along with five fluctuating segments. The improvement of net survival over the past decades was showed by increasing 60-month RSR, from 54.1% to 56.0% to 60.9% to 66.8%, which was further confirmed by Kaplan-Meier analyses. Moreover, disparities in incidence and survival patterns can be observed in different subgroups.Conclusion
A fluctuating incidence pattern and an ever-improving survival were observed in HNC over time.
SUBMITTER: Guo K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8294963 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:IntroductionHead and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common type of cancer in the world. In Latin America, data on HCN are limited by the scarcity of population-based cancer registries.ObjectiveTo describe survival and changes in the time trends of incidence and mortality rates of HCN with data from the Cali Cancer Population Registry (Colombia) during 1962-2018.MethodMales and females of any age residing in Cali were included. The trends in incidence rates (1962-2016) and mortality (1984-2018) were analysed by calculating the mean annual percentage change (APC). Five-year net survival was estimated for the four 5-year periods of 1996-2015 using the Pohar-Perme method.ResultsDuring 1962-2015, 5,110 new cases of HNC were recorded: 1,506 in the larynx, 1,377 in the oral cavity, 487 in the nose and paranasal sinuses, 643 in the oropharynx, 603 in the salivary glands and 360 in Naso-Hypopharynx region. The incidence rates of HNC decreased significantly at all subsites, except in those associated with the human papillomavirus. Between 1984 and 2018, there were 1,941 deaths attributed to HNC, and the mortality rate decreased significantly. The 5-year age-standardized net survival was 43.2% in 1996-2000, remained stable during the following decade, and for 2011-2015 it was 50.9%.ConclusionThe incidence and mortality of HNC in Cali decreased significantly during the study period in both sexes.
| S-EPMC8651828 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance in Canada. To date, no conclusive study has looked at the epidemiologic basis of marijuana use and head and neck cancer (HNC). Due to the imminent recreational legalization of marijuana in Canada, the epidemiologic relationship between marijuana use and HNC is becoming increasingly important. OBJECTIVE:To examine the epidemiologic characteristics of HNC patients who are recreational marijuana users. METHODS:This study was conducted at a single tertiary care centre from 2011 to 2014. Patients were enrolled consecutively at time of diagnosis of malignancy. Data was prospectively collected and included socioeconomic factors, alcohol/tobacco history, tumor characteristics, and treatment modality. Marijuana use was defined as current usage on an at least weekly basis. RESULTS:Eight hundred seventy-nine patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seventy-four (8.4%) patients were classified as marijuana users. Compared to non-users, marijuana users were less likely to be married (p?=?0.048) and had less significant tobacco smoking history (p?=?0.004). There were no significant differences between other socioeconomic factors or local and regional disease (p?>?0.05). Marijuana users differed in the proportion of cancers stratified by primary site (p?<?0.0001), with higher rates of p16+ oropharyngeal cancers, and treatment modality (p?<?0.0001), with more use of chemoradiation. CONCLUSIONS:HNC patients who were marijuana users were less likely to be married and smoke tobacco. They have a distinct cancer site prevalence and are more likely to be treated by chemoradiation. Understanding the epidemiological breakdown of marijuana users amongst HNC patients will be a useful adjunct for future studies.
| S-EPMC6249858 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundWe comprehensively analyzed the global burdens and trends in incidence and mortality of tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer among subgroups of distinctive ages and genders.MethodsWe retrieved incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in 2020 from the GLOBOCAN database among 185 countries. The incidence and mortality age-standardized rates (ASRs) were mostly obtained from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents and World Health Organization mortality database, respectively. The joinpoint regression analysis has been conducted to evaluate the average annual percentage change of incidence and mortality in recent years.FindingsTrends in the incidence and mortality were decreasing among men in most countries, whereas the trends were increasing among women in some regions. As for mortality, most countries had a decreasing trend in mortality among males, but increasing trends were observed in more than half of countries among females. Furthermore, the majority of countries showed a significant decrease in incidence among males (AAPCs, -0·34 to -6·53), whereas most countries had a significant increase among females (AAPCs, 9·39 to 0·6), especially in European countries. In addition, a more drastic decrease was identified in the trends of the incidence among young people. 33 countries had a drastic decrease among males, especially in countries in Europe (AAPCs, -0·93 to -11·71). And 15 countries showed a significant decrease in incidence among young women (AAPCs, -0·94 to -9·35).InterpretationDecreasing incidence and mortality trends were identified in TBL cancer, particularly among all-age men and women younger than 50 years old. But some other groups of individuals showed an opposite trend, such as women in European countries. More preventive interventions are required for the specific populations.FundingA full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
| S-EPMC8935504 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Cancers of the head and neck have a high mortality rate, and roughly 10% of the patients die within six months of diagnosis. To our knowledge little has been written about this group. We wished to identify risk factors for early death, to predict and monitor patients at risk better and, if possible, avoid unjustified major treatment. METHODS AND FINDINGS:This population-based nationwide study from the Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register (SweHNCR) included data from 2008-2015 and 9733 patients at potential risk of early death. A total of 925 (9.5%) patients died within six months. For every year older the patients became, the risk of early death increased by 2.3% (p<0.001). The relative risk of death was 3.37 times higher (237%) for patients with WHO score 1 compared with WHO score 0. A primary tumour in the hypopharynx correlated with a 24% increased risk over the oral cavity (p<0.024). Patients with stage IV disease had a 3.7 times greater risk of early death than those with stage I (p<0.001). As expected, a 12 times increased risk of early death was noted in the palliative treatment group, compared to the curative group. Limitations to this study were that the actual cause of death was not recorded in the SweHNCR, and that socioeconomic factors, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, and HPV status, were not reported in SweHNCR until 2015. However, the fact that this is a population-based nationwide study including 9733 patients compensates for some of these limitations. CONCLUSIONS:Identification of patients at increased risk of early death shows that older patients with advanced disease, increased WHO score, primary tumour in the hypopharynx, and those given palliative treatment, are more likely than the others to die from head and neck cancer within six months of diagnosis.
| S-EPMC6774523 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked with development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, a subset of head and neck cancer (HNC). This study aimed to evaluate the association between HPV infection and subsequent development of HNC and to report epidemiological information in Taiwan.This population-based cohort study retrieved patient data from the longitudinal health insurance database (LHID) of Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from 2005 to 2010 and analyzed it retrospectively. The crude incidence rate and incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals of HNC were estimated in patients with and without HPV infection. A time-to-event analysis was conducted and multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with HNC in HPV-infected patients, including age at baseline, sex, and comorbidities.This study included the data of 25,520 HPV-infected and 1,061,817 noninfected patients. The HPV-infected group had a significantly higher proportion of females than the noninfected group (55.80% vs 50.66%, respectively; P < .0001). The incidence rate of HNC was 11.49 (males) and 5.83 (females) per 10 person-months versus 11.38 (males) and 3.90 (females) per 10 person-months in the infected and noninfected groups, respectively. HPV was significantly associated with cancer in females (hazard ratio = 1.520, 95% confidence interval 1.166-1.981), but not in males (hazard ratio = 1.000, 95% confidence interval 0.815-1.228). No significant differences were found in age between the HPV-infected and noninfected patients (49.20 ± 14.34 years vs 49.09 ± 13.82 years, respectively); and a slightly higher percentage of HPV-infected patients had a specific comorbidity than did noninfected patients 12.54% versus 9.43%, ischemic heart disease 14.22% versus 10.51%, hypertension 22.40% versus 19.54%, liver disease 22.88% versus 16.17%, and renal disease 7.14% versus 5.39%, respectively.Results of this study may help clinicians in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of head and neck cancer.
| S-EPMC6408134 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThis study aimed to determine the risk and time trends of herpes zoster among patients with head and neck cancer, with or without radiotherapy.MethodsA total of 2160 patients with head and neck cancer were enrolled. The radiotherapy and non- radiotherapy cohorts were frequency-matched at a 1:1 ratio according to sex, age, and index date. Moreover, 1080 matched non-cancer individuals were considered normal controls. Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database and Cancer Registry. The primary end point was the incidence of herpes zoster, and the adjusted confounding factors were age, sex, comorbidities, oncological surgery, and chemotherapy.ResultsThe incidence of herpes zoster was higher in cancer patients than in non-cancer individuals but did not significantly differ (13.67 vs. 8.06 per 1,000 person-years, p = 0.18). The risk of herpes zoster was significantly higher in the radiotherapy cohort than in the non-radiotherapy cohort (18.55 vs. 9.06 per 1,000 person-years, p = 0.03). The 5-year incidence rates in the radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy cohorts were 8.9% and 5%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Survival analysis indicated there was no immortal time bias. The time trends in the radiotherapy cohort persistently showed a high risk within the first 2 years, which decreased thereafter. Only patients with comorbid rheumatoid arthritis showed a significantly high risk of herpes zoster (p = 0.02). Oncological surgery and chemotherapy had no impact on the development of herpes zoster.ConclusionsThis nationwide population-based study showed that patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy are at an increased risk of herpes zoster. Health care professionals should pay more attention to this vulnerable group to improve their quality of life.
| S-EPMC8136642 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRemote triage for suspected head and neck cancer (HNC) referrals was adopted by many institutions during the initial peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Its safety in this population has not been established.MethodsA 16-week, prospective, multicenter national service evaluation was started on March 23, 2020. Suspected HNC referrals undergoing remote triage in UK secondary care centers were identified and followed up for a minimum of 6 months to record the cancer status. Triage was supported by risk stratification using a validated calculator.ResultsData for 4568 cases were submitted by 41 centers serving a population of approximately 26 million. These represented 14.1% of the predicted maximum referrals for this population outside of pandemic times, and this gave the study a margin of error of 1.34% at 95% confidence. Completed 6-month follow-up data were available for 99.8% with an overall cancer rate of 5.6% (254 of 4557). The rates of triage were as follows: urgent imaging investigation, 25.4% (n = 1156); urgent face-to-face review, 27.8%; (n = 1268); assessment deferral, 30.3% (n = 1382); and discharge, 16.4% (n = 749). The corresponding missed cancers rates were 0.5% (5 of 1048), 0.3% (3 of 1149), 0.9% (12 of 1382), and 0.9% (7 of 747; P = .15). The negative predictive value for a nonurgent triage outcome and no cancer diagnosis was 99.1%. Overall harm was reported in 0.24% (11 of 4557) and was highest for deferred assessments (0.58%; 8 of 1382).ConclusionsRemote triage, incorporating risk stratification, may facilitate targeted investigations for higher risk patients and prevent unnecessary hospital attendance for lower risk patients. The risk of harm is low and may be reduced further with appropriate safety netting of deferred appointments.Lay summaryThis large national study observed the widespread adoption of telephone assessment (supported by a risk calculator) of patients referred to hospital specialists with suspected head and neck cancer during the initial peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The authors identified 4568 patients from 41 UK centers (serving a population of more than 26 million people) who were followed up for a minimum of 6 months. Late cancers were identified, whether reviewed or investigated urgently (0.4%) or nonurgently (0.9%), but the overall rate of harm was low (0.2%), with the highest rate being seen with deferred appointments (0.6%).
| S-EPMC9291313 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To examine the impact of comorbidity on overall survival (OS) in a population-based study of patients with head and neck cancer who were treated between 2009 and 2011. Data of 1094 patients with primary head and neck carcinomas without distant metastasis from the Thuringian cancer registries were evaluated concerning the influence of patient's characteristics and comorbidity on OS. Data on comorbidity prior to head and neck cancer diagnosis was adapted to the Charlson Comorbidity (CCI), age-adjusted CCI (ACCI), head and neck CCI (HNCCI), simplified comorbidity score (SCS), and to the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 (ACE-27). Most patients were male (80%; median age: 60 years; 50% stage IV tumors). Smoking, alcohol abuse, and anemia were registered for 38%, 33%, and 23% of the patients, respectively. Predominant therapy was surgery + radiochemotherapy (30%), surgery (29%), and surgery + radiotherapy (21%). Mean CCI, ACCI, HNCCI, SCS and ACE-27 were 1.0 ± 1.5, 2.6 ± 2.1, 0.6 ± 0.8, 4.4 ± 4.2, and 0.9 ± 0.9, respectively. Median follow-up was 25.7 months. Multivariable analyses showed that higher age, higher UICC stage, no therapy, including surgery or radiotherapy, alcohol abuse, and anemia, higher comorbidity were independent risk factors for worse OS (all P < 0.05). According to the discriminatory power analysis none of the five comorbidity scores was superior to the other scores to prognosticate OS. This population-based study showed that comorbidity is frequent in German patients with head and neck cancer and is an important risk factor for poor OS. Comorbidity should be routinely assessed and taken into account in prospective clinical trials.
| S-EPMC5119982 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Epidemiological trends for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) have not been clearly defined. We sought to define trends for IMV in the United States and assess for disease-specific variation for 3 common causes of respiratory failure: pneumonia, heart failure (HF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).We calculated national estimates for utilization of nonsurgical IMV cases from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1993 to 2009 and compared trends for COPD, HF, and pneumonia.We identified 8309344 cases of IMV from 1993 to 2009. Utilization of IMV for nonsurgical indications increased from 178.9 per 100000 in 1993 to 310.9 per 100000 US adults in 2009. Pneumonia cases requiring IMV showed the largest increase (103.6%), whereas COPD cases remained relatively stable (2.5% increase) and HF cases decreased by 55.4%. Similar demographic and clinical changes were observed for pneumonia, COPD, and HF, with cases of IMV becoming younger, more ethnically diverse, and more frequently insured by Medicaid. Outcome trends for patients differed based on diagnosis. Adjusted hospital mortality decreased over time for cases of pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] per 5 years, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.90) and COPD (OR per 5 years, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98) but increased for HF (OR per 5 years, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.09-1.12).Utilization of IMV in the US increased from 1993 to 2009 with a decrease in overall mortality. However, trends in utilization and outcomes of IMV differed markedly based on diagnosis. Unlike favorable outcome trends in pneumonia and COPD, hospital mortality for HF has not improved. Further studies to investigate the outcome gap between HF and other causes of respiratory failure are needed.
| S-EPMC4628853 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Few large studies describe initial disease trajectories and subsequent mortality in people with head and neck cancer. This is a necessary first step to identify the need for palliative care and associated services. AIM:To analyse data from the Head and Neck 5000 study to present mortality, place and mode of death within 12?months of diagnosis. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS:In total, 5402 people with a new diagnosis of head and neck cancer were recruited from 76 cancer centres in the United Kingdom between April 2011 and December 2014. RESULTS:Initially, 161/5402 (3%) and 5241/5402 (97%) of participants were treated with 'non-curative' and 'curative' intent, respectively. Within 12?months, 109/161 (68%) in the 'non-curative' group died compared with 482/5241 (9%) in the 'curative' group. Catastrophic bleed was the terminal event for 10.4% and 9.8% of people in 'non-curative' and 'curative' groups, respectively; terminal airway obstruction was recorded for 7.5% and 6.3% of people in the same corresponding groups. Similar proportions of people in both groups died in a hospice (22.9% 'non-curative'; 23.5% 'curative') and 45.7% of the 'curative' group died in hospital. CONCLUSION:In addition to those with incurable head and neck cancer, there is a small but significant 'curative' subgroup of people who may have palliative needs shortly following diagnosis. Given the high mortality, risk of acute catastrophic event and frequent hospital death, clarifying the level and timing of palliative care services engagement would help provide assurance as to whether palliative care needs are being met.
| S-EPMC7238508 | biostudies-literature